DVB-H

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DVB-H ( English Digital Video Broadcasting - Handhelds , German digital video broadcasting for mobile devices ) is a former transmission standard with which digital broadcast programs can be received via small and / or mobile devices. DVB-H was also known under the names DVB-M (for mobile ) and DVB-X during the design and development phase .

The European Commission committed itself to this technology in 2007, but its use turned out to be a commercial failure. The last DVB-H transmitter was switched off in Finland in March 2012. Development of the successor DVB-NGH (for English Next Generation Handhelds ) began in 2010 and a draft was published in 2012. The introduction of DVB-NGH, originally planned for 2015, also failed.

technology

Mixed DVB-H / T multiplex with three DVB-T and four DVB-H programs

DVB-H is a standard of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) (EN 302 304, November 2004).

With DVB-H, multimedia services (especially television ) for cell phones and other small mobile devices can be broadcast via radio . Like the digital aerial television DVB-T, DVB-H was broadcast terrestrially and built on its technology. In addition to the DVB-T standard, there were 4K IFFT , longer interleavers ( in-depth ), time-slicing and MPE-FEC . The videos can be encoded using more modern video compression methods, such as B. H.264 / AVC ( MPEG-4 Part 10 , Advanced Video Coding ), as is done with DVB-S2 .

The exact data rates and resolutions can be adjusted according to the capacity of the transmitter network and the requirements of the end devices. Most networks used a resolution of 320 × 240 pixels ( QVGA ) at around 300 kbit / s; A quarter of the usual digital television resolution, that is 352 × 288 pixels ( CIF ), would also have been possible.

DVB-H is compatible with DVB-T at the transport stream level . Mixed DVB-H / T multiplexes can therefore be generated so that both systems share the corresponding channel.

DVB-H can be broadcast on the following frequency bands, among others:

The required power consumption of the mobile receiving devices is reduced considerably by means of a time division multiplex process ( time slicing ). This is achieved, among other things, by sending the packets belonging to a program at predictable times so that the recipient can switch off in the meantime in order to save energy. Packets are collected in so-called bursts. The highest power-saving efficiency is achieved when a complete DVB ensemble is filled with DVB-H services, but the use of time slicing leads to the use of about a quarter of the data rate of a DVB-T channel by DVB-H Reduction of the power consumption to approx. 40 mW for the pure DVB-H receiver.

A disadvantage resulting from the use of time slicing is the longer switching time between two channels. Depending on the reception conditions, this can be between 4 and 15 seconds. The reason for this is that after switching, you have to wait until the expected burst is transmitted and the transmission has been completed completely and without errors. Furthermore, the burst must contain enough information so that its content can be played continuously.

Former use

Previous use worldwide

In 2008 there were 15 providers worldwide who offered DVB-H in regular operation, mainly in Europe, Asia and Africa. These were all shut down by 2012.

Use in Europe

After the DVB-H world premiere in June 2006 in Italy by the mobile operator H3G , KPN was launched in June 2008 in the Netherlands . At the end of 2007 Drei had 750,000 customers in Italy for DVB-H.

On July 18, 2007, the European Commission advocated the introduction of DVB-H as a uniform European system for mobile TV and actively participated in its dissemination. In 2008 DVB-H was included in the EU list of standards and specifications.

In 2007, the German Federal Council spoke out against reserving separate frequencies, especially in the L-band, exclusively for DVB-H.

Use in German-speaking countries

Austria

The introduction of mobile phone TV via DVB-H in Austria had cleared the first hurdle in 2007; the service was discontinued in 2010. The relevant amendments to the law passed the Council of Ministers on May 30, 2007. At the end of June 2007, the pilot project “mobile tv austria” was completed, in which around 1,000 selected users in Vienna tested the new media generation DVB-H. The findings: The Viennese test subjects used mobile phone TV at home, especially on the evening before during the week. On average, they watched TV for half an hour a day, and then especially the news.

On February 29, 2008, the competent authority RTR gave the DVB-H license to a consortium of Media Broadcast , Hutchison Drei Austria and one .

On June 6, 2008 - in time for the 2008 European Football Championship in Austria and Switzerland - the DVB-H offer from one and 3 as well as the newly added Mobilkom Austria was available and comprised 15 television channels: ORF 1 , ORF 2 , ATV , Puls 4 , ProSieben Austria , RTL, Sat.1 Austria , VOX, laola1.tv , LALA ( Universal Music TV), Krone TV, Red Bull TV , RTL II , N24 , Super RTL and 5 radio stations: Ö3 , FM4 , KroneHit , Ö1 and LoungeFM . From August 8, 2008 DVB-H could be received in all nine provincial capitals of Austria. At the end of 2009, a little more than 50% of the population could theoretically be supplied with DVB-H.

However, the DVB-H service could hardly attract viewers (an estimated maximum of 10,000-15,000) and was discontinued on December 31, 2010.

Switzerland

In Switzerland , DVB-H licenses were also tendered and the service was terminated in 2010. On September 28, 2007, Swisscom was awarded the contract by the responsible authority ComCom . Swisscom began commercial operations on May 13, 2008 under the product name 'Bluewin TV mobile' - for the time being with one device and twenty channels including an electronic program guide .

After initially strong growth in DVB customer numbers towards Euro 2008 , this leveled off in summer 2008. In October 2008, Swisscom said it had fewer than 5,000 DVB-H customers and thus fell short of its own expectations. Swisscom blamed the lack of success on the fact that until September 2008 only the Nokia N77 was available as a DVB-H receiver in Switzerland. It was not until October 2008 that the number of receivers was increased to four. The broadcasts most watched on mobile phones in Switzerland are live broadcasts .

In October 2008, according to Swisscom, DVB-H was receivable in 44% of the populated areas, particularly in the agglomerations of Bern , Basel , Geneva , Lausanne and Zurich .

Swisscom's DVB-H service was discontinued on March 23, 2010.

Germany

In contrast to other countries, there has never been any commercial use of DVB-H in Germany and the use never got beyond the test run. In 2006, the mobile network operators T-Mobile , Vodafone , E-Plus and O 2 drew a positive balance from the previous joint pilot project in a joint press release. At that time, DVB-H was already commercially available in Italy. The appeal of the mobile network operators was directed at the federal and state governments to quickly issue the necessary licenses.

The Agency chose on 15 October 2007, the former to T-Systems is part of Media Broadcast as DVB-H broadcast network operators and awarded frequencies for a nationwide DVB-H coverage. The construction of the commercial network began in spring 2008.

On October 16, 2007, the general conference of the state media authorities decided to grant the “Mobile 3.0” consortium the license for broadcasting operations. This consortium was a joint venture of the companies MFD Mobiles Fernsehen Germany and NEVA Media, where media companies such as Hubert Burda Media and the publishing group Georg von Holtzbrinck involved. A cooperation between the mobile network operators T-Mobile, Vodafone and O 2 received approval from the Federal Cartel Office , but not the contract for the license.

Friedrich Joussen , head of Vodafone in Germany, publicly stated in May 2008 that he thought DVB-H had failed.

On June 1, 2008, the Mobile 3.0 consortium began test operations in Hamburg , southern Bavaria (first test phase previously in Munich and Wendelstein ), Frankfurt am Main and Hanover . A total of nine television and three radio stations were broadcast during the test run. The stations Das Erste and ZDF , the planned regional program Deutschland 24 and the three radio stations bigMUSIC , MyFun Radio and 90elf were broadcast unencrypted. RTL , VOX , Sat.1 , ProSieben as well as n-tv and N24 were broadcast in encrypted form. The test operation should serve to test the transmission and reception technology and to test the encryption.

Regular broadcasting was only announced by the state media authorities when the licensing process, which was still ongoing at the time, was completed.

After there were already signs in July 2008 that DVB-H operations would be discontinued, it is now clear that the Mobile 3.0 consortium has failed with its plan to start mobile television commercially via DVB-H. By October 31, 2008, Mobile 3.0 had to return the broadcasting licenses to the state media authorities. The licenses should be rewritten. It was found that “sticking to this pilot test will not bring the DVB-H project any further,” argues Thomas Langheinrich, Chairman of the Commission for Approval and Supervision of the State Media Authorities (ZAK).

After DVB-T cell phones became available, the continued success of DVB-H was uncertain. In order to find a sales market for the technology, Rudolf Gröger , Mobile 3.0 President , demanded that DVB-T cell phones should no longer be sold in Germany. In southern Bavaria, the frequencies were reserved until January 2010; EinsExtra can now be received in DVB-T mode on this broadcasting slot .

In January 2010, the ZAK appealed to those interested in DVB-H to apply for a new tender for broadcasting licenses in March 2010. However, after the major mobile phone providers were no longer interested, there was no new tender.

DVB-H terminals

Italy

Commercially available were:

Netherlands

Commercially available were:

Switzerland

The offer was commercially available until it was discontinued as Bluewin TV mobile Swisscom :

Austria

Commercially available were:

  • Nokia : 5530 Mobile TV edition, N77 , N96
  • ZTE : RBM1, MD900, MF635 ( HSDPA data modem with integrated DVB-H receiver)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ M. Rezaei, I. Bouazizi, V. Vadakital and M. Gabbouj, "Optimal Channel Changing Delay for Mobile TV over DVB-H", May 2007, IEEE International Conference on Portable Information Devices
  2. ↑ DVB-H Project: Services ( Memento of the original from April 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dvb-h.org
  3. ↑ Digital TV: Italy: World premiere for DVB-H , June 8, 2006
  4. ↑ Computerwoche : Expert: DVB-H could go on air immediately , November 23, 2007
  5. ↑ http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/1118
  6. ↑ golem.de: EU makes DVB-H the mobile phone TV standard: Entry in the EU list of standards and specifications
  7. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bundesrat.de
  8. ↑ Rundfunk und Telekom Regulierungs-GmbH : Test operation "mobile tv austria" ended with positive results ( memento of the original from December 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 159 kB) , in RTR Aktuell, July 12, 2007  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rtr.at
  9. ↑ RTR: KommAustria awards mobile phone TV license: MEDIA BROADCAST GmbH is awarded the contract , February 29, 2008
  10. ↑ http://derstandard.at/?url=/?id=3364718 DerStandard.at from June 6, 2008 Mobilkom is now also part of the mobile phone TV consortium Media Broadcast
  11. ↑ Media Broadcast: DVB-H: All provincial capitals in Austria supplied ( memento of the original from September 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , August 7, 2008  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.handy-tv.at
  12. ↑ Wirtschaftsblatt: DVB-H contract terminated throughout Austria ( memento of March 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), December 21, 2009
  13. ↑ Report on heise.de DVB-H also failed in Austria on October 14, 2010
  14. ↑ swissinfo.ch: ComCom grants a license for mobile TV to Swisscom ( memento of the original dated December 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , September 28, 2007  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.swissinfo.org
  15. ↑ Bieler Tagblatt : Not even 5000 customers of Handy-TV  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bielertagblatt.ch   , October 22, 2008
  16. ↑ Swisscom: Quality television. Its obvious. ( Memento of the original from October 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.swisscom.ch
  17. ↑ Swisscom: range of channels. You are spoiled for choice. ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.swisscom.ch
  18. ↑ Swisscom: Swisscom discontinues cell phone TV broadcast by the television broadcasting mast ( memento of the original from March 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated March 23, 2010  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.handelszeitung.ch
  19. ↑ Vodafone: Joint DVB-H pilot project: E-Plus, O2, T-Mobile and Vodafone draw a successful balance  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.vodafone.de   , August 22, 2006
  20. ↑ http://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/enid/61539b8d7577a3cd98019be48c37c12f,0/Archiv_Pressemitteilungen/PM_2__7_-_Okt-Dez_4eb.html#12501  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bundesnetzagentur.de  
  21. ↑ https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Mobile-3-0-soll-Handy-TV-Plattform-im-DVB-H-Standard-betreiben-185835.html
  22. ↑ https://www.heise.de/suche/?url=/newsticker/meldung/96026&words=DVB%20H&T=dvb-h
  23. ↑ Financial Times Germany: Vodafone considers cell phone TV to have failed. ( Memento of November 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) , May 25, 2008
  24. ↑ Press release of Bayerischer Rundfunk: DVB-H test in Munich / Southern Bavaria - TV for your pocket is here ( memento of the original from July 31, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated May 29, 2006; Here the broadcasting slot of the hr television was made available for DVB-H @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dvb-t-bayern.de
  25. ↑ http://www.mobiledreinull.tv/fileadmin/mobile3/pdf/PM_Mobile_3_0_Start_Sendebetrieb_final.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.mobiledreinull.tv  
  26. ↑ Computerwoche: Four reasons why cell phone TV won't start for EM 2008 either , June 5, 2008
  27. ↑ http://www.computerwoche.de/knowledge_center/mobile_wireless/1875212/
  28. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated February 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.medienbote.de
  29. ^ Teltariff for DVB-T cell phones from May 20, 2008
  30. ↑ [1] Cell phone TV: Ban DVB-T cell phones in favor of DVB-H?
  31. ↑ dvb-t-bayern.de, message under “News”: January 18, 2010 (cf. also archive page on DVB-H): “EinsExtra” can be received in Old Bavaria and Swabia in future ( memento of the original from February 25, 2010 on the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - In these two years, the ARD broadcasting slot was declared as a “test program” in the PDF station lists, as was previously the case in DVB-H operation @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dvb-t-bayern.de
  32. ^ DWDL: Desperately looking for interested parties for DVB-H from January 22, 2008
  33. ↑ W&V: Out for DVB-H: No interest from cell phone operators from January 26, 2008
  34. ↑ H3G : Offerta ( Memento of the original from August 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Phones offered (Italian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.la3tv.it
  35. ↑ KPN : Wachten leuk met MobielTV van KPN  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Phones offered (Dutch)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.kpn.com  
  36. ↑ Swisscom : Bluewin TV mobile  ( page no longer accessible , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / swisscomonlineshop.sso.bluewin.ch   Cell phones offered (including models via UMTS)
  37. ↑ Hutchison Drei Austria : Offered Cell Phones ( Memento of the original from April 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.drei.at
  38. ↑ Mobilkom Austria : Mobile phones offered as part of Red Bull Mobile

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