The building circle

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The building group existed from 1946 to 1953 with the head office as Der Baukreis Hamburg in Hamburg and branches with the Baukreis Hilden in Hilden and a branch of the Baukreis St. Peter in Sankt Peter / Eiderstedt .

The building group as a "workshop community and educational institution for all arts" was founded as one of the first artists' associations of the post-war period. It was entered in the Hamburg cooperative register on June 26, 1946 in the legal form of an eGmbH under the number 609/101.

The building district signet

THE BUILDING CIRCUIT

The signet designed in 1947 by the graphic artist Fritz Schreck shows the arts of painting, sculpture and graphics in three pillars, which are roofed over and connected to one another by an angle symbolizing architecture. On the ridge rests the circle in which all four disciplines of the visual arts are connected and have come together in the building circle.

Basic idea of ​​"Der Baukreis"

The aim of the association was to found a cooperative community based on the concept of work. All artistic work was to be placed under the Baukreis idea, and the reconstruction after the Second World War was to be stimulated and actively shaped. The Baukreis was a voluntary collective of independent, independently and freely developed artists.

The principle of the Bauhütte represented the cooperation between the arts, in that a group of workshops came together. The economic association of artists was combined with a publicly recognized training institute for artists. These pillars were adopted on May 6, 1946 in the statutes of the building group. The Baukreis was an institution in which the members bridged the phase from the collapse to the economic miracle. The students worked together with their teaching on the implementation of real assignments and were rewarded for this. After completing the training, your job description should be “industrial designer”.

Four periods of the construction group

1945–1946: First plans; Formation and constitution of the founding group; Start of the Gotsch painting school in St. Peter

1946–1947: Internal and external development of the workshops in Hamburg and Hilden; Establishment of the “Association of Friends and Sponsors of the Baukreis e. V. “in Hilden

1948–1951: Active period of activity in the workshops in Hamburg and Hilden; 1948 Closure of the painting school in St. Peter

1951–1953: Closure of the Hamburg workshops; provisional management in Hamburg; Liquidation of the entire construction group in Hamburg and Hilden.

A total of 74 students were trained at the three locations.

Internal and external structure of the workshop circles in Hamburg and Hilden

School building on Norderstrasse in Hamburg-Sankt-Georg

On August 12, 1946, the Hamburg building authorities made the war-damaged west wing of the school building on Norderstrasse 163-165 available to the building group for the workshops. The independent reconstruction, which took one and a half years, was supported financially and with advice by the Hilden textile manufacturer Gert P. Spindler . On March 20, 1948, the artists opened their “workshops and training institute for all arts” in Hamburg. A total of ten lecturers offered 47 students in Hamburg a three-year training course. The subjects of architecture, garden design, sculpture, painting, free graphics, commercial graphics and blacksmithing were offered. The teachers and students worked on real projects. Together they designed commissions in the areas of house and industrial buildings, small sculptures, fountains, portrait busts, ceramics and building ceramics, graphic designs; Utensils (exhibition stands, festival decorations, stage sets and building decorations).

On March 31, 1951, the Hamburg school administration announced the school building. She wanted to use it again for her own school lessons. Since no suitable building was found within the next two years, the workshop community was dissolved on September 8, 1953. That also meant the end of the Hilden branch. The school building, built in 1902/1903 in Hamburg's Norderstraße, is now a listed building and has been used by the Brecht School in Hamburg since 2003.

“Der Baukreis” founding members

Sculptors and sculptors:

  • Kurt Bauer (born February 18, 1906 in Hamburg; † October 28, 1981 in Hamburg)
  • Hans Peter Feddersen (born April 7, 1905 in Kiebitzzeile near Hamburg; † August 7, 1998 in Hilden)
  • Martin Irwahn (born February 18, 1898 in Hamburg; † July 11, 1981 in Eddelsen)
  • Richard Steffen (born February 10, 1903 in Hamburg; † January 30, 1964 in Hamburg), managing director of the building group

Painter:

Graphic artist and press illustrator:

  • Fritz Husmann (born October 15, 1896 in Bremen ; † January 12, 1982 in Hamburg)

Architect:

Lecturers at Baukreis Hamburg

Painting and graphics:

  • Arnold Fiedler
  • Friedrich Karl Gotsch
  • Fritz Husmann
  • Walter Siebelist (born March 30, 1904 in Hamburg; † June 7, 1978 in Hamburg)
  • Hans Martin Tibor (* July 27, 1906 Graudenz ; † May 23, 1984 Hamburg), from 1949
  • Ernst Witt

Commercial graphics:

  • Fritz (Johannes Friedrich) Schreck (born March 30, 1909 in Hanover ; † April 4, 1973 in Hamburg)

Plastic:

  • Kurt Bauer
  • Hans Peter Feddersen
  • Richard Steffen

Space and surface art

Architecture:

Garden design:

  • Gustav Lüttge (born June 12, 1909 in Hamburg, † February 23, 1968 in Hamburg)
  • Walter Raubaum (* 1905 in Berlin , † 1954 in Hamburg).

Well-known students at the Hamburg construction district

  • Ulrich Beier (born August 17, 1928 in Flensburg ; † June 7, 1981 in Reinbek near Hamburg), sculptor
  • Roland Burmeister, painter
  • Gabriele Daube (born June 26, 1901 in Hamburg, † 1988 in Hamburg), painter
  • Rolf Diener (born March 29, 1906 in Gößnitz (Thuringia) , † September 12, 1988 in Hamburg), painter a. Graphic artist
  • Reinhard Drenkhahn (born February 9, 1926 in Hamburg; † March 26, 1959 in Hamburg), painter a. Graphic artist
  • Erika Edelmann (née Estag) (born March 11, 1932 in Berlin-Charlottenburg ), graphic designer
  • Hilde Flinte (born April 30, 1923; † 1995), painter a. Graphic designer, tapestry embroiderer
  • Karl Kaschak (born July 17, 1894 in Türmitz , † August 14, 1974 in Hamburg), painter
  • Klaus Kröger (born December 25, 1920 in Berlin; † November 10, 2010 in Hamburg), painter
  • Rudolf Mahler (born December 6, 1905 in Altona; † June 3, 1995 in Schenefeld near Hamburg), graphic artist a. painter
  • Gudrun Piper (born July 1, 1917 in Kobe ; † October 12, 2016 in Wedel ), painter a. Graphic designer
  • Rolf Retz-Schmidt (born June 16, 1928 in Stavanger ; † September 22, 2006 in Hamburg), painter a. Graphic artist
  • Dieter Röttger (born February 1, 1930 in Hamburg; † August 18, 2003 in Keitum on Sylt ), painter a. Graphic artist
  • Christa Seehase (* 1925), painter
  • Henrik (Heinrich Wilhelm) Sueberkrop (born July 4, 1919 - † February 23, 1964 in Indianapolis ), sculptor a. Illustrator
  • Helmut Sumfleth, painter
  • Lore Ufer, b. Brand (* 1924), painter
  • Marietta Witzgall (born July 27, 1928 in Hamburg), painter

First construction group exhibition

The first complete Baukreis exhibition did not take place in Hamburg, but in Hilden in 1947. Gert P. Spindler had offered the Hamburg building group the unused skylight hall in his textile factory Paul-Spindler-Werke in Hilden in order to give the artists the possibility of an exhibition during the construction phase of the workshop building. It was officially opened on April 4, 1947. In addition to the members Walter Raubaum, the architect Otto Heinrich Strohmeyer and the painter Walter Siebelist, who came to the Hamburg Baukreis in 1947, the Rhineland-based artists, the painter and graphic artist Walther Bergmann and the architect Robert Otto, also exhibited. The artists presented paintings, works on paper, stage sets (in the form of photos), sculptures, commercial graphics and architectural and landscape designs.

The Hilden building district

When the first Baukreis exhibition was taken over by the Düsseldorf gallery Hella Nebelung in July 1947, the establishment of three workshops in the skylight halls of the spinning mill of the Paul Spindler Works in Hilden began under the direction of Robert Otto. "Der Baukreis Hilden" was registered as a cooperative with the Düsseldorf Chamber of Commerce and Industry as a supplementary school.

The architect Robert Otto, who came from the Hamburg construction group, took over the management of the Hilden branch. From 1947 to 1953 he was the head of the architecture workshop. Robert Otto opened an architecture office. Together with four students, he designed designs for houses and furniture. After his time in the construction group, he worked as a freelance architect for the Wuppertal planning office.

The painter, graphic artist, illustrator and book designer Walther Bergmann founded an advertising graphics department. He left the building group in 1949 and started his own business. As a result, Hans Martin Freyer, who came from Wiesbaden, took over and headed the advertising graphics department from 1949 .

The advertising graphics department was supplemented from 1950 by the collaboration of the photographer Curt Bieling with the focus on "color in industrial buildings". Together with nine students and a volunteer, she designed, among other things, advertising posters for the Neanderthal Museum , signage, textile samples, wall paintings and a company sign.

Hilden, Plastik, "Kraniche", Erikaweg, HP Feddersen
Ceramic plates "Production of artificial silk" Hilden Hofstr6

So that sculpture could also be taught in Hilden, one of the Hamburg sculptors was supposed to move to the Rhineland. Martin Irwahn was chosen for this. He refused and left the building group. For this, the sculptor Hans Peter Feddersen moved from Hamburg to Hilden and headed the workshop for plastic design there. It was expanded into a ceramic design workshop by installing a kiln. 11 students were trained in their class. In 1949 you designed the 43 ceramic plates for the production of artificial silk for the Paul Spindler works in Hilden.

The Hilden construction area oriented itself commercially and developed its own profile. In order to be economically independent, the “Bund der Freunde und Förderer des Baukreis e. V. ”, in which representatives of local industry, scientists and art enthusiasts united and secured the work of the building group with their financial contributions. The association was entered in the register of associations on January 23, 1948. The workshop managers carried out his small jobs together with the 25 students. The idea of ​​setting up the training course to become an “industrial designer” failed due to the rejection of recognition by the school authorities. The Hilden building district was only licensed as a private school with a three-year training until 1953.

Lecturers at the Hilden building district

Architecture:

  • Robert Otto, until 1953 also managing director of the Hilden branch

Advertising graphics:

Plastic design:

  • Hans Peter Feddersen (born April 7, 1905 in Kiebitzzeile near Hamburg; † August 7, 1998 in Hilden)

Ceramic:

Freehand and life drawing:

Font:

  • Joka (Johann Karl) Friedrich (born November 4, 1920 in Wiesbaden ; † April 21, 2018), painter, later graphic artist a. Caricaturist, designed the U-Dax , the construction site mascot for the Düsseldorf subway

Art history, material and design:

  • Adalbert Klein (born April 2, 1913 in Benrath ; † January 20, 1994), 1950–1951 also managing director of the building group. Adalbert Klein was director of the Hetjens Museum in Düsseldorf from 1953 to 1978 .

Well-known students at the Hilden building district

  • Inge Denker (* 1936 in Düsseldorf), painter
  • Waltraud Eich (* 1925 in Düsseldorf; † 2010), ceramicist
  • Beate (Beatrix) Feltes-Schiffer (born April 1, 1925 in Rheinberg ), ceramicist
  • Felix Haensch (* around 1902; † April 22, 1972 in Hilden), painter, graphic artist, film director a. Stage designer
  • Ed Kiënder (* 1925 in Wiesbaden, † 1996 in Ibiza ), painter
  • Hilde Ney, later professor at the Düsseldorf Art Academy
  • Waldemar Niepagenkemper (* 1918 in Duisburg , † 2000 in Düsseldorf), painter
  • Elisabeth Ortmanns (born December 17, 1916 in Berlin), sculptor, ceramicist
  • Helmut Paschmann (* 1926; † 2002), architect
  • Karl Rydzewski (born February 28, 1916 in Lyck / Masuren ; † January 23, 2008), sculptor, set designer a. Graphic artist
  • Gertrud Schmitz-Breuer (born December 21, 1924 in Düsseldorf; † October 2, 2017), sculptor, painter a. Graphic designer
  • Carsten Thode, later a designer for new models at Volkswagen
  • Alexander Zingler, painter.

The building district of St. Peter

Friedrich Karl Gotsch (born February 3, 1900 in Pries in the Eckernförde district, † September 21, 1984 in Schleswig) opened the branch "Der Baukreis St. Peter" in St. Peter in March 1946. Together with the painter Ernst Witt from Altona, the initiative developed into a small painting school with six to twelve students. The students of the St. Peter painting school learned on real projects and in November 1947 they painted the village school “Am Deich” and the music stage in the St. Peter Kurhaus. They first stayed together in the “Haus Quisisana” children's country home. The restart of the holiday guest business suggested that the painting school should be outsourced. It was planned to convert the historic Jensen House as a local museum of the Eiderstedt landscape with studios.

Gotsch had to give up the private painting school in 1948 for reasons of profitability. The painting class moved to the Hilden building district.

Well-known students at the St. Peter building district

Web links

Commons : Der Baukreis  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Jens Scholz: Der Baukreis, Hamburg - Hilden - St. Peter, 1946 - 1953, contours of an artists' association in the post-war period , in: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History (ZVHG), Volume 77, 1991 , pp. 183-202, INIIST 25105149 , ISSN  0083-5587
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Hamburgische Landesbank, Der Baukreis, Werkstättengemeinschaft und Lehranstalt für alle Künste (1943-1953) Exhibition from March 7, 2003 to July 4, 2003, stand copy in the Hilden city archive with artist Vitas.
  3. ^ Gert Paul Spindler, opening of the Baukreis school building in Hamburg. Speech on March 20, 1948; Stand copy in the Hilden city archive
  4. ↑ a b c d Robert Otto: Memorandum of the building district Hilden dated June 2, 1951 , communications from the City Office for Cultural Maintenance No. 14; Stand copy in the Hilden city archive
  5. ^ A b Gert Paul Spindler, Der Baukreis , 1993; Stand copy in the Hilden city archive
  6. ↑ Maike Bruhns : Art in the Crisis , Vol. 2, Dölling and Galitz, Munich / Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-93337493-6 , p. 346.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i [1] Uta Schoop: Arnold Fiedler (1900–1985) - An artist monograph. Dissertation, Hamburg 2011, p. 349. (PDF file)
  8. ^ Walter Kaupert (Ed.): International directory of arts , Kaupertverlag, 1963, Volume 1, p. 583.
  9. ↑ The construction group; Newsletter No. 7 ; February 20, 1948; Edition of 130 copies, stand copy in the Hilden city archive
  10. ^ Horst Makus: Ceramics of the 50s. Shapes, colors and decors. A manual. Arnoldsche Art Publishers, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-89790-220-6 , p. 379.
  11. ↑ Dirk Lotze: Old love does not rust , in: Westdeutsche Zeitung of September 2, 2011
  12. ↑ Edith Kowalski: Adalbert Klein , In: Sally Schöne (Hrsg.): Ceramic from passion. The Hetjens Museum in Düsseldorf and its collection history. Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3496014164 , p. 146.
  13. ^ Adalbert Klein: Modern German Ceramics , Volume 27 of Wohnkunst und Hausrat, then and now, F. Schneekluth, Darmstadt 1956, p. 27.
  14. ↑ Beate Feltes-Schiffer , in: Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon (AKL), Volume 38, Saur, Munich et al. 2003, ISBN 3-598-22778-7 , p. 103
  15. ↑ Wolfgang Wennig: Hildener Chronik (1971–1974) , In: Hildener Jahrbuch, NF, Vol. III, Hilden 1981, p. 250.
  16. ^ Adalbert Klein: Modern German Ceramics , Volume 27 of Wohnkunst und Hausrat, then and now, F. Schneekluth, Darmstadt 1956, p. 28.
  17. ↑ Michael Hecker: Structurel-Structural, Influence of structuralist theories in West Germany from 1959-1975 , dissertation TU Stuttgart 2007, p. 414
  18. ^ Obituary on the death of Karl Rydzewski , in: Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung, episode 06-08 of February 9, 2008

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