Black boy country

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Amtei Dorneck-Thierstein (Schwarzbubenland)
Schwarzbubenbrunnen in front of the parish hall in Nunningen
Passwang Street on the Thiersteiner side

The Schwarzbubenland , officially Amtei Dorneck-Thierstein , consists of the two districts of Dorneck and Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland . It encompasses the Solothurn region in the Jura Mountains north of the Passwangs , which are characterized by a complicated course of borders with the neighboring cantons of Basel-Landschaft , Bern and Jura as well as France . The office consists of 23 municipalities with 35,219 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2017) and thus has 13 mandates for the Solothurn Cantonal Council . Since 2005 it has been the constituency for the cantonal elections .

geography

The Schwarzbubenland lies entirely in the Jura Mountains . The areas connected with the rest of the canton are located south and east of the Birs . They are bounded in the north and east by the canton of Basel-Landschaft . In the south they border on the Solothurn district of Thal-Gäu and, through the border between the municipality of Beinwil and the Bernese exclave Schelten, on the canton of Bern . To the west are the canton of Jura (since 1979, formerly the Bernese area) and the Laufental valley, which was also Bernese until 1994 and has since been part of the canton of Basel-Landschaft . Then there are the exclaves Kleinlützel (in the Thierstein district) and Solothurnisches Leimental (in the Dorneck district), which are each surrounded by France and the canton of Basel-Landschaft.

The landscape of Schwarzbubenland is of valleys, gorges and canyons coined. Important elevations are the Hohe Winde ( 1204  m above sea level ), the Passwang (also 1204  m above sea level at the highest point Vogelberg ), the Riedberg near Nunningen ( 944  m above sea level ; the neighboring Riedbergchopf at 1011  m above sea level) . M. lies on Baselbieter soil), the Gempenplateau with the Scharten ( 753  m above sea level ) as the highest elevation and the Blauen ( 837  m above sea level ) on the border to the Basel area. In addition to the Birs, which only touches the Solothurn region in Bärschwil and Dornach , its right-hand tributaries Wahlenbach , Lüssel , Ibach and Seebach and the left-hand tributary Lützel are more important bodies of water . The municipality of Rodersdorf is from Birsig traversed. The Seewener See was drained in the late 16th century.

history

The city-state of Solothurn had been striving to expand its territory since the Middle Ages and in the course of the 15th and 16th centuries also came to the areas of what is now the Black Boy Country. The first rule on the other side of the Passwang that Solothurn was able to acquire was the village of Seewen through purchase from the canon Elisabeth von Säckingen. On May 25, 1483, the people of Seewen swore the oath of subjects. In 1485 the Solothurn citizenship bought half of the Dorneck- Gempen dominion from Bernhard von Efringen, a Basel citizen. These activities initially led to resistance from the Counts of Thierstein , who emphasized their rights to Dorneck and Seewen. However, the conflict was settled in 1487 when the Thierstein Counts Oswald and Sigismund accepted the perpetual castle law of Solothurn. In 1515 the dominion of Rotberg could be acquired and in 1522 a federal arbitration tribunal awarded the dominion of Thierstein and the Kastvogtei Beinwil including the high court after a long dispute with the Basel prince-bishop Solothurn . In 1527 Solothurn expanded the Thierstein Bailiwick to include Bärschwil and Kleinlützel and in the same year was able to acquire his rule (with the villages of Nunningen , Meltingen and Zullwil ) from Hans Imer von Gilgenberg . Gilgenberg was the last achievable rule that Solothurn could acquire, with which the Solothurn territorial policy had come to the end of its possibilities.

From 1735, when the Bishopric of Basel more not facing site was the Confederation, and then during the Helvetic Republic and Mediation were the two enclaves of Amtei, Kleinlützel and the Canton Solothurn Leimental , enclaves in the German Empire respectively after Napoleonic due to the incorporation of the diocese of Basel to the France 1792 enclaves in French territory for around 15 years.

In the liberal revolution of 1830, the Thiersteiners and the Dorneckers positioned themselves very differently. While the Thiersteiners expressed their loyalty to the government, the most radical demands were made in the then Amtei Dorneck together with Olten . The “passionate incendiary speech” by Josef Cherno from Dornach, the “leader of the black boys” in the liberal movement, in which he violently attacked the patrician counter-revolution of 1814 (see Restoration ) and the resulting constitution is remembered. His speech was also distributed as a flyer.

The origin of the name Schwarzbubenland is not entirely clear. While this is documented for the first time in 1865, the expression "black boys" was used for the inhabitants of the region as early as 1813 by the historian Robert Glutz von Blotzheim , who attributed it to their black costume. The most likely explanation today, however, is a derivation from the verb to blacken (“ smuggling ”), since the people of this border region were said to be smuggling. Another interpretation is confessional: While the Reformation found its way into the neighboring Basel area, it remained since the 15th and 16th. In the 19th century, the Black Boy Country, which belonged to the canton of Solothurn, was Catholic, along with its canton, which could mean that the Baslers invented the name. Lukas Schenker describes this denominational interpretation as well as the derivations from clothing or political orientation in the Historical Lexicon of Switzerland as "rather unlikely".

economy

history

Until well into the second half of the 19th century, the Schwarzbubenland was mainly dominated by agriculture. In Bärschwil there was an iron smelter for Bohner ore (renewed in 1675) and a glassworks from 1775 to 1856 , later the lime and gypsum production was started.

In 1878, shortly after the Jura Railway opened , there were only two companies in the Schwarzbubenland subject to the Factory Act with a total of 250 employees. The Jura Railway drove the development of industry. Further operations were opened, such as the lock and fittings factory in Kleinlützel in 1892 (part of the Swedish Assa-Abloy Group since 2015 ) and the metal works in Dornach (today Swissmetal ) in 1895 .

The Brunner brothers introduced the manufacture of tobacco pipes in Kleinlützel in 1878 . The three small pipe factories in Kleinlützel with a total of around 100 workers at times were the only ones in Switzerland. After a fire, the stitch turnery was the last to stop producing pipes in 2008. The Tschan pipe and stick factory, which had ceased production earlier, was converted into a museum.

In 1903 Albert Borer founded the Swiss Isola-Werke in Breitenbach to process mica as an insulating material for the electrical industry. Isola-Werke was the first global supplier of mica products. In 2005 they were renamed Von Roll Schweiz AG , already taken over by Von Roll in 1988 .

present

According to the economic development of the canton of Solothurn, the competencies of the economy of the Schwarzbubenland lie in the areas of "metal processing, machine and device construction, electronics and biotechnology". According to the report Structure and Change in the Schwarzbubenland region (study period 2005-2015), the primary and secondary economic sectors are disproportionately represented in the Schwarzbubenland compared to the rest of the canton of Solothurn , with employment in these two sectors falling sharply between 2005 and 2015. The service sector grew by 16.1% during this period.

traffic

All municipalities of the Schwarzbubenland can be easily reached by public transport. Only Dornach with the Dornach-Arlesheim station , which is also the end point of the meter-gauge railway line Basel-Dornach, is directly connected to the standard-gauge railway network of the SBB . This is now part of the Basel tram line 10 operated by the BLT , which at its other end with the Basel – Rodersdorf railway connects several communities in the Solothurn Leimental ( Witterswil , Bättwil , Hofstetten-Flüh and Rodersdorf ). Bärschwil has a station on the Jura Railway , but no trains have stopped there since the 1990s. The place has since been by postal bus accessible buses; this also applies to the other municipalities of the Black Boy Country. The Laufen train station in the canton of Basel-Landschaft is an important starting point and hub for Postbuses in the Thierstein district . Postbus courses in the eastern part of the Dorneck district (Dorneckberg) run from the train stations of Dornach, Grellingen BL and the capital of the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Liestal .

The road over the Passwang has lost its importance with the construction of the autobahn ( A1 , A2 ), but remains the shortest connection between the Schwarzbubenland and the southern part of the canton. The main road 18 does not touch solothurnisches canton directly (partially follows exactly the cantonal border), but provides for many communities of Schwarzbubenland an important link to Basel via the Laufental represents.

The closest airport is Basel-Mulhouse . A small airfield in the Basel area, the Dittingen airfield ( ICAO code LSPD), is operated by the "Dittingen glider group", but is closed to third-party aircraft.

Personalities

literature

  • Albin Fringeli: Landscape as Destiny. A local and folklore of the Black Boy Country. Solothurn State Chancellery, Solothurn 1979.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ District Dorneck 20'544, District Thierstein 14'675 inhabitants. Population as of December 31, 2017 in the communes of the canton of Solothurn (Excel) Canton of Solothurn, Office of Finance. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  2. ^ A b Charles Knapp, Maurice Borel, Victor Attinger, Heinrich Brunner, Société neuchâteloise de geographie (editor): Geographical Lexicon of Switzerland . Volume 1: Aa - Emmengruppe . Verlag Gebrüder Attinger, Neuenburg 1902, p. 638, keyword Dorneck-Thierstein   ( scan of the lexicon page ).
  3. ^ Charles Knapp, Maurice Borel, Victor Attinger, Heinrich Brunner, Société neuchâteloise de geographie (editor): Geographical Lexicon of Switzerland . Volume 1: Aa - Emmengruppe . Verlag Gebrüder Attinger, Neuenburg 1902, p. 639, keyword Dorneck-Thierstein   ( scan of the lexicon page ).
  4. ↑ a b Bruno Amiet: City and Canton of Solothurn from Prehistory to the End of the Middle Ages . In: History of Solothurn . tape 1 . State Chancellery of the Canton of Solothurn, Solothurn 1952, p. 365 .
  5. ↑ Bruno Amiet: City and Canton of Solothurn from Prehistory to the End of the Middle Ages . In: History of Solothurn . tape 1 . State Chancellery of the Canton of Solothurn, Solothurn 1952, p. 368 .
  6. ^ A b Hans Braun: Solothurn (Canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 22, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Bruno Amiet: City and Canton of Solothurn from Prehistory to the End of the Middle Ages . In: History of Solothurn . tape 1 . State Chancellery of the Canton of Solothurn, Solothurn 1952, p. 439 .
  8. ↑ Bruno Amiet: City and Canton of Solothurn from Prehistory to the End of the Middle Ages . In: History of Solothurn . tape 1 . State Chancellery of the Canton of Solothurn, Solothurn 1952, p. 439-440 .
  9. ^ Ernst Burkhard: World and Swiss history .
  10. ↑ Hans Sigrist: The late period and the end of the patrician regime . In: History of Solothurn . tape 3 . Government Council of the Canton of Solothurn, Solothurn 1981, p. 311 .
  11. ↑ a b Hans Sigrist: The late period and the end of the patrician regime . In: History of Solothurn . tape 3 . Government Council of the Canton of Solothurn, Solothurn 1981, p. 726 .
  12. ↑ Hans Sigrist: The late period and the end of the patrician regime . In: History of Solothurn . tape 3 . Government Council of the Canton of Solothurn, Solothurn 1981, p. 727 .
  13. ^ André Schluchter : Josef Cherno. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . December 19, 2003 , accessed June 12, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Hans Sigrist: The late period and the end of the patrician regime . In: History of Solothurn . tape 3 . Government Council of the Canton of Solothurn, Solothurn 1981, p. 726-727 .
  15. ↑ a b c Lukas Schenker: Schwarzbubenland. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 11, 2011 , accessed June 12, 2019 .
  16. ^ Albin Fringeli: Landscape as Destiny . State Chancellery Solothurn, Solothurn 1979, p. 12 .
  17. ↑ Lukas Schenker: Bärschwil. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . September 15, 2009 , accessed June 12, 2019 .
  18. ↑ Thomas Wallner: The industrialization of the canton at a glance . In: History of the Canton of Solothurn 1831-1914. Landscape and population - economy and traffic - society - culture (=  history of Solothurn . 4, part 2). Lehrmittelverlag Kanton Solothurn, Solothurn 2011, ISBN 978-3-905470-51-2 , p. 102 .
  19. ↑ a b c Albin Fringeli: Landscape as fate . State Chancellery Solothurn, Solothurn 1979, p. 360 .
  20. ↑ Portrait . MSL lock and fittings factory AG, Kleinlützel. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  21. ↑ The pipe makers from Kleinlützel . In: DRS2ktuell . Radio SRF 2. January 26, 2008. Accessed April 29, 2018.
  22. ^ Museum pipe and stick factory . Museum Association of the Canton of Solothurn. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  23. ↑ The history of Von Roll at a glance . From roll. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  24. ↑ Dorneck-Thierstein . Economic development of the canton of Solothurn. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  25. ^ Structure and change in the Schwarzbubenland region. Evaluation of the statistics of the company structure (STATENT) for the Schwarzbubenland region . Canton of Solothurn, economic development. 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  26. ↑ Laufental / Thierstein line network . PostBus Switzerland AG. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  27. ↑ line network Oristal / Dorneckberg . PostBus Switzerland AG. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  28. ↑ Lukas Schenker: Passwang. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . April 22, 2009. Retrieved June 12, 2019 .
  29. ^ Dittingen airfield . Glider group Dittingen. Retrieved May 6, 2018.