Adlwang
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Adlwang
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| coat of arms | Austria map | |
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| Basic data | ||
| Country: | Austria | |
| State : | Upper Austria | |
| Political District : | Steyr-Land | |
| License plate : | SE | |
| Surface: | 17.18 km² | |
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 59 ′ N , 14 ° 13 ′ E | |
| Height : | 422 m above sea level A. | |
| Residents : | 1,874 (January 1, 2020) | |
| Postal code : | 4541 | |
| Area code : | 07258 | |
| Community code : | 4 15 01 | |
| NUTS region | AT314 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Kirchenplatz 5 4541 Adlwang |
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| Website: | ||
| politics | ||
| Mayor : | Karl Mayr ( ÖVP ) | |
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Municipal Council : (2015) (19 members) |
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| Location of Adlwang in the Steyr-Land district | ||
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 Adlwang from the south |
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| Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria | ||
Adlwang is a municipality in the Traunviertel with 1874 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020). The responsible judicial district is Steyr .
Adlwang is one of the oldest Marian pilgrimage sites in Upper Austria. The main sights are the church in the center of the village and the Holy Well. The traditional “Adlwanger Kirtag”, also known as “Three golden Saturday nights”, takes place every year on the first three weekends in October.
geography
Adlwang is located in the southeast of Upper Austria , south of Bad Hall and west of Steyr . The extension of the municipality is 6.9 km from north to south and 4.5 km from west to east. 15.9% of the area is forested, 73.5% is used for agriculture.
Community structure
The municipality includes the following six localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2015):
- Adlwang (528)
- Eggmayr (5)
- Emsenhub (273)
- Mandorf (244)
- Moderndorf (82)
- Mill pit (612)
Today the community consists of one village (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):
- Adlwang (1874)
The community consists of the cadastral communities Adlwang, Emsenhub and Weißenbach.
Neighboring communities
| Parish churches | Bad Hall | |
| Nussbach |
.svg)
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Waldneukirchen |
| Grünburg |
history
Early settlement
Since when the area around Adlwang has been populated cannot be determined with accuracy.
| Population development |
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|---|---|
| date | Residents |
| 1869 | 986 |
| 1880 | 910 |
| 1890 | 947 |
| 1900 | 1,016 |
| 1910 | 1,022 |
| 1923 | 1,001 |
| 1934 | 1.014 |
| 1939 | 992 |
| 1951 | 1,133 |
| 1961 | 982 |
| 1971 | 1.106 |
| 1981 | 1,230 |
| 1991 | 1,379 |
| 2001 | 1,576 |
| 2011 | 1,676 |
| 2017 | 1,784 |
Although hole ax finds and Roman coins have been found in the region, there is nothing that remains from the early settlement. Today's Adlwang already belonged to the first state structure on Austrian soil, the Celtic Norikum, and was later occupied by the Romans. After the withdrawal of the Roman troops and the migration of peoples , which also affected the former Roman province, the area was occupied by the Bavarians. These extended their sphere of influence starting from today's Bavaria towards the east. The Bavarian conquest in this region was accomplished with the founding of the Kremsmünster Monastery in 777. Duke Tassilo III. donated land to the monastery, including the area around the Sulzbach, with the intention of colonizing and Christianizing the region and making the people his subjects.
The Kremsmünster Monastery has had a great history of influence on Adlwang, which is expressed in the fact that Adlwang has always been looked after by Kremsmünster from pastoral care and thus the monastery was the landlord in Adlwang for a long time. In 1095 there is an entry in the chronicle of the Garsten monastery: " St. Tiemo (then Archbishop of Salzburg ) consecrated a church in the Hall area" . This statement is related to Adlwang and this is often accepted as the first mention today. What the reason was to build a church in Adlwang and what prompted the famous Archbishop of Salzburg to consecrate a church here is uncertain today.
An old legend tells of a beautiful maiden who was often seen near a fountain. This legend is already described in the Miracle Book of 1683 by Father Gotthard Freyd, where Adlwang is also mentioned as an ancient Marian pilgrimage site. Around this time, a noble residence is assumed, as the name "Heinrich von Adlwang" appears as a witness in some documents. The first rock-solid written proof of the existence of Adlwang, at least for the church, is provided by the parish division of the monastery in 1330, where it is described that Adlwang is part of the parish parish churches and property of the Kremsmünster monastery.
Origin as a place of pilgrimage
A foundation made by the von Rohrs around 1300 shows that Adlwang was a popular pilgrimage site for the Virgin Mary very early on . Due to the large number of pilgrims, the abbot managed to convince the Pope to expand the church in Adlwang. In 1431, Pope Eugene IV issued a letter of indulgence with a validity of 20 years for the church in Adlwang. This drove up the number of pilgrims and brought about the first blooming phase of the pilgrimage. The west wall of this church is still preserved today, in which a Gothic portal was uncovered in the 20th century. This shows that the church was at least roughly the same size as in the 15th century. However, as the church became too small again, the presbytery was built at the beginning of the 16th century based on the model of the Danube School, today a popular postcard motif and identification image for Adlwang.
Since the church in St. Blasien houses relics of St. Blasius of Sebaste , who, according to the Legenda aurea , saved a young man from suffocating who choked himself on a fishbone, in the Middle Ages the Blasius blessing received there was considered a protection against sore throats such as B. Diphtheria .
Reformation and Peasant Wars
In the following period of the Reformation , the people of this region became Protestant and peasant revolts broke out. When peasant unrest began in 1596, an Adlwanger was significantly involved. Wolf Ackerlhaider was involved as ringleader in an uprising that was put down on October 7, 1596 in the area around Steyr . Ackerlhaider fled to Styria , was later arrested, sentenced to death and executed with the sword in Gmunden in 1599.
Adlwang as a superior
After the suppression of the peasant uprisings, the time of the Counter Reformation began , because the supreme ruler wanted a Catholic country. This led to the special promotion of pilgrimage in Adlwang by the Kremsmünster monks. In 1653 the nave was rebuilt. Since that time, the Church has existed essentially in the form we know it today. The Adlwang Miracle Books, which contain a collection of miracles by the Adlwang Madonna and information about the history of Adlwang , also fall into this period . The pilgrimage cult increased until it reached its absolute climax in the Baroque era . In 1696 the number of annual fairs exceeded the 1000 limit, which led to Adlwang being elevated to a superoriat in 1700 and thus receiving the status of a major pilgrimage site.
During this time Adlwang is described as "Mariazell of Upper Austria" and is the most important place of pilgrimage in the region above the Enns. Adlwang usually had four priests. This led to the rectory being built in its current size. 2.7 million communicants were counted in the period of the Superoriate from 1700-1784. Priests from near and far held masses in Adlwang. Priests came not only from all parts of the empire, but also from Russia , Rome and Jerusalem . There were even plans to build a completely new church in Adlwang, building materials and site were already available, but a legal dispute with the Hall rule prevented construction from starting. Since 1778 Adlwang has also had a trivial school , which roughly corresponds to an elementary school, although there were already modest lessons before. Two things have contributed to the further strengthening of the pilgrimage cult. On the one hand, there was an image of the crucified Savior observed sweating blood, which in expert reports was attributed to an unnatural origin. On the other hand, Adlwang was spared the plague, which at that time was widespread throughout the country and even forced Mariazell to close temporarily.
Joseph II and the Resistance to the Enlightenment
When the age of the Enlightenment in the administrative orders began with Joseph II , attempts were made by the state to erase the pilgrimage cult. Since the monastery and the common people did not obey the orders, the pastor and abbot were removed. However, since the desired success did not occur, the authorities tried to enforce more drastic measures. Adlwang was withdrawn from its superoriate status by making it its own parish, which meant that only one priest was allowed to be in Adlwang. By government decree of February 3, 1789 it was decreed that the statue of grace had to be replaced by a picture. The orderly from Hall, to whose rule Adlwang belonged, traveled with bailiffs to implement the ordinance. Since the Bishop of Linz only tried to appease himself , patience ran out in Adlwang at Easter 1790.
A description says: "The women of Adlwang (...) had penetrated the church, tore down the new altarpiece and put the old miraculous image back in its place." Joseph II died in 1790, so the story was not continued, since his successor Leopold II took care of other things. In 1809 Upper Austria became the scene of the Napoleonic Wars. In the battle of Ebelsberg, the Austrian troops were subject to the French army under Napoleon . How far Adlwang was affected by the Napoleonic campaign through Upper Austria cannot be said exactly, but Father Richter, pastor of Adlwang, took care of "repairing the damage caused by the French invasion" . The custom of the golden Saturday nights, at the beginning purely a pilgrimage, had also been known since the 19th century. Pope Pius IX granted complete indulgence to anyone who visits Adlwang on the golden Saturday nights.
Adlwang asserts itself as an independent municipality
In the 19th century the small village of Adlwang experienced a sustained upswing, which contributed to the growth of the town center. In 1871 a post office was set up in Adlwang, there was a weighbridge in the center and a dairy was founded in Greilmühle. The volunteer fire brigade , which previously only existed as a loose group, was founded in 1894 and a fire station was built in the same year. At that time Adlwang was divided into several political communities and had no administration of its own. However, since most of the residents identified themselves as Adlwanger and saw the center of their lives here, the endeavor arose to become a separate community. The fact that these attempts were not very successful at the beginning was due to the fact that Vienna had massive reservations about this initiative from the province. Ultimately, however, a group of persistent Adlwang, supported by Father Lambert Guppenberger, prevailed and achieved that in 1893 several tax communities were merged into one local community and became part of the Kirchdorf district under the name Adlwang . Most of the new parish area was separated from Waldneukirchen .
First World War
In 1914 the First World War began , which Adlwang did not spare either. Numerous men advanced and fought on the fronts . Many of them never returned home and left numerous holes in their families. The community signed war bonds and went into debt. 40 Russian prisoners of war were brought to Adlwang to make up for the lack of manpower. As a result, Adlwang was in dire straits and prices rose rapidly. Gradually and during the war, Adlwang was "flooded" by refugees and released prisoners of war and starved soldiers came back home, provided they were still alive. In Austria a lot had changed in the meantime, as the Danube Monarchy collapsed and the Republic of Austria was proclaimed.
Interwar period
In 1864 the most famous Adlwanger, Michael Mayr , son of the Ferdlstraßerggut, was born. He attended elementary school in Adlwang, became a university professor in Innsbruck , and later became Federal Chancellor of a transitional government and co-founder of the Austrian Federal Constitution . The problems of his time, the defensive struggle in Styria , forced Mayr to resign. As a national councilor , he remained in politics. Mayr died of a stroke in 1922 while visiting his sister in Waldneukirchen . The political upheaval in 1914 led to the formation of political groups in Adlwang, which have been in charge of the community ever since.
The turmoil of the economic crisis resulted in extreme price increases, for example municipal taxes were increased several times by a few thousand percent. Despite the extreme economic conditions, Adlwang was connected to public transport and the power grid. The Raiffeisenbank and a branch of the Sparkasse were also founded at this time . Together with the Postsparkasse, there are three banks in Adlwang. There was also a community health insurance fund, a community poor house with a nurse and a gendarmerie base with arrest. Although Adlwang was spared the civil war, the events also cast a spell over Adlwang. In addition to difficult political conditions, a patriotic front formed in this civil war , which later led to difficulties.
Second World War
On March 15, 1938, 150 German soldiers occupied Adlwang, all associations were dissolved, and instead of the mayor, a provisional head of the National Socialists stepped in , who headed the community for the next seven years. In the follow -up vote, only a single no-vote was cast. The parish vicar was arrested by the Gestapo and held in Linz . The pilgrimage and the church became a political issue again during this period. The pilgrims were only able to use the street on foot after a petition to the Gauleiter in Vienna . Again had Adlwanger as soldiers in the war draw to attend fronts to fight across Europe and again many of them came not return back home. In the meantime, 25 French prisoners of war have been quartered in Adlwang who had to help with agricultural work.
The Kremsmünster Abbey was occupied by the Gestapo and forbidden, under threat of punishment, to encourage people to visit the church. Despite an official ban, numerous processions were carried out in and to Adlwang, which resulted in the band being banned from activities for six months. Since the musicians did not submit to the ban, they were interrogated by the NS district leadership , which confiscated the chapel's property and Leopold Höllhuber threatened to be admitted to the concentration camp . Intervention prevented this and he was fined. Furthermore the chapel was placed under the supervision of a party member.
In 1944 the first refugees from the east came to Adlwang, where earth huts are being built. In 1945 the school was closed and refugees were housed in it, who also traveled through Adlwang in a non-stop train with the military. A clearing office for the Vienna police and a Wehrmacht unit were also located in Adlwang. About 800 Jews sent from Fürstenfeld to Mauthausen formed a train of horror . They had a night camp in the Herzogwald, which for many Jews was their last. In Adlwang, an agitated youth group, the "Wehrwolfe" , is trying to usurp the violence in the village. They also shot a student from Vienna who had seen the pointlessness of the war. On May 5, 1945 about 300 American vehicles drove through Adlwang and 200 soldiers occupied the place. The Nazi structures were dissolved again and the previous community leadership reinstated. The situation slowly calmed down and the soldiers returned home.
Upswing and growth after 1945
After 1945 a continuous upswing began, which allowed the construction of public facilities. Furthermore, in Adlwang, increased settlement activity began in the center of the village in the 1960s. In 1963 a new fire station was built, which was later expanded.
In 1965 the new office building was built and the local square was redesigned and expanded. In the following years the school was expanded and a kindergarten was added. The Raiffeisenkasse, the Sparkasse and the Post also built their own buildings in Adlwang. In 1978 a partnership was concluded with the Hessian community Engelrod , which continues to this day and to which the "Englroder Brunnen" is dedicated.
In 1980 the first Styria house was built and handed over to its residents. Today there are already four residential complexes of this size in the town center. For the existing sports union , a sports facility was built which, in addition to the football and training field, includes two tennis courts, two asphalt curling lanes and the club house. In 1988 the Bürgerhalle, the event center for Adlwang and intended as a foundation for the Zeillerbauer couple, was completed. In 1989, Adlwang was awarded the title “Most Beautiful Village in Upper Austria” as part of the flower decoration campaign .
Church is growing steadily
The population is growing continuously, which has resulted in the expansion of the residential area in the center of Adlwang and in St. Blasien, the Fröschlpointsiedlung and Steingrub. Construction of two new residential complexes south of the center began in 2013. The settlement of new businesses in the Adlwang Nord industrial park also contributed to the growth of the community. There was a sporting boom in football, where promotion to 1st class was achieved. In tennis, too, successes were recorded together with the Waldneukirchen game community . An international youth soccer tournament in 2013 was a highlight in sport. The renovation of the over 100-year-old elementary school with gym and children's house was carried out between 2000 and 2010. A local doctor has ordained in the Adlwang municipal office since 2013.
coat of arms
Blazon : Divided by blue and red by a silver bar; above a silver, growing heraldic lily , below seven golden, four to three set little crosses. The municipality colors are blue-white-red.
politics
The municipal council has a total of 19 members. With the municipal council and mayoral elections in Upper Austria in 2015 , the municipal council has the following distribution: 12 ÖVP, 4 FPÖ and 3 SPÖ.
- mayor
- 1995–2015 Franz Hiselmayr (ÖVP)
- since 2015 Karl Mayr (ÖVP)
Parish partnership
Culture and sights
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Adlwang is the oldest Marian pilgrimage site in Upper Austria.
- Parish and pilgrimage church “Siebenorben Mariae” and Gnadenbrunnen Adlwang: First mentioned in a document in 1330, it attracts pilgrims from all over Austria. Late Gothic building with west portal from 1431–1451. Stone sculpture 'Miraculous Image of Mary' from 1410–1420.
- Church & Mesnerhaus St. Blasien
- Eustachius Fountain
- Nikolauskapelle
- War memorial
- Engelroderbrunnen
- " Square "
- Small monuments
Public facilities
- Adlwang volunteer fire brigade
- Library of the Adlwang Parish
education
- Adlwang elementary school
- Montessori Kinderhaus Adlwang: day-care center and kindergarten
societies
- Traditional costume band
- Pfarrwanger Schuhplattler
- Beekeeping Association
- Comradeship Association
- Lederhos'n Club
- Rural youth
- Gold hood group
- Hunters
- church choir
- Catholic associations
- Political associations
- Singer round
Sports
- Sports union
- Soccer
- tennis
- Stock sport
- hike
- To run
- Nordic walking
- To go biking
- horse riding
Personalities
Sons and daughters
- Karl Dickbauer (1891–1976), police inspector and Righteous Among the Nations
- Michael Mayr (1864–1922), historian and politician (Christian Social Party), 1920–1921 Austrian Federal Chancellor of the First Republic
- Ludwig Nussbichler (* 1963), composer and music school director of the Salzburg City Music Center
People related to the city
- Joseph Maierlein , local poet, spent the last years of his life in Adlwang, where his grave is also located
- Father Lambert Guppenberger , Germanist and historian, pastor in Adlwang 1882–1895
Adlwang Church
Rectory
Church of St. Blasien
Sacristan's house
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literature
- Edmund Friess, Gustav Gugitz: The pilgrimages to Adlwang in the light of the miracle books (1620-1746) . Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1951.
- Karl Fallnit, Rudolf Schreglmann: 100 years of the Adlwang community . Adlwang municipality, Adlwang 1993.
- Reinhard Niederkrottenthaller: Cultural assets and memorials in Adlwang . Book publisher Franz Stein Maßl, Adlwang 2011.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistics Austria - Population at the beginning of 2002–2020 by municipalities (area status 01/01/2020)
- ↑ Golden Saturday nights in October
- ↑ Statistics Austria, population on January 1, 2015 by location
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
- ↑ Population development 1869 - 2017 at www.statistik.at (PDF file); accessed: December 14, 2017
- ↑ Stefan Winkle: Scourges of mankind - cultural history of epidemics. 3rd improved and enlarged edition. Artemis & Winkler Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2005 ISBN 3-538-07159-4
- ^ State of Upper Austria, coat of arms of the municipality of Adlwang. Retrieved March 23, 2019 .
Web links
- Map in the Digital Upper Austrian Room Information System ( DORIS )
- Further information about the municipality of Adlwang can be found on the geo-information system of the federal state of Upper Austria .
- www.adlwang.at
- www.nikolauskapelle.at
Adlwang | Aschach an der Steyr | Bad Hall | Dietach | Gaflenz | Garsten | Großraming | Laussa | Losenstein | Maria Neustift | Parish churches near Bad Hall | Rich raming | Rohr im Kremstal | Schiedlberg | Sierning | Ortisei near Steyr | Ternberg | Waldneukirchen | Weyer | Wolfern