Georg von Stengel (Ministerial Councilor)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Baron Georg von Stengel (born October 1, 1775 in Mannheim , † April 24, 1824 in Munich ) was a German civil servant .

Life

family

Georg von Stengel was the son of the later Palatine-Bavarian State Councilor Stephan von Stengel , who is said to have been a natural son of Elector Karl Theodor , and his first wife Marianne (born June 13, 1753 in Mannheim; † April 19, 1802 in Munich) , eldest daughter of the Hofkammer Vice Director Franz Blesen († 1788). His grandfather was the office director Georg von Stengel . Georg was the oldest of twelve children, five of whom were brothers. The names of his siblings are known:

In 1778/79 his father followed Elector Karl Theodor to Munich when he moved his residence there, but the family did not follow suit until the early 1780s.

On May 7, 1805, Georg Stengel married his father's youngest sister, Catharina von Stengel (born May 28, 1778 in Seckenheim , † April 3, 1861 in Munich), after the head of the Church in Rome issued the dispensation required due to close relatives would have. They had five children together; of these are known by name:

The youngest daughter was deaf and dumb .

education and study

In Munich, Georg von Stengel was educated and trained under the direction of the clergyman and later university librarian and pastor of Ingolstadt , Joseph Oeggl (1754–1806).

In 1787 the priest and later court chaplain in the Herzog-Max-Burg , Simon Schmid (1760–1840), took over the further education of Stephan von Stengel's two eldest sons. With this Georg von Stengel learned natural history and mathematics as well as initial instructions in botany by collecting and systematically classifying the plants. He also accompanied his teacher on his walks in the cemeteries, where he looked at the grave inscriptions etched on stone and thus developed the first idea for the stone printing ; later the inventor was called Alois Senefelder , who did not develop a similar process until years later. Simon Schmid also had a talent for landscape drawing and with his help Georg von Stengel also practiced drawing; the visits of the painters Carl Ernst Christoph Hess and Ferdinand and Franz Kobell to his parents' house also contributed to this.

Together with two of his brothers, three sons of Freiherr von Aretin , the brothers of Johann Georg von Dillis , von Mieg and the later State Councilor Franz Sales Schilcher (1766–1843), a small art academy was formed in the house, in which drawn, but also older ones and recent copper engravings , etched sheets and original drawings were viewed and discussed. His attempts at making music on the instruments of his choice, the fortepiano and the flute, he gave up again after a short time. In his later life he worked as an art patron .

At that time, his father's country house, Schloss Biederstein , which he had received as a knighthood from Elector Karl Theodor in 1784, burned down twice, so that Georg von Stengel could see how his father dealt with these blows of fate.

In the philosophical field he was trained by Andreas Dominikus Zaupser and in mathematics, mineralogy and geognosy by Mathias von Flurl ; the latter two subjects in particular aroused his particular interest. In addition, he met the geologist Johann Sebastian von Clais and was allowed to accompany him on a halurgical journey that led to the salt works of Saint Maurice in Savoy in Switzerland ; there he was able to live for some time in the geologist's house.

In the late autumn of 1791 he began his studies at the University of Heidelberg and attended lectures in law and state economics. He received his physical-technical studies from Georg Adolf Suckow , with whom he was also privately connected.

His student days were particularly marked by three men, government councilor Friedrich von Zentner , teacher of constitutional law , Hofkammerrat Heinrich Rigal, a long-time friend of his father, and the philosopher Jacob Schmitt. Together with fellow students they formed an association in which, under the supervision of the previous three men, they practiced together and competed in education in science and art. On the advice of the men ... only a sensible farmer can become a useful landlord ... he went to the Bühlhof near Calw in autumn 1793 . There Hofkammerrat Heinrich Mögling ran a large estate and several agricultural factories and used technical mechanics to improve the economy ; he stayed here for several weeks and returned with several drawings and memoranda. He also used the holidays in 1794 to spend with Pastor Johann Friedrich Mayer in Kupferzell , who had made a name for himself through his writings on practical agriculture. Here he also developed the ideas that later led to the establishment of an agricultural association and the agricultural school in Schleissheim .

During his stay at the university, he often visited his grandparents who lived nearby in Mannheim, where his future wife, his father's youngest sister, also lived. The family often spent the autumn in their grandfather's country house in Laudenbach , the mountains of which Georg von Stengel later described. There he invented a chair for his grandfather, who was meanwhile paralyzed due to old age, that could be moved in all directions by a light mechanism from the seated person outdoors as well as in the room; Grandfather used this invention for years.

In autumn 1795 he returned to Munich and occupied himself with repeating his university lessons and studying the Bavarian civil and judicial coder. To prepare for the Absolutorium he went to the high school in Ingolstadt in the summer semester of 1796 , attended individual lectures and heard private lectures on Bavarian law books. Because he felt uncomfortable in Ingolstadt and wanted to escape this dungeon quickly, he studied all nights in order to get his degree as soon as possible. He received this on July 10, 1796; a few weeks later the French Rhine-Moselle army invaded Bavaria under the command of Obergeneral Jean-Victor Moreau .

Activities in the civil service

1797 to 1799

In the period from 1797 to 1793 he went through the various preparatory stages of civil service in the electoral court chamber and was appointed saline trainee in Reichenhall in the late autumn of 1798 , followed on April 23, 1799 by his appointment to the council of the 4th deputation in the Salinen- , Berg- and coinage in Munich. Shortly after taking up his duties, he asked for a three-month vacation in order to be able to travel to the salt pans and to accompany the Saline chief inspector from Reichenhall on his trip through the forest with various forest masters . This request was complied with with the request to submit possible suggestions for improvement.

1800 to 1808

In 1800 the wood masters of the regional courts Reichenhall , Traunstein and Marquartstein refused to recruits . Now he was given the task of ensuring the recruiting as a commissioner . For this he received a military command to support him. However, the military command was withdrawn to Munich because the French army was approaching Munich. Nevertheless, he managed to return with the required recruits.

On the day that Obergeneral Jean-Victor Moreau entered Munich, Georg von Stengel had to take over the organization of the billeting and follow as a commissioner as the army advanced to protect the salt flats. For this he received a Sauvegarde for his protection .

In 1801 he was commissioned to travel to the French headquarters in Salzburg in order to reach an agreement that would secure Bavaria against the import of foreign salts. On April 5 of the same year, Mayor Aloys Plank appointed him commissioner for the allocation of war costs in the city of Munich. However, this was associated with great difficulties because the city land register was incomplete.

In the summer of 1802 he was commissioned to inspect all of the inland salt flats and examine the timber supply contracts . In the winter of 1802 he was elected a member of the commission that was then concerned with the dissolution of the foundations and monasteries that were to be repealed.

On August 15, 1803 he was appointed state directorate of the 1st section of the state economic deputation. Shortly afterwards, his father was transferred to Bamberg as vice director of the regional directorate and the family followed him. However, the two oldest sons stayed in Munich and Würzburg ; During this time his eldest sister Franziska ran the house for him.

In 1804 he traveled to Berchtesgaden to hand over the salt works to the new Electorate of Salzburg .

Shortly after his marriage, he and his wife traveled to Partenkirchen in 1805 to sell, among other things, dispensable forests in the state forest to the Mosbach and Garmisch forest inspections ; these comprised 292,093 daily work . When he received the news of the outbreak of the new war in the late autumn of 1805, he hurried back to Munich. When he returned, the city was already occupied by Austrians . After the liberation on October 12th, he was appointed commissioner to receive Marshal Karl XIV Johann , who was moving in . Shortly afterwards, he became government commissioner at the requisitions commission of the city of Munich.

In the summer of 1806 he developed the proposal to build a salt works in Rosenheim . The state administration implemented the proposal and by September 30, 1806 11,641 quintals of salt had been produced.

In 1806, the nobility, clergy, citizens and peasants were to be taxed equally for the first time in order to pay the war burdens that had been transferred to the Kingdom of Bavaria . Georg von Stengel was in charge of this task.

At the beginning of 1807 he was appointed Oberstbergrat in the Oberstbergamt , which had been newly established for the acquisition of Tyrol , but also retained his position as regional directorate. He became the second councilor of the Taxes and Domains Section of the Treasury the following year; thereby his sphere of activity was extended from the old Bavarian to all Bavarian areas.

1809 to 1824

In 1809 he and two friends founded an agricultural association in Bavaria , which by March already had 60 members; in his certificate of admission from November 2, 1810, he was named as the association's founder.

Together with his colleague from Panzer, he worked out the tax mandate published on November 22, 1811, in which the inequalities of the tax constitution at that time were adjusted and balanced.

With the dissolution of the tax and domains section in 1817, he was appointed Ministerialrat at the Ministry of Finance; He has now received the presentations of the Lower Danube and Rhine districts , the saltworks, mining and coinage, road, bridge and hydraulic engineering as well as the model farms in Weihenstephan and Schleissheim with the agricultural training institute founded on April 27, 1822. In the period that followed, the royal porcelain factory was added , and in March 1822 the newly established polytechnic collection and all objects related to art and trade were added.

Since 1819 he represented the government several times in the Estates Assembly .

In 1820 he accompanied the Minister of State of Finance , Baron Maximilian Emanuel von Lerchenfeld , on a tour of several districts of the kingdom .

In response to his suggestions, breakthroughs and dams were built on the Rhine , the Main Correction at Grafenrheinfeld , in which the Main was straightened with a total of five consecutive cuts, the new road from Passau to Vilshofen , which shortened the travel time by three hours, and a new stone bridge over the Danube that Maxbruecke built near Passau, the dilapidated canal restored in the Danube Moor, the channel of Frankenthal produced improvements in metallurgy at the royal porcelain manufactory and the saline in Kissingen made and the royal sheep farms in lower Main circle expanded. On his recommendation, young technicians were sent abroad to tour technical facilities and attend educational schools.

In 1824 he received an offer from King Maximilian to be appointed to the State Council, but declined this for health reasons.

Honors

Memberships

  • Georg von Stengel was the founder of the Agricultural Association in Bavaria and was represented there in the general committee as well as in the cash and weekly newspaper commission; he also published a few essays in the weekly newspaper.
  • From 1801 he was a full member of the Academy of Sciences in Munich .
  • The Agricultural Association in Württemberg (today: State Farmers Association in Baden-Württemberg ) appointed him an honorary member.

Fonts (selection)

  • Georg von Stengel, Georg Wilhelm Sigismund Beigel : Chemical investigation of a mother liquor from Reichenhall from the month of March 1802. In: Treatises of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences - Mathematical and natural science class. Munich 1806, pp. 2-14 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Georg Freiherr von Stengel (1775-1824). Retrieved July 3, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Joseph Anton Moshamer: The globe and man. First volume. Europe - America . Anton Mausberger, 1844, p. 275 ( google.de [accessed on July 2, 2019]).
  3. ↑ The German painter-Radirer (Peintres-Graveurs) of the nineteenth century . 1869, p. 141 ( google.de [accessed on July 2, 2019]).
  4. ^ Franz von Paula cabinet: Treatises of a private society of natural scientists and economists in Upper Germany . Lindauer, 1792, p. 135 ( google.de [accessed on July 2, 2019]).
  5. ↑ Karl Fraas: History of the Sciences in Germany more recent times: History of agriculture and forest science from the sixteenth century to the present . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cottaschen bookstore, 1865, p. 325 ( google.de [accessed on July 3, 2019]).
  6. ^ The Danube from its origin to Belgrade. 71 views of nature drawn by J (akob) Alt. New edition of the picturesque Danube journey . L. Forster's artist. Anst., 1838, p. 7 ( google.de [accessed on July 3, 2019]).
  7. ↑ The Schanzl Bridge. In: phil.uni-passau.de. Retrieved July 3, 2019 .
  8. ^ Deceased members. Prof. Dr. Georg Freiherr von Stengel. Bavarian General Commissioner, State Councilor, saltworks specialist, Munich. In: badw.de. Bavarian Academy of Sciences, accessed on July 3, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Stengel, Georg von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German civil servant
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1775
PLACE OF BIRTH Mannheim
DATE OF DEATH April 24, 1824
Place of death Munich