Hackledt (noble family)

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Hackledt is the name of an old Bavarian noble family that came from the Innviertel and had its main focus there for several centuries. The members of this family, which later divided into several lines, were of particular importance as owners and administrators of court brands , some were also officials of the Bavarian dukes and the prince-bishops of Passau .

Coat of arms of the von Hackledt family based on Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book

history

origin

The Lords of Hackledt (other spellings include Hacklöd , Häckelöder or Häckhledt ) had their headquarters , Hackledt Castle , in what is now the municipality of Eggerding . The Lords of Hackledt appear for the first time in the 14th century, according to family tradition, Dietrich Hackelödter is said to have fought in 1322 in the Battle of Mühldorf as captain of the foot troops of the Bishop of Passau .

The first historically tangible member of the family, however, is Chunrat Hächelöder , who was named in a deed of donation from the pastors of St. Marienkirchen near Schärding in 1377 when the parish agreed with Bishop Albert von Passau to set up its own parsonage .

The uninterrupted line of trunks begins in 1451 with Matthias I von Hackledt, a court judge of the Augustinian Canons - Reichersberg Monastery .

16th Century

The Hackledter were considered noble early on and also had a traditional coat of arms . At the beginning of the 16th century, several members of the family are mentioned in the Bavarian country tables . In 1533 Bernhard I von Hackledt, the son of Matthias I, was confirmed in the nobility by the Roman-German king and later Emperor Ferdinand I. The following year, the family received by the Wittelsbach William IV. And Louis X , the recognition of the nobility in the Duchy of Bavaria .

In the following centuries they developed into a flourishing family that acquired extensive property, especially in the area around Eggerding , St. Marienkirchen , Mayrhof , Reichersberg and Griesbach im Rottal .

In order to avoid inheritance disputes in the family, the two sons of Bernhard I von Hackledt, Wolfgang II and Hans I, divided the family property between them in the second half of the 16th century: Wolfgang II von Hackledt received the The headquarters of Hackledt , Hans I. von Hackledt , built Maasbach Castle in the Antiesenhofen parish . The main line, descended from Wolfgang II., Has since remained at Hackledt Castle, with the descendants of Hans I there was also an important line at Maasbach Castle for two centuries, which at times also belonged to Wimhub Castle near St. Veit in the Innkreis . Century died out.

Matthias II von Hackledt ( Matthias Hackleder ), one of the sons of the above-mentioned Wolfgang II, was also an important landowner. He was an official of the sovereign administration and judge in Mattighofen , but also acquired a stately property with the castles of Wimhub and Brunnthal , which had previously been in the possession of other hackled men at times. After his death in 1616, his goods first passed to his daughter and, after her death in 1637, finally to her distant relative Johann Georg von Hackledt († 1677, see below).

After Protestant preachers had reached the Innviertel and Emperor Maximilian II allowed the nobility to practice their religion freely through the religious concession of 1568, numerous people from this family also professed the Lutheran denomination . However , they returned to Catholicism during the Counter Reformation .

17th century

Copper engraving of Hackledt Castle by Michael Wening from 1721

Johann Georg von Hackledt (1611–1677), a great-grandson of Wolfgang II, who has already been mentioned several times, had the ancestral palace expanded and significantly enlarged. The moat was filled in and an extension was built in its place. At the same time, the complex was given a baroque style to match the taste of the time and the palace chapel was built in honor of St. Jacob and St. Anna. The castle was given the appearance that is also handed down in the copper engraving by Michael Wening . Johann Georg also inherited the castles of Wimhub and Brunnthal near St. Veit im Innkreis from a distant relative - namely the daughter of Matthias II von Hackledt, who died in 1637 - which he did not live in himself, but had employees manage.

The Hackledter family had their most important burial places in the churches of Marienkirchen near Schärding and St. Veit (near Altheim ).

18th century

Parish Church of St. Marienkirchen, epitaph of Johann Nepomuk von Hackledt (1727–1799)
Parish Church of St. Marienkirchen, epitaph of Joseph Anton von Hackledt (1729–1799)

In the 18th century, the descendants of Johann Georg von Hackledt split into three new lines: His son Wolfgang Matthias von Hackledt (1649–1722) had three sons who each established a line of the sex: Franz Joseph Anton († 1729) remained on Hackledt Castle, his brother Johann Karl Joseph I († 1747) received the seat in Wimhub, and the third brother Paul Anton Joseph († 1752) received the seat in Brunnthal, but initially continued to live in Wimhub before he inherited it from his wife Teichstätt Castle near Lengau moved.

In 1739 the two sons of Franz Joseph Anton († 1729) from the line on Hackledt, Johann Nepomuk (1727–1799) and Joseph Anton (1729–1799), were raised to the baron status by Elector Karl Albrecht of Bavaria .

In 1779 the Innviertel came to the Habsburgs after the Treaty of Teschen . Since then it no longer belonged to the Burghausen Rent Office , but to Austria ob der Enns . The Lords of Hackledt also came under Austrian sovereignty with their property in the Innviertel, but still owned castles in Bavaria, such as Großköllnbach (near Pilsting ), Klebstein (near Schönberg ) and Aicha vorm Wald (near Vilshofen ). To Hofmark the castle Hackledt were at this time a total of 60 humble goods, especially farm .

Leopold Ludwig Karl von Hackledt (1763–1824) from the line on Teichstätt, a grandson of Paul Anton Joseph († 1752), was given the hereditary-Austrian baron status and the imperial baron status as well as an improvement in the coat of arms by Emperor Joseph II . In 1813 the gender was registered in the Bavarian nobility register .

19th century

The family's presence at Hackledt Castle came to an end at the beginning of the 19th century when the childless Joseph Anton Freiherr von Hackledt (1729–1799) appointed his distant relative Johann Nepomuk Freiherr von Peckenzell from Dorfbach as a universal heir . In 1799 and 1800 the family lines at the castles Hackledt and Wimhub went out. When the Hackledter was about to become extinct, Emperor Ferdinand I, at the instigation of Leopold Ludwig Karl's sister , allowed his grandson Johann and his descendants to manage the family's nobility and coat of arms. The aforementioned Baron von Peckenzell sold Hackledt Castle in 1839 for 27,000 guilders to the Reichersberg Abbey.

Castles and estates

The von Hackledt family have lived in the castles listed below throughout their history. In some cases for centuries, in others only for a generation. The significance of the individual lords, which always included a number of subject goods, varied greatly. Some had the legal status of a Hofmark , others that of a noble seat or a Sedelhof :

meaning

Due to their social and economic position, the Lords of Hackledt can be seen as a representative cross-section of the lower nobility of the Innviertel in the early modern period . They are also exceptionally well researched through a number of scientific studies. In 2002 their grave monuments were cataloged as part of the " German Inscriptions ", and since 2009 detailed biographies of all known family members (117 in total) and ownership histories of their goods (60 in total) have been available.

Although the Hackledter were not among the largest landowners in the Innviertel, nor did they ever gain significant political influence, they never produced an individual of outstanding historical importance. As landlords and court lords at the local level, however, they had a special status in the villages under their rule. Generations of hacked leather exercised their local rights of administration and lower jurisdiction over their subjects, villagers and parishioners from their court brands , noble estates and Sedelhöfe , which were mainly located in the old Bavarian rent offices of Burghausen and Landshut . Other family members held positions in the civil and military civil service in Bavaria and the Principality of Passau . Their career also illustrates the history of the region, as they were involved either themselves or through their relatives in almost all major historical events that touched the Innkreis in modern times.

coat of arms

Family coat of arms

The coat of arms of the von Hackledt family shows an upright black bear with a red tongue in gold , holding a silver hatchet in his front paws. On the helmet with black and gold covers the growing bear with the ax. When the rank was increased , the coat of arms was slightly changed by improving the coat of arms .

Heraldic saga

Eggerding
St. Marienkirchen

The following legend has grown up about the von Hackledt family : "One day some farmers went into the woods and cleared the ground for new fields. The area used to be densely forested and belonged to the Diocese of Passau. The farmers felled in hard Work many trees until a clearing was created, a deserted area. Then a bear pounced on them. A hunter who happened to ride by took up the chase. His name was Bernhart. After wandering around the forest for a long time, he found himself on a tree stump Finally he discovered the bear in a swampy area under a large spruce. After a fierce fight he was able to defeat the bear with his ax. The farmers gave him the property that they had cleared before. Bernhart called this property the Hackel Barren , like the way the peasants made the land habitable. His descendants later built a castle there. They were called the Hackel-Öder . The image of Mary, the Bernhart in the forest found, the farmers hung from the spruce under which he had defeated the bear. Many pilgrims soon visited this picture of Mary. There they built a wooden chapel Maria im Moos and later houses. This is how the place Sankt Marienkirchen with its parish church came into being.

Municipal coat of arms

The bear from the family coat of arms was later incorporated into the municipal coats of arms of Eggerding and St. Marienkirchen near Schärding , which, through their design, also refer to the saga of the coat of arms. The municipality of Eggerding received its coat of arms in 1979 from the Upper Austrian provincial government , the municipality of St. Marienkirchen in 1981.

literature

  • Christopher R. Seddon: Aristocracy between Bavaria and Austria - The Lords of Hackledt and their environment 1550 to 1800 , Linz (Upper Austrian State Archives) 2011, 529 pp. ( ISBN 978-3-902801-04-3 )
  • Christopher R. Seddon: Noble life paths between Bavaria and Austria. Forms of rule and rulership structures of the landed nobility on the lower Inn in the early modern period, illustrated using the example of the Lords and Barons von Hackledt , Vienna 2009.
  • Christopher R. Seddon: Burial forms as a mirror of the social conditions of an Innviertel noble family of the early modern period , in: Passauer Jahrbuch 47 (2005) , pp. 121–154.
  • Christopher R. Seddon: An Innviertel noble family of the early modern times: the history of the lords and barons of Hackledt , in: Der Bundschuh - series of publications of the Museum Innviertel Volkskundehaus Ried im Innkreis 6 (2003) , pp. 45–56.
  • Christopher R. Seddon: The inscribed monuments of the Lords and Barons of Hackledt , Vienna 2002. (Catalog of all known epitaphs of the Hackledt in the context of the German inscriptions )
  • Herbert Erich Baumert: Austrian municipal coats of arms , Linz 1996.
  • Otto Titan von Hefner , Gustav Adelbert Seyler : The coats of arms of the Bavarian nobility , J. Johann Siebmacher's Great Book of Arms , Volume 22, Neustadt an der Aisch 1971.
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (ed.): New general German nobility lexicon , Leipzig 1859.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Seddon, Christopher R., "Noble ways of life between Bavaria and Austria. Forms of rule and rulership structures of the landed nobility on the lower Inn in the early modern times", Vienna 2009, p. 419.
  2. ↑ Seddon, Christopher R., "Noble ways of life between Bavaria and Austria. Forms of rule and rulership structures of the landed nobility on the lower Inn in the early modern times", Vienna 2009, p. 419.

Web links

Commons : Hackledt family  - collection of images, videos and audio files