St. Marien (Havelberg)

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West building of the Havelberg Cathedral
Havelberg Cathedral from the old town island

The Havelberger Dom Sankt Marien is a Protestant church in the Hanseatic city of Havelberg in Saxony-Anhalt . It was once the cathedral of the diocese of Havelberg . The diocese of Havelberg itself was founded by King Otto I in the year 946 or 948. As part of the German Eastern Settlement , it was founded to proselytize the local Western Slavs . Next to Brandenburg, Havelberg was the earliest diocese east of the Elbe . The cathedral is owned by the Saxony-Anhalt Cultural Foundation .

history

The prerequisite for today's cathedral in Havelberg and other church buildings east of the Elbe by the order of the Premonstratensians was the Wendekreuzzug in 1147, after which the bishop returned and the city was rebuilt according to plan. The cathedral has now been rebuilt in the Romanesque style as a bishop's church and equipped with a regulated cathedral chapter made up of Premonstratensian canons . After a major fire damage, the originally Romanesque building was rebuilt in the Gothic style between 1279 and 1330 . The rood screen and the side choir screens were built around 1400. A predecessor building suspected with the foundation of the diocese within the Ottonian castle has not yet been archaeologically proven. The church building was on August 16, 1170 the name of the Virgin Mary consecrated .

After the Reformation , the cathedral chapter, which in 1506 had been converted from a Premonstratensian canonical monastery to a secular priestly canon , after the death of the cathedral dean Peter Conradi in 1561, converted to Protestantism. The diocese of Havelberg itself was dissolved in 1598 by Elector Joachim Friedrich von Brandenburg.

The cathedral and the town church of St. Laurentius have belonged to a common parish since 1996. In 1996 the cathedral became the property of the Cathedral Foundation of the State of Saxony-Anhalt. The Havelberg Cathedral is a stop along the Romanesque Road .

architecture

The cathedral is a flat-roofed three-aisled basilica with a ribbed vault . Quarry stone from Grauwacke from a quarry near Plötzky was used as the building material . The church owes its architectural and historical importance to the west building , which, with its completely ornamentless, massive form as a windowless block, represents the most decisive realization of the Saxon west bar in German architecture. The transversely rectangular structure measures 30.2 mx 6.1 m in area and is 31 m high up to the top of the wall. The lower area is made of natural stone, in the late 12th century it was topped up with bricks , sometimes in a colorful mix.

In the years 1840/1841 the Prussian state paid for a restoration of the cathedral, during which the western building was given a neo-Gothic western portal in line with contemporary tastes and stucco cornices were installed inside . From 1907 to 1909, the foundations and damaged vaults were again fundamentally repaired . The west building was given an additional five - arcade neo-Romanesque bell storey with a new roof turret , and the neo-Gothic west portal from the 19th century was replaced by a new one in the Romanesque style.

The west building had in its original version a battlement in about 22 meters high, which led in the 19th century to believe that he had as a fortification served. The visible wall slits for lighting the interior were seen as loopholes . The castle researcher Reinhard Schmitt refuted this view in 1997 by showing that the west building had a level portal and three wide openings to the nave from the start.

Furnishing

Nave

Windows, candlesticks and more

Inside the church building there are Grisailleornamentfenster , the triumphal cross group , three sandstone chandelier and the choir stalls of oak dating from around 1300. The in Lettner and lateral choir screen housed 20 reliefs and 14 sandstone sculptures also represent how the stained glass windows depicting the life of Jesus dar (Passion and Resurrection) and date from the beginning of the 15th century. You will be assigned to a master sculptor from the Parlerschule . The three stained glass windows with the Christian scenes on the north side of the nave were restored in the Royal Institute for Glass Painting in Berlin in 1895 , according to a corresponding inscription.

Two windows with historicizing coats of arms were created at the beginning of the 20th century by Alexander Linnemann and Otto Linnemann from Frankfurt am Main.

The alabaster high grave of Bishop Johann von Wöpelitz is also striking .

Altar, baptism, chapels

The high altar , erected in 1700, is remarkable . Together with the pulpit from 1693, it belongs to the baroque furnishings. The St. Anne's Chapel was built into the south aisle in 1508, and the font was made in 1587. Two-storey chapels have been set up in the eastern end of the choir.

organ

Scholtze organ from 1777

The organ of the Havelberg Cathedral goes back to an instrument that was made in 1777 in the workshop of the organ builder Gottlieb Scholtze (Ruppin). The instrument has 34 stops on two manuals and a pedal .

I main work CD – f 3
1. Principal 16 ′ S.
2. Octava 08th' S.
3. Pointed flute 08th' S, Sk
4th Gedact 08th' S, Sk
5. Octave 04 ′ Sk
6th Gedact 04 ′ Sk
7th Quinta 03 ′ M.
8th. Octave 02 ′ M.
9. Waldflöt 02 ′ Sk
10. Mixture V Sk
11. Cornet III D S, Sk
12. Trumpet 08th' Sk
II Oberwerk CD – f 3
13. Quintathön 16 ′
14th Principal 08th'
15th Reed flute 08th' old
16. Salicional 08th'
17th Octava 04 ′ old
18th Reed flute 04 ′ old
19th Nasat 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′ old
20th Octava 02 ′
21st third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
22nd Quinta 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
23. Sifflöt 01'
24. Mixture IV
25th Crummhorn 08th'
Pedal C – c 1
26th Principal 16 ′ S.
27. Sub bass 16 ′ S.
28. Octave 08th' S.
29 Bass flute 08th' M.
30th Quinta 06 ′ M.
31. Octave 04 ′ S.
32. Mixture V S, Sk
33. Trumpet 16 ′ Sk
34. Trumpet 08th' Sk
Tremolant
S = Scholtze (and older)
M = Marx
Sk = Schuke (after 1949)

The organ is one of only three two-manual Scholtze organs left. A second, currently no longer playable Scholtze organ is located in the St. Laurentius town church in Havelberg.

Enclosure and other buildings

The adjoining monastery buildings house the Catholic Chapel of St. Norbert, the Paradiessaal of the Protestant community and the Prignitz Museum with exhibitions on the history of the cathedral, town and settlement.

The convent building on the east wing, which dates from the second half of the 12th century, should be mentioned as the monastery building of the diocese. It contains the chapter house , the kitchen and a dormitory. On the south wing is the 13th century refurbished building with star vaults and the two-aisled Paradiessal , used as a winter church. The west wing of the monastery ensemble was also built at the end of the 13th century, above its entrance a sandstone relief shows the Adoration of the Kings , made at the beginning of the 15th century. Particularly noteworthy is the former deanery , built southeast of the cathedral choir, a baroque building from 1748. To the north of the cathedral choir is the former provost house . The former cathedral school to the west of the church building, a classicist structure, was built between 1803 and 1815. It is used by the Havelberger Stadtwerke (as of summer 2016).

The certificate prepared in 1170 for the consecration of the cathedral reported on the cathedral hospital . In it, Margrave Otto I signed him half lot . The confirmation of the donation from 1209 by Albrecht II mentioned it for the second and last time. The hospital was outside the cathedral district at the foot of the Bischofsberg and in front of the stone gate . This opened up from the location of the associated Sankt Anna -and- Gertrud - Chapel . The preserved, octagonal, brick erne central building came from the end of the 15th century. After the Reformation was introduced, it served as a cemetery chapel until 1822 , then as a registry office .

literature

in alphabetical order
  • Clemens Bergstedt, Christian Popp (main authors), Ernst Badstübner (archeology and building history), Christa-Maria Jeitner (6.2.2), Antje Reichel (also 9.7): Havelberg. Premonstratensian Cathedral Chapter . In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann , Klaus Neitmann , Winfried Schich and others (eds.): Brandenburgisches Klosterbuch. Handbook of the monasteries, pens and commander by the mid-16th century. Volume I (= Klaus Neitmann on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission and in connection with the Brandenburg State Main Archive [Hrsg.]: Brandenburg Historical Studies . Volume 14). 2 volumes, Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 , pp. 573-592.
  • Friends and sponsors of the Prignitz Museum e. V. (Hrsg.): Glass painting in the Havelberg Cathedral . Edition Stekofoto, Halle an der Saale 1996, ISBN 978-3-929330-71-7 .
  • Leonhard Helten (ed.): The Havelberger cathedral building and its charisma. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86732-130-3 .
  • Joachim Hoffmann: The medieval building history of the Havelberg cathedral. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86732-120-4 .
  • Claudia Lichte: The staging of a pilgrimage: the rood screen in the Havelberg Cathedral and the Wilsnacker miracle blood . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1990. ISBN 978-3-88462-077-9 .
  • Antje Reichel (text), Janos Stekovics (photographs): The Havelberg Cathedral (= buoy E. Hans Schmuhl in conjunction with Konrad Breitenborn (ed.): Publications of the Dome and Castles Foundation in Saxony-Anhalt . Issue 5). Verlag Janos Stekovics, Dößel 2010, ISBN 978-3-89923-262-2 .
  • Antje Reichel (text), Janos Stekovics (photographs): The Havelberg Cathedral and its medieval rood screen . Ed .: Dome and Castles Foundation in Saxony-Anhalt (= Steko-Kunstführer . No. 44). 2nd, revised and expanded edition, Verlag Janos Stekovics, Dößel 2015, ISBN 978-3-89923-339-1 .
  • Gordon Thalmann: Wilsnack and Havelberg - traces of Bohemian art and architecture around 1400 in the diocese of Havelberg . In: Peter Knüvener, Jan Richter, Kurt Winkler for House of Brandenburg-Prussian History (eds.): Karl IV. - An emperor in Brandenburg . Book for the exhibition of the same name by the House of Brandenburg-Prussian History September 16, 2016 - January 22, 2017. 1st edition, Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-945256-62-6 , pp. 125–129 .
  • Gottfried Wentz : The Diocese of Havelberg (= Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for German History (Hrsg.): Germania Sacra . First Department. The Dioceses of the Church Province of Magdeburg . Second Volume). Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin / Leipzig 1933 ( full text in Germania Sacra Online ).

Web links

Commons : St. Marien (Havelberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joachim Hoffmann: The medieval building history of the Havelberg Cathedral , Berlin 2012, p. 13 ff.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Georg Piltz: Art guide through the GDR . Urania-Verlag Leipzig - Jena - Berlin. 4th edition 1973; P. 193 ff.
  3. ↑ Reinhard Schmitt: On the west building of the Havelberg Cathedral - keep, defense tower or church tower? In: Castles and Palaces in Saxony-Anhalt , Volume 6, Halle / Saale 1997, p. 6 ff.
  4. ^ Ingrid Schulze: Bohemian influence in sculpture in the late 14th and 15th centuries in Barby and Havelberg. In: Friedrich Möbius and Ernst Schubert: Sculpture of the Middle Ages. Function and shape . Weimar 1987, pp. 255-279.
  5. ↑ Information on the history of the Scholtze organ  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / kulturportal.maerkischeallgemeine.de  
  6. ^ Clemens Bergstedt, Christian Popp: Havelberg. Premonstratensian Cathedral Chapter . In: Brandenburg monastery book. Volume I . Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 , 5. Religious and spiritual work. 5.2 Spiritual activity. 5.2.5 Charitable services, p. 578.
  7. ^ Ernst Badstübner, Antje Reichel: Havelberg. Premonstratensian Cathedral Chapter . In: Brandenburg monastery book. Volume I . Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 , 6 History of architecture and art. 6.1 Structure of the monastery complex, pp. 579–581.

Coordinates: 52 ° 49 ′ 36 ″  N , 12 ° 4 ′ 44 ″  E