Intel Atom

Intel Atom
Production:	since 2008
Producer:	Intel
Processor clock:	800 MHz to 2.56 GHz
FSB cycle:	100 MHz to 166 MHz
L2 cache size:	512 KiB to 4 MiB
Instruction set :	x86 / IA-32 , partly  Intel 64
Microarchitecture :	Intel Atom microarchitecture
Base:	µFCBGA
Names of the processor cores: Silverthorne Diamondville Pineview Lincroft Cedarview Goldmont

Intel Atom is the brand name of a number of microprocessors and single-chip systems (English. Systems-on-Chip , SoCs ), which are developed by the company Intel for use in particularly inexpensive and energy-saving systems. Products under this brand name were first presented in 2008. Intel Atom processors and SoCs use an x86 instruction set , which was supplemented by an x64 instruction set from the Diamondville generation . Typical areas of application for Intel Atom processors and SoCs are subnotebooks , mobile internet devices , tablet computers , netbooks , smartphones and infotainment systems in automobiles, but also inexpensive server solutions and nettops . The models of the Intel Atom family mainly compete with the AMD products of the Bobcat and Jaguar series as well as with various one-chip systems based on the ARM architecture .

Product generations

Silverthorne

The first generation of the Intel Atom is marketed under the name Atom Z500 series , internally this single core processor is called Silverthorne . These processors are manufactured in a 45 nm process and have a 512 KiB L2 cache . They support Hyper-Threading and Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE commands) up to SSSE3 . The processor was presented on April 2nd, 2008 at the Intel Developer Forum in Shanghai. Main areas of application for Silverthorne processors are z. B. mobile computers and embedded PCs .

Diamondville

Old Intel Atom logo

Diamondville was introduced in June 2008 as processors for installation in netbooks and nettops . Technically, they hardly differ from the Silverthorne. The desktop versions (Atom 230 and Atom 330) lack the SpeedStep energy-saving technology, but they are the first Atom processors that can execute the Intel 64 instruction set.

Pine Trail

The Pine Trail platform was presented on December 21, 2009 as the successor to Diamondville . The biggest difference to the predecessor is the graphics processor and memory controller being integrated into the processor core , which further reduces the space requirement and power consumption of the overall system. The code name for the processors of the Pine Trail platform is Pineview.

Oak Trail

With Oak Trail, a chip combination from Atom Z600 alias Lincroft in combination with a special Southbridge called Whitney Point , the successor to Pine Trail came from 2011 . Unlike the Platform Controller Hub (PCH) MP20 alias Langwell provided by Moorestown , Whitney Point is also suitable for "normal" operating systems such as Windows or previous Linux versions that require a BIOS or EFI to boot. The PowerVR graphics of the Oak Trail should be suitable for HD video up to full HD format. The Oak Trail platform should preferably be used in tablet PCs because of its low power consumption . The Z670, presented at an Intel Developer Forum 2011, reaches a maximum of 1.5 GHz, and there is also the even slower version Z650 with 1.2 GHz. Both should be suitable for fanless cooled tablets or netbooks.

Cedar Trail

In September 2011 Intel presented the first 32 nm atoms (Cedarview / Cedar Trail ). The first devices with this chip generation appeared at the end of 2011, but because of driver problems they used an additional graphics chip instead of the built-in one.

Bay Trail

In 2013, Intel announced one-chip systems under the code name Bay Trail , which are manufactured in the 22 nm technology node with tri-gate transistors. They contain two or four CPU cores that implement the Silvermont generation of micro- architecture. The Bay Trail models intended for use in tablets appeared under the brand name “Atom” in the Z3XXX series. For use in notebooks, Intel released Bay Trail models under the brand names " Celeron " and " Pentium " in the NXXXX model series. The “Pentium A1020” model is also intended for notebook designs. For use in stationary PCs, Intel released Bay Trail models under the brand names "Celeron" and "Pentium" in the JXXXX series. Bay Trail models for use in embedded systems appeared in the “Atom E38XX” product line . With Silvermont the out-of-order execution was realized for the first time in products of the “Atom” brand.

Sofia

On March 2, 2015, Intel introduced the "Atom x3" product line, previously announced under the code name SoFIA . "Atom x3" stands for three inexpensive SoC models with two or four CPU cores that are to be used in smartphones and tablets. For this purpose, purchased UMTS - or LTE - cellular modems integrated. The integrated GPUs come from the Mali range from ARM . The CPU cores implement Intel's Silvermont generation of micro -architecture . The SoCs are manufactured in a 28 nm process by the contract manufacturer TSMC .

Braswell and Cherry Trail

In March 2015, Intel introduced the Braswell SoC generation . The code name Braswell stands for SoCs that are equipped with dual and quad-core CPUs and are manufactured in 14 nm technology nodes . Their TDP is given by the manufacturer as 4.0–6.5 W. Most models support a maximum clock rate> 2 GHz and are offered under the brand names "Celeron" and "Pentium" in the model series J3XXX and N3XXX. They are intended for use in netbooks, ultrabooks and microservers. For use in embedded systems there is the “Atom x5-E8000” model with a TDP of 5 W and four CPU cores that are clocked at up to 2 GHz.

Also in the first quarter of 2015, Intel presented the first SoC models of the Cherry Trail generation . The code name Cherry Trail stands for SoCs that are equipped with quad-core CPUs and manufactured in 14 nm technology nodes . The maximum clock rate of the different models is between 1.84 and 2.56 GHz. Cherry Trails are intended for use in tablets and are offered under the brand name “Atom” in the x5-Z8XXX and x7-Z8XXX product lines.

"Airmont" is used as the micro-architecture of the CPU cores, see also Intel Atom micro-architecture .

The use of the Intel HD Graphics integrated in the processor is also new in the Atom series. This generation was introduced in 2015 and 2016. After Intel still failed to enter the smartphone market with the Atom processors in 2015, they are now concentrating on larger device classes and are therefore integrating more functions from the desktop and even server area such as the virtualization extensions Intel Virtualization Technology ( VT-x) .

Apollo Lake

In August 2016, Intel introduced the Apollo Lake SoC generation . Apollo Lake is based on CPU cores of the Goldmont generation. The Atom x5-E3930 and -E3940 and the Atom x7-E3950 were released under the brand name Atom for use in embedded systems. Intel markets other CPUs of the Apollo Lake architecture under the brands "Celeron" and "Pentium Silver". From the successor architecture "Gemini Lake", which is based on the CPU core architecture "Goldmont Plus", no CPUs have been released under the brand "Atom".

Power saving mechanisms

Some of the Atom processors have particularly effective energy-saving mechanisms that can further reduce the very low power consumption when idling. In addition to the Speedstep , which is now common with practically all processors, there is another economy mode when completely inactive.

In future products based on the Silvermont processor core, there will be another power-saving mode in which the data is retained in the level 2 cache, which accelerates the entry and exit from and into the energy-saving mode and thus saves even more power.

Chipsets

Mainly for reasons of cost, the Intel 945GC chipset was provided for the Nettop Atoms (Atom 230 and 330) . This chipset requires considerably more energy than the processor itself. A typical Atom 230 system with this chipset consumes about 25 W when idling and about 35 W when fully loaded. In addition, the performance of the graphics unit used here is very limited; the display of Blu-ray films or the use of modern 3D games is simply impossible.

However, Nvidia offers the ION platform as a counterpart , in whose 9400 chipset a corresponding Geforce graphics unit including HD acceleration is integrated.

The netbook Atom N270 is used in conjunction with the Intel 945GSE mobile chipset, which reduces the power requirement by around 10 W (in both cases) compared to the other variants. The N280 is used in conjunction with the 945GSE mobile chipset or the Intel GN40. The power requirement is around 8 watts with the 945GSE chipset or 16 watts with the GN40 chipset. Alternatively, an economical chipset called “Poulsbo” or “US15W”, specially developed for the Silverthorne Atom, is used. This includes the GMA500 graphics unit, which comes from PowerVR Technologies . The GMA500 is technically not related to the normal Intel GMAs and also requires its own driver , which is only available for Windows XP . Although it is able to accelerate HD videos, the 3D performance is even lower than that of the GMA950.

All Atom CPUs are offered in 441- or 437-ball µFCBGA and are soldered directly onto the board by the board manufacturers. A subsequent processor exchange is therefore excluded.

There is a completely new chipset for Pine Trail called "Tigerpoint NM10", which is technically only a southbridge . The graphics unit and the memory controller are now part of the processor.

Model data

Silverthorne (Atom-Z-500 series)

Intel Atom CPU Z520

• Single core
• Silverthorne core in C0 stepping
• L2 cache: 512 KiB
• MMX , SSE , SSE2 , SSE3 , SSSE3 , XD-Bit , partly Intel VT , partly Hyper-Threading , Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST)
• No support for: Intel 64 , SSE4
• Package: depending on the model 437-Ball-µFCBGA (FCBGA437, 22 mm × 22 mm) or 441-Ball-FCBGA8 USFF (PBGA441, 13 × 14 mm)
• Manufacturing technology: 45 nm
• Die size: 25 mm²

model	SPEC code	FSB (MHz)	Clock rate (MHz)	multiplier	TDP	Intel VT	HTT	operating temperatur	base	Published
Atom Z500	SLB6Q	100	0800	08 ×	0.65 W	No	Yes	−00 to +70 ° C	PBGA441	2008-04
Atom Z510	SLB2C		1100	11 ×	2 w		No		PBGA441	2008-04
Atom Z510P	SLGPQ		1100	11 ×	2.2 W		Yes		FCBGA437	2009-03
Atom Z510PT	SLGPR		1100	11 ×	2.2 W			−40 to +85 ° C	FCBGA437	2009-03
Atom Z515	SLGMG		1200	12 ×	1.4 W			−00 to +70 ° C	PBGA441	2009-04
Atom Z520	SLB2H	133	1333	10 ×	2.2 W	Yes	Yes		PBGA441	2008-04
Atom Z520PT	SLGPP		1333	10 ×	2.2 W			−40 to +85 ° C	FCBGA437	2009-03
Atom Z530	SLB6P		1600	12 ×	2.2 W			−00 to +70 ° C	PBGA441	2008-04
Atom Z530P	SLGPN		1600	12 ×	2.2 W				FCBGA437	2009-03
Atom Z540	SLB2M		1866	14 ×	2.64 W				PBGA441	2008-04
Atom Z550	SLGPT		2000	15 ×	3 W				PBGA441	2009-04

• In all models, the multiplier drops to 6 × (i.e. 600 or 800 MHz) when idling.
• The TDP drops by about 0.2 W if Hyper-Threading is deactivated.

Diamondville (Atom (N) 200 and 300 series)

Intel Atom CPU 230

Atom 230, Atom 330

• Diamondville core in C0 stepping; Atom 300 series has two dies on one chip package
• MMX, SSE, SSE2 , SSE3 , SSSE3 , Intel 64 , XD-Bit , Hyper-Threading
• No support for: Intel VT , SSE4 , Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST)
• Package: 437-ball µFCBGA, 22 mm × 22 mm
• Operating voltage (V _Core ): 0.9 to 1.1625 V.
• Operating temperature range: 0 to +85.2 ° C
• Manufacturing technology: 45 nm
• Die size: 25.96 mm² per core

model	SPEC code	FSB (MHz)	Clock rate (MHz)	multiplier	L2 cache	TDP	Published
Atom 230	SLB6Z	133	1600	12 ×	512  KiB	4 W	2008-06
Atom 330	SLG9Y	133	1600	12 ×	2 × 512 KiB	8 W.	2008-09

Atom N270, Atom N280

Intel Atom CPU N270

• Single core
• Diamondville core in C0 stepping
• L2 cache: 512 KiB
• MMX, SSE, SSE2 , SSE3 , SSSE3 , XD-Bit , Hyper-Threading , Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST)
• No support for: Intel 64 , Intel VT , SSE4
• Package: 437-ball µFCBGA, 22 mm × 22 mm
• Operating voltage (V _Core ): 0.75 to 1.1 V.
• Manufacturing technology: 45 nm
• Die size: 25.96 mm²

model	SPEC code	FSB (MHz)	Clock rate (MHz)	multiplier	TDP	Published
Atom N270	SLB73	133	1600	12 ×	2.5 W.	2008-06
Atom N280	SLGL9	166	1666	10 ×	2.5 W.	2009-02

Pineview (Atom (N) 400 and 500 series)

Intel Atom CPU N570

• Single-core, with Atom D500 series two dies on one chip package, Atom N550 will be available as dual core from the end of August 2010
• MMX, SSE, SSE2 , SSE3 , SSSE3 , Intel 64 , XD-Bit , Hyper-Threading , EIST (only Nxxx)
• No support for: Intel VT , SSE4
• The models D425 / D525 and N455 / N475 support DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM
• However, the N550 only supports DDR3 SDRAM
• Supported RAM: 2 GB, D-series maximum 4 GB
• Graphics integrated in the processor core, Intel GMA 3150
• Package: 559-ball µFCBGA, 22 mm × 22 mm
• Operating voltage (V _Core ): 0.8 to 1.175 V.
• Manufacturing technology: 45 nm
• Die size: 52-87 mm²

model	SPEC code	Clock rate (MHz)	L2 cache ( KiB )	TDP (W)	EIST	RAM types	Published
Atom D410	SLBMH	1666	512	10	No	DDR2	2010-01
Atom D425	SLBXD	1800	512	10	No	DDR2, DDR3	2010-06
Atom D510	SLBLA	1666	2 × 512	13	No	DDR2	2010-01
Atom D525	SLBXC	1800	2 × 512	13	No	DDR2, DDR3	2010-06
Atom N435		1333	512	5	Yes	DDR2, DDR3	2011-06
Atom N450	SLBMG	1666	512	5.5	Yes	DDR2	2010-01
Atom N455	SLBX9	1666	512	6.5	Yes	DDR2, DDR3	2010-06
Atom N470	SLBMF	1833	512	6.5	Yes	DDR2	2010-03
Atom N475	SLBX5	1833	512	6.5	Yes	DDR2, DDR3	2010-06
Atom N550	SLBXF	1500	2 × 512	8.5	Yes	DDR3	2010-08
Atom N570	SLBXE	1666	2 × 512	8.5	Yes	DDR3	2011-03

Lincroft (Z600 series)

model	SPEC code	Clock rate (MHz)	L2 cache (KiB)	TDP (W)	EIST	RAM type	Published
Z600		1200	512	1.3	Yes	LPDDR1-400	Q2'10
Z615		1600	512	2.2	Yes	DDR2-800	Q2'10
Z625		1900	512	2.2	Yes	DDR2-800	Q2'10
Z650		1200	512	3	Yes	DDR2-800	Q2'11
Z670		1500	512	3	Yes	DDR2-800	Q2'11

Cedarview (Atom D2000 and N2000 series)

• SoCs for desktop computers, notebooks and embedded systems
• Manufacturing technology: 32 nm
• CPU equipment: dual core
• Microarchitecture generation: Saltwell
• MMX, SSE, SSE2 , SSE3 , SSSE3 , Intel 64 , XD-Bit , partially Hyper-Threading , EIST (only N2xxx)
• Supported RAM: 4 GiB
• N2600, N2800, D2550 and D2700 Intel GMA-3650; D2500 Intel GMA-3600
• Support of the graphics card under Linux (Debian, Fedora) through open source PVR-CDV drivers, however interventions in the Linux kernel necessary (status: July 2012)
• Graphics are currently not supported by Intel drivers under Windows 8 (as of March 2016)
• Graphics are currently not supported by Intel drivers for the 64-bit version of Windows 7 (as of March 2016)

model	SPEC code	Clock rate (GHz)	L2 cache (KiB)	TDP (W)	EIST	RAM types	Published
Atom D2500	SR0W0	1.86	2x 512	10	No	DDR3 800/1066	2011-10
Atom D2550	SR0VY	1.86	2x 512	10	No	DDR3 800/1066	2012-03
Atom D2700	SR0D9	2.13	2x 512	10	No	DDR3 800/1066	2011-10
Atom N2600	SR0W2	1.60	2x 512	3.5	Yes	DDR3	2011-10
Atom N2800	SR0W1	1.86	2x 512	6.5	Yes	DDR3	2011-10

Penwell, Cloverview and Cloverview Plus (Atom Z2000 series)

• SoCs for smartphones and tablet computers
• Manufacturing technology: 32 nm
• CPU equipment: single-core or dual-core
• Microarchitecture generation: Saltwell
• MMX, SSE, SSE2 , SSE3 , partly SSSE3 , XD-Bit , Hyper-Threading , EIST
• GPU , memory controller , USB 2.0 host controller and three UART are integrated on the chip
• Base chip for MID platform Medfield

model	Code name	SPEC code	Cores / threads	Clock rate (GHz)	L2 cache	Instruction set extensions	TDP (W)	RAM types	published
Atom Z2420	Penwell		01/2	1.2	512 KB	SSE, SSE2, SSE3		2 × LPDDR2-800	Q1 '13
Atom Z2460		SR0PR (D1), SR0PS (D1)		1.6					Q2 '12
Atom Z2480				2.0					Q3 '12
Atom Z2520	Cloverview Plus		02/4	1.2	001 MB	SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3		2 × LPDDR2-1066	Q2 '13
Atom Z2560				1.6
Atom Z2580				2.0
Atom Z2760	Cloverview			1.8				2 × LPDDR2-800	Q3 '12

Centerton (Atom-S-Series)

• SoCs for servers
• Manufacturing technology: 32 nm
• CPU equipment: dual core
• Microarchitecture generation: Saltwell
• MMX, SSE, SSE2 , SSE3 , SSSE3 , Intel 64 , XD-Bit , Hyper-Threading , Intel VT
• Graphics engine and memory controller on die, 8 PCI-Express 2.0 lanes, supports up to 8GB ECC DDR3-SDRAM and DDR3L-SDRAM 1.35V;

model	SPEC code	Clock rate (GHz)	L2 cache (KiB)	TDP (W)	EIST	RAM types	Published
Atom S1220		1.6	2x 512	8th	No	DDR3-1066	2012-12
Atom S1240		1.6	2x 512	6th	No	DDR3-1066	2012-12
Atom S1260		2.0	2x 512	8.5		DDR3-1066	2012-12

Atom C2000 series

• SoCs for servers (outdated code name: Avoton, model name C2XX0) and communication (outdated code name: Rangeley, model name C2XX8)
• Manufacturing technology: 22 nm
• CPU equipment: dual-core, quad-core or octa-core
• Micro-architecture generation: Silvermont
• MMX, SSE, SSE2 , SSE3 , SSSE3 , SSE4.1 / SSE4.2 , Intel 64 , XD-Bit , Intel VTx with EPT , EIST , AES-NI , PCLMULQDQ , RDRAND , POPCNT
  • partially Intel QuickAssist (only C2X [015] 8) (hardware acceleration for 3DES (ECB, CBC, CTR), AES (ECB, CBC, CTR), DES (ECB, CBC), (A) RC4, NULL, MD5, HMAC- MD5, SHA-1, SHA-224/256/384/512, AES-XCBC for HMAC)
• USB 2.0, SATA2, SATA3 (except C2308 and C2508), UART
• Ethernet: SoC I354 4x 1 or 4x2.5 GbE (only 2x for C2530 and C2730) with VLAN
• Memory controller on die, 4 - 16 PCI-Express 2.0 lanes, supports up to 64GB ECC DDR3-SDRAM and partially DDR3L-SDRAM 1.35V;

model	SPEC code	Cores	Clock rate (GHz)	Intel Turbo Boost max. Single core in GHz	L2 cache (MiB)	TDP (W)	RAM types	Intel QuickAssist	Published
Atom C2308		2	1.25	No	1	6th	DDR3-1333	Yes	Q2'14
Atom C2338		2	1.7	2.0	1	7th	DDR3 (L) -1333	No	Q3'13
Atom C2350		2	1.7	2.0	1	6th	DDR3 (L) -1333	No	Q3'13
Atom C2358		2	1.7	2.0	1	7th	DDR3 (L) -1333	Yes	Q3'13
Atom C2508		4th	1.25	No	2	9.5	DDR3-1333	Yes	Q2'14
Atom C2518		4th	1.7	No	2	13	DDR3 (L) -1333	Yes	Q3'13
Atom C2530		4th	1.7	2.4	2	9	DDR3 (L) -1333	No	Q3'13
Atom C2538		4th	2.4	No	2	15th	DDR3 (L) -1600	No	Q3'13
Atom C2550		4th	2.4	2.6	2	14th	DDR3 (L) -1600	No	Q3'13
Atom C2558		4th	2.4	No	2	15th	DDR3 (L) -1600	Yes	Q3'13
Atom C2718		8th	2.0	No	4th	18th	DDR3 (L) -1333	Yes	Q3'13
Atom C2730		8th	1.7	2.4	4th	12	DDR3 (L) -1600	No	Q3'13
Atom C2738		8th	2.4	No	4th	20th	DDR3 (L) -1600	No	Q3'13
Atom C2750		8th	2.4	2.6	4th	20th	DDR3 (L) -1600	No	Q3'13
Atom C2758		8th	2.4	No	4th	20th	DDR3 (L) -1600	Yes	Q3'13

See also

• List of microprocessors

Individual evidence

1. ^ In-Vehicle Experiences with Automotive Processors
2. ↑ Press release from Intel (PDF; 177 kB)
3. ↑ Allround-PC.com: Intel brings new Atom and shows plans for the future ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , March 8, 2009 
4. ↑ Press release from Intel
5. ↑ https://www.computerbase.de/2009-12/intel-stell-neuen-atom-prozessor-vor/
6. ↑ https://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Atom-Handys-993734.html
7. ↑ https://www.computerbase.de/2008-03/intel-roadmap-nach-silverthorne-kom-lincroft/
8. ↑ https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Fujitsu-blas-Windows-Tablet-mit-Oak-Trail-1194677.html
9. ↑ http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/intel-atom-moorestown-smartphone,2624-10.html
10. ↑ http://www.gamestar.de/hardware/news/chipsaetze/1944116/powervr.html
11. ↑ https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/IDF-Intel-steller-Tablet-Atom-offiziell-vor-1225756.html
12. ↑ Intel brings the first 32 nanometer atoms In: heise online. September 27, 2011.
13. ↑ Mini PCs with the new Atom generation In: heise online. December 8, 2011.
14. ↑ Notebookcheck: New Atom platform Baytrail officially presented
15. ↑ Intel: Bay Trail SoC generation models
16. ↑ Intel: Introducing Intel® Atom ™ x3 (Code-Named “SoFIA”) SoC Processor Series , April 9, 2015.
17. ↑ Marc Sauter: Intel's new Atom-x models offer a thick graphics unit In: golem.de , March 2nd, 2015.
18. ↑ Florian Müssig: Intel lists the first Braswell CPUs In: heise online , March 31, 2015.
19. ↑ Intel: Models of the Braswell SoC generation .
20. ↑ Intel: Models of the Cherry Trail SoC generation .
21. ↑ Mobile CPUs: Intel's Silvermont more energy efficient than ARM? elektroniknet.de May 16, 2013
22. ↑ Interview with Chris Tobias, c't 22/08, p. 128
23. ↑ Article on the atomic presentation at heise.de
24. ↑ Test: Zotac IONITX-A (Nvidia ION) - Intel's Atom learns to fly Computerbase May 12, 2009
25. ↑ http://ark.intel.com/Compare.aspx?ids=46467,42503,43517,43098 , accessed March 10, 2010.
26. ↑ http://ark.intel.com/Product.aspx?id=50154
27. ↑ http://ark.intel.com/ProductCollection.aspx?familyID=29035
28. ↑ Dual-core Atom for netbooks available on Heise News
29. ↑ Intel brings dual core atom with 1.66 GHz to Heise News
30. ↑ Intel Atom product overview
31. ↑ Economical 32-nanometer atoms D2700, D2500, N2800, N2600; c't 22/11, October 10, 2011, page 23
32. ↑ Study on the integration of PVR-CDV drivers from the MeeGo distribution
33. ↑ http://ark.intel.com/de/products/59682
34. ↑ http://ark.intel.com/de/products/65470
35. ↑ http://ark.intel.com/de/products/59683
36. ↑ http://ark.intel.com/de/products/58916
37. ↑ http://ark.intel.com/de/products/58917
38. ↑ c't 02/2013, December 31, 2012, page 18
39. ↑ c't 02/2013, December 31, 2012, page 18

Web links

• Product page for the Intel Atom
• Model overview with links to data sheets (English)
• Insights into Intel's Atom Low Power Architecture - Technical article on elektronikpraxis.de from February 2, 2009