Guardia Costiera
|
Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto |
|
|---|---|
|
|
| Lineup | July 20, 1865 |
| Country | Italy |
| Armed forces | Italian armed forces |
| Armed forces | Marina Militare |
| Branch of service | Coast Guard & a. |
| Strength | 11,000 |
| Insinuation | Italian Ministry of Transport |
| General Command | Viale dell'Arte 16, Rome |
| Patron saint |
Santa barbara (like marine) |
| motto | Omnia vincit animus |
| Colours | Red, white, green |
| General Commander | |
| Vice admiral | Giovanni Pettorino |
The Guardia Costiera is the Italian coast guard based in Rome . It forms the operational, sea-based arm of the Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto (Corps of Port Masters ; Port Offices), which reports to the Ministry of Transport in Rome. The emergency number is 1530 .
tasks
The Capitanerie di Porto - Guardia Costiera is responsible for the following areas:
- Port administration
- Administration of state properties in coastal areas
- Seafarers (administrative tasks)
- Issuing certificates of competency
- Admission and registration of sea vessels
- Safety in shipping (including port state control )
- Operation of navigation systems
- Maritime traffic control and shipping police
- Search and rescue service (emergency number 1530)
- Support in the fight against illegal immigration
- Maritime environmental protection
- Fisheries protection
- Maritime cultural property protection
- Defense substitute and personnel recruitment for the Navy
Italy has a coastline of about 8,100 km. The territorial waters amount to 155,000 km² with a twelve-mile zone. The exclusive economic zone covers a sea area of 350,000 km², in which the coast guard has duties in the area of sea rescue and environmental protection. In sea rescue operations , the Guardia Costiera is supported in particular by helicopters from the Italian Air Force , which is responsible for the operation and coordination of the national air rescue system in accordance with the ICAO guidelines . The main purpose of the Coast Guard aircraft is to detect environmental violations (e.g. cleaning ship's tanks on the high seas). You are also helping to combat illegal immigration.
The Guardia Costiera is not responsible for the surveillance of the customs borders ( water customs ) and also not for the police border protection . These tasks are carried out by the air and sea forces of the Guardia di Finanza , but the Coast Guard regularly supports them in this area. There have been repeated attempts in Italy to To join forces of the Guardia di Finanza of the Guardia Costiera and thus to create a uniform coast guard that would be responsible for all state tasks at sea on the model of the United States Coast Guard or the German Coast Guard coordination network. These attempts have repeatedly failed because of acquisitive thinking and traditionalism. It is also noted that the Guardia di Finanza's maritime forces are larger than those of the Guardia Costiera .
The " Hydrographic Institute " in Genoa is part of the Italian Navy. Some research and survey vessels are also subordinate to this institute. There are u. a. publishes official nautical charts and nautical manuals and is also responsible for news for seafarers .
The Italian police have their own water protection police units, which are mainly deployed on inland waters and near the coast . Other security organizations such as B. the Italian fire brigade have their own boats.
The non-governmental, non-profit Società Nazionale di Salvamento makes a fundamental contribution to the rescue service and first aid near the coast, on beaches and on inland waters .
organization
The Capitanerie di Porto - Guardia Costiera is a military structured organization. It forms a (albeit relatively autonomous) branch of the Italian Navy (the approx. 11,000 members of the coast guard are not counted among the target personnel). The Guardia Costiera is subordinate to the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport , but can be subordinated to the Ministry of Defense or the Navy if necessary .
The organization has military features in the central area. The chief of the coast guard is a vice-admiral ( Ammiraglio Ispettore Capo ) , according to his position he is Comandante Generale . The Comando Generale is a military-style staff that also reports to the important national operations center ( Italian Maritime Rescue Coordination Center ) .
At the territorial level, the Guardia Costiera is divided into:
- 15 “Maritime Directorates” ( Direzione Marittima ) in Genoa , Livorno , Rome , Naples , Reggio Calabria , Olbia , Cagliari , Palermo , Catania , Bari , Pescara , Ancona , Ravenna , Venice and Trieste . As port and coastal section commands, these directorates are usually headed by a flotilla admiral or a sea captain . The operation of large ports is also ensured by public port management companies with the designation Autorità di sistema portuale .
- 55 Port Captain's Offices ( Capitaneria di Porto in the singular) in ports of supraregional importance, usually managed by sea captains or frigate captains . The office in Messina with the additional designation Autorità Marittima dello Stretto has a special status and is responsible for monitoring the Strait of Messina .
- 51 District Offices ( Ufficio Circondariale Marittimo ) in ports of regional importance, usually managed by lieutenant captains .
- 128 local offices ( Ufficio Locale Marittimo ) in tourist and yacht harbors, headed by senior NCOs .
- 61 branch offices or "beach offices" ( Delegazioni di Spiaggia ), usually not on beaches, but at small tourist and fishing ports. They are run by boatmen and are not manned all the time. Monitoring and rescue tasks on beaches are usually carried out by organizations such as the Società Nazionale di Salvamento , especially in the high tourist season .
Traffic control centers or Vessel Traffic Service Center (VTSC) for the management of shipping traffic in sea areas with high traffic or risk potential operates the Coast Guard in Savona , Genoa, La Spezia , La Maddalena , Trapani , Palermo, Messina, Taranto , Brindisi , Bari, Venice and Trieste. 63 AIS base stations enable the General Command and thus the 12 VTSC to record all ships subject to the AIS equipment requirement in Italian waters and beyond in large parts of the Italian SAR region .
Special units and associations are:
- Air force: It consists of around 250 people and has 14 AgustaWestland AW139 helicopters , a Piaggio P.180 liaison and patrol aircraft and three ATR 42 MP patrol aircraft (as of July 2019). Ten Agusta-Bell AB 412 and 14 Piaggio P.166 have been taken out of service in recent years . There are bases in Luni ( La Spezia , headquarters, maintenance and training center), Fontanarossa ( Catania ) and in Pescara . In Decimomannu on Sardinia, the construction of a fourth flying unit began in July 2018.
- Satellite station COSPAS-SARSAT in Bari
- 2 LORAN-C stations in Sella Marina and Lampedusa (out of service)
- 5 diving units in San Benedetto del Tronto , Naples , Messina , Cagliari and Genoa
- 2 branch offices active in the high season on Lake Garda ( Salò ) and Lake Maggiore ( Verbania ), which are administratively subordinate to the port captains' offices in Venice and Genoa
On special needs vehicles to the Coast Guard concentrated in a base or area, and there to a squadron (squadriglia) are combined, which reports to the General Command in Rome or a coast command directly. Because of the refugee crisis in Albania , the 1st Squadron was formed in Vlora in 1991 , which operated there until 1993 as part of the 22º Gruppo navale of the Navy, then from Brindisi until its dissolution in 2000 . Because of the lottery uprising in Albania, the Coast Guard formed the 5th Squadron as a replacement in 1997, which existed there until 2009 as part of the 28º Gruppo navale . For comparable reasons, the 3rd Squadron was in Lampedusa from 1994 to 2001, and the 7th Squadron has been operating from there since 2003. The 6th (deep sea) squadron with larger patrol ships, including the Saettia class and the Dattilo class , which are frequently deployed in the central Mediterranean, is subordinate to a support command in Messina .
The coast guard has around 600 vessels, which are usually subordinate to the port captain's offices or subordinate agencies. Exceptions are the ships that are assigned to the squadrons mentioned or, for example, serve training purposes.
In the field of education, the Coast Guard is based in principle on the training bodies of Marine: Coast Guard officers are at the Academy Naval formed in Livorno, either after the university if already a study civilian in a five-year study at the Naval Academy or in a shorter course, on a University has been completed. The Navy also takes on the first phase of training for NCOs and crews, especially at schools in Taranto and La Maddalena . These training courses are all geared towards the needs of the coast guard and are in part also held there by lecturers from the coast guard. In addition, the Coast Guard has its own advanced training facilities in Livorno (environment and fisheries), Messina (Vessel Traffic Services) and Genoa (operational safety) as well as at Sarzana-Luni Airport. If necessary, members of the navy or other armed forces can transfer to the coast guard and then complete the necessary courses at the facilities mentioned.
Coast Guard uniforms , ranks and insignia are the same as those of the Navy, with the exception of minor details. Officers have the addition (CP) for Capitanerie di Porto after their rank designation , the other ranks are usually assigned to the marine area of application "port helmsman" or Nocchiere di Porto (NP), which is typical for the coast guard , which specialized in over 20 Subdivided areas of responsibility, including aircraft technology and utility service. Until 1973 the organization had its own rank designations, which at different times were partly borrowed from the civil administration, the merchant navy and the land forces, although the respective badges mostly corresponded to those of the navy
history
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The Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto was founded on July 20, 1865 and brought together all the relevant departments of the old Italian states in a new legal and organizational framework. At first it was a predominantly civil organization that also took on some military tasks in support of the navy. In 1915, the Capitanerie di Porto was converted into a purely military organization for war-related reasons and placed under the navy. The Coast Guard retained this military status after 1918 (in this respect they are similar to the Carabinieri ). When, after 1945, the Ministry of the Navy was merged into the new Ministry of Defense, the Coast Guard became part of the Ministry of Commerce . The traditional ties to the navy continued, however, and military support tasks continued. On June 8, 1989, the operational areas of the Capitanierie di Porto received the new name Guardia Costiera , which corresponded to an international trend. Above all, the ships received the new lettering and also the red stripe on the side, which is typical of the coast guard, which in this case was supplemented by a narrow white and green band ( national colors of Italy ). However, this name change did not change anything in the previous substance and in the previous tasks of the coast guard. From various sides there were demands to develop the Capitanerie di Porto with the sea-based parts of the Guardia di Finanza into a real unified national coast guard. This could not be enforced until today. At the end of the 1990s, a merger of the Ministries for Merchant Navy, Transport and Public Works created the new Ministry for Infrastructure and Transport. The Italian Coast Guard is now subordinate to this new ministry. It also works on behalf of other ministries, in particular on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of the Environment.
From October 2013 to October 2014, the coast guard was one of the key players in the Mare Nostrum sea rescue operation .
On July 20, 2015, the Coast Guard celebrated its 150th anniversary.
honors and awards
On the occasion of the 144th anniversary of the existence of the Italian Coast Guard, on July 20, 2009 , the Order of Malta , Jean-Pierre Mazery , the Grand Chancellor of the Order of Malta , awarded the official flag of the Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto - Guardia Costiera the Melite Medal in Gold with Swords of the Order of Merit Merito Melitensi . Over time, the Coast Guard has received a number of other awards.
See also
Web links
- Italian Coast Guard website (Italian, English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Draft law of October 30, 2013 to create a uniform coast guard
- ↑ List of General Commanders on guardiacostiera.gov.it
- ↑ (As of July 2019) Details on guardiacostiera.gov.it
- ↑ Details on the VTSC of the Guardia Costiera
- ↑ Details on guardiacostiera.gov.it
- ↑ List of AB412 Coast Guard on helis.com
- ↑ List of P.166DL3 Coast Guard
- ↑ Presentation of the bases
- ↑ Internet presence of the satellite station
- ↑ Internet presence of the diving units
- ↑ Internet presence of the branch offices
- ↑ Minutes of the meeting of the Defense Committee of the Chamber of Deputies on November 4, 2015, p. 73
- ↑ Reparto Supporto Navale / 6ª Squadriglia
- ↑ Sea vessels on guardiacostiera.gov.it
- ↑ Further and advanced training facilities of the Coast Guard on guardiacostiera.gov.it
- ↑ The legal basis was Law No. 174 of April 16, 1973.
- ↑ Stefano Vignani: Storia delle Capitanerie di porto. June 1, 2015, accessed on August 29, 2018 (Italian, History of the Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto - Guardia Costiera).
- ↑ Award of the Medal of Merit
- ^ List of Coast Guard and Individual Soldier Awards
