Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis

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Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis
Systematics
Department : Firmicutes
Class : Bacilli
Order : Bacillales
Family : Staphylococcaceae
Genre : Jeotgalicoccus
Type : Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis
Scientific name
Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis
Liu et al. 2011

Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis is a species of bacteria . It belongs to the Firmicutes division , for whose representatives a positive Gram test is typical. The GC content of this type is 41.3 mol percent. In contrast to the other Jeotgalicoccus species, this species onlygrowswhen oxygen is present, it is strictly aerobic . It was discovered while studying the microbiological diversity of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea andisolatedfrom a soil sample in the island's intertidal zone . The species name also refers to the site, Nanhai is the Chinese name for the South China Sea.

features

Appearance

The cells of Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis are cocci-shaped , with a diameter of 0.7–1.1  µm . They appear individually, in pairs, in tetrads or in groups. Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis , like all species of the genus , does not form endospores . The species cannot move on its own, so it is not motile . The Gram stain is positive.

On solid culture media , the cells grow into glossy, non-translucent colonies ; on marine agar , they are creamy-white in color. When viewed from above, the colonies are round in shape with a clearly defined border; when viewed from the side, they appear slightly convex. After incubation at 30 ° C for three to four days, the colonies reach a diameter of 1–2 mm. No pigment is produced from the colonies .

Growth and metabolism

Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis is heterotrophic , it does not photosynthesize . The metabolism is obligatory aerobic , i. H. the species can only reproduce when oxygen is present. This represents a deviation from the description of the genus Jeotgalicoccus by Jung-Hoon Yoon et al. (2003), according to which the associated species are facultatively anaerobic , so the generic description has been expanded. Growth takes place at pH values of 5.5–10.5, optimal values ​​are pH 7.0–8.0. The species shows growth in a temperature range of 4 to 45 ° C, the optimal temperature range is 30–35 ° C. The species is halotolerant , a content of 0.5–25.0% sodium chloride (NaCl) in the nutrient medium is tolerated, best growth occurs with a content of 2.0–5.0% NaCl. If no NaCl is present, no growth occurs. With regard to the tolerated sodium chloride content, the species behaves similarly to J. marinus , but in contrast to this it also shows growth at 4 ° C.

Biochemical features, such as the enzymes present and the resulting metabolic properties, can be used in a colorful series to identify J. nanhaiensis . The enzyme catalase is present and the oxidase test is positive. The enzyme urease is not present. It is unable to degrade gelatin through hydrolysis . Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite . Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is not formed, nor are acetoin (negative Voges-Proskauer test ) or indole (negative indole test ). The methyl red sample is also negative.

In the context of chemoorgano-heterotrophic metabolism, J. nanhaiensis can use several organic compounds as a carbon source and utilize them with acid formation, including the monosaccharides D - fructose , D - glucose , D - mannose , L - rhamnose , D - ribose and D among the carbohydrates - Xylose and the disaccharides maltose , sucrose and trehalose . The sugar alcohols glycerin (glycerol) and D - mannitol are also used with acid formation. Carbohydrates that are not broken down with acid formation are, for example, the monosaccharides L - arabinose and D - galactose , the disaccharides cellobiose , lactose and melibiose and the trisaccharides melezitose and raffinose . With the sugar alcohols tested, there is no acid formation with Adonitol , Dulcitol , myo - Inositol , D - Sorbitol and Xylitol .

Chemotaxonomy

As usual for Jeotgalicoccus species, the main menaquinone is MK-7, 85.8% of which occur. In addition, MK-6 is also available at 11.3%. The murein layer in the cell wall contains the diamino acid L - lysine as a diagnostically important amino acid in position 3 of the peptide bridge. The peptidoglycan type is A3α, in addition to lysine, the amino acids glycine and L - alanine are also present. The fatty acids found in the membrane lipids are mainly molecules with an odd number of carbon atoms (C 15 ) and no double bonds ( saturated fatty acids ). These are the branched-chain fatty acids with the abbreviations anteiso -C15: 0 ( anteiso - pentadecanoic acid ) and iso -C15: 0 ( iso- pentadecanoic acid), their proportion is 45.6 and 28.0%, respectively. The lipids in the cell membrane contain diphosphatidylglycerin , phosphoglycerides (phosphatidylglycerin) and an unidentified phospholipid .

The GC content in the DNA of Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis is 41.3 mol percent. The genome has not yet been fully sequenced (as of 2014) . However, the nucleotides of the 16S rRNA, a typical representative of ribosomal RNA for prokaryotes , were determined for phylogenetic studies .

Pathogenicity

So far (as of 2014) is no assignment of jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis by the Biological Agents Ordinance in connection with the TRBA ( Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 466 to a risk group takes place. In TRBA 466 as of April 25, 2012, only the related species Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans , J. pinnipedialis and J. psychrophilus are listed; they are assigned to risk group 1 and are therefore considered to be bacteria “which are unlikely to occur during People cause illness ”( § 3 Biological Agents Ordinance).

Systematics

The species Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis belongs to the family of the Staphylococcaceae in the order of the Bacillales . These regulations belong to the Firmicutes department . J. nanhaiensis was discovered in 2011 by Zhu-Xiang Liu et al. first described . It was discovered during a study of the microbiological diversity of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea . The bacterial strain JSM 077023 was isolated from a soil sample in the intertidal zone of the island. This bacterial strain is the type strain of the species as J. nanhaiensis JSM 077023. It was deposited in the collections of microorganisms in South Korea (as KCTC 13714) and Germany (at the DSMZ as DSM 23006).

The phylogenetic investigation revealed a relationship to the already known species of the genus Jeotgalicoccus . The comparison of the sequences of the 16S rRNA shows a close relationship with J. halotolerans and J. aerolatus (similarity in each case 99.0%), the most distantly related is J. pinnipedialis with a similarity of 93.3%. Furthermore, Liu et al. a. created a phylogenetic tree based on the neighbor joining method . The newly discovered bacterial strain forms its own line together with J. halotolerans and J. aerolatus , as a branch of the group formed by J. psychrophilus and J. coquinae . The classification in the genus Jeotgalicoccus is supported by phenotypic characteristics, for example the composition of the fatty acids in the cell membrane and the occurrence of MK-7 as the main menaquinone. The definition as a separate species is also justified with phenotypic characteristics in which it differs from the other Jeotgalicoccus species, such as B. the growth conditions (see overview ) or the ability to utilize trehalose and glycerine with acid formation. In addition, a DNA-DNA hybridization was carried out with the related species; here, with a similarity of 23 to 37%, the results show sufficient distance to justify the establishment of a separate species.

etymology

The genus name Jeotgalicoccus is derived from the neo-Latin word Jeotgalum and refers to the location of the first described species. It was isolated from Korean fermented seafood Jeotgal . The species name J. nanhaiensis is derived from the Chinese word Nanhai for the South China Sea and refers to the place where the species was found.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Zhu-Xiang Liu, Jun Chen u. a .: Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis sp. nov., isolated from intertidal sediment, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalicoccus. In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. Volume 61, No. 9, September 2011, pp. 2029-2034, ISSN  1466-5034 . doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.022871-0 . PMID 20851914 .
  2. ↑ Jung-Hoon Yoon, Keun-Chul Lee et al. a .: Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus sp. nov., isolated from the traditional Korean fermented seafood jeotgal. In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. Volume 53, No. 2, March 2003, pp. 595-602, doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.02132-0 . ISSN  1466-5026 . PMID 12710632 .
  3. ↑ Yi-Guang Chen, Yu-Qin Zhang and a .: Jeotgalicoccus marinus sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a sea urchin In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. Volume 59, No. 7, June 2009, pp. 1625-1629, ISSN  1466-5026 . doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.002451-0 . PMID 19542134 .
  4. ↑ Jeotgalicoccus sp. JSM 077023 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. In: Nucleotide website of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) . Retrieved April 7, 2014 .
  5. ↑ TRBA (Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 466: Classification of prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) into risk groups. In: Website of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA). April 25, 2012, p. 108 , accessed April 1, 2014 .
  6. ^ A b Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Jeotgalicoccus. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved April 22, 2014 .