kuk Uhlan Regiment "Alexander II. Emperor of Russia" No. 11

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The namesake of the regiment, Tsar Alexander II of Russia

The Austro-Hungarian Uhlan Regiment "Alexander II., Emperor of Russia" No. 11 was a cavalry regiment of the Austro-Hungarian Army within the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces .

The regiment had to use this name since 1855 "forever". Nevertheless, the honorary names were deleted in 1915 without replacement. From then on the association was only called kuk Uhlan Regiment No. 11 (However, this could not be enforced in common parlance, especially since the thrifty kuk military administration had ordered that all existing stamps and forms be used up first.)

Formation history

  • In 1814, after the Italian provinces had been incorporated, parts of the cavalry regiments of the former Italian army (the regiments "del Ré", "della Regina", "Guardi reale", the regiments "cacciatori" - hunters on horseback no. 1, no. 3 and No, 4). Cremona the Chevauxlegers - regiment formed no. 7.
  • In 1851 this regiment was converted into a Uhlan regiment with the number 11.
  • In 1860 this association was reduced to two divisions after the dismissal of the Lombard team, and later increased by a division of the Uhlan Regiment No. 4 .

additions

  • This regiment received its supplement from Lombardy until 1860
  • 1853 from the district of 44 Infantry Regiment ( Milan )
  • 1857–60 from the districts of infantry regiments No. 23, No. 38 and No. 43 ( Lodi , Brescia and Bergamo ).
  • 1860 From then on, the addition was made from Galicia , namely from the districts of infantry regiments No. 9, No. 10, No. 77 ( Przemyśl , Stryj and Sanok )
  • 1867–73 From the districts of infantry regiments No. 9 and No. 77
  • 1873–75 Only from the district of Infantry Regiment No. 9
  • 1876–83 it was complemented by the districts of infantry regiments No. 15 and No. 58 ( Tarnopol and Stanislau )
  • 1883–89 from the districts of infantry regiments No. 9 and No. 58
  • Since 1889 the regiment was recruited from Bohemia and was assigned to the IX. Corps (Military Territorial District Josephstadt ) assigned.

Peace garrisons

Regimental owner

Second owner

  • 1849–56 Lieutenant Field Marshal Carl Freiherr Kreß von Kressenstein
  • 1856–60 Lieutenant Field Marshal August Freiherr von Eynatten
  • 1860–80 Lieutenant Field Marshal Adolph Freiherr von Schönberger

Regimental commanders

  • 1814 Colonel Bartholomew Count Alberti de Poja
  • 1826 Colonel Johann Edler von Ré
  • 1832 Colonel Carl Freiherr von Stürmer
  • 1840 Colonel Adolph, Prince Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • 1847 Colonel Anton Walz
  • 1848 Colonel Wilhelm Graf Montenuovo
  • 1849 Colonel Albert Count Alberti de Poja
  • 1852 Colonel Anatol Freiherr von Leykam
  • 1858 Colonel Victorin Prince of Windisch-Graetz
  • 1861 Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Eduard Graf Wickenburg
  • 1868 Colonel Johann Edler von Pulz
  • 1871 Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Albert Schwarz
  • 1879 Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Ernst von der Wense
  • 1885 Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel August Graf Dillen-Spiering
  • 1888 Colonel Heinrich Polko
  • 1894 Colonel Julius Longard von Longgarde
  • 1900 Lieutenant Colonel Max Freiherr von Falkenstein
  • 1914 Colonel Friedrich Prochaska

Battle calendar

Memorial plaque in the Capuchin Church in Vienna

→ Rule of the Hundred Days

  • 1815 The order to move to the Rhine was no longer carried out.

→ Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire

  • In 1848 the regiment, consisting of Italian-speaking soldiers, was in Hungary and distinguished itself several times for its loyalty and bravery. The delegated 1st Majors Division (Major Kaminski) marched with the Jellacic Corps before Vienna. Here the division rejoined the departments of the regiment that had already arrived and took part in the capture of the city. During the later campaign to Hungary, the 2nd Majors Division was assigned to the Simunich Corps and fought at Nádas and Tyrnau , other divisions at Magyarfalva, Zámoly and Szent-Iván .
  • In 1849 the Oberst-2 fought. Squadron in action near Schemnitz , two squadrons under Colonel Count Montenuovo near Kápolna and Mezö-Kövesd, one squadron near Hatvan. Other divisions fought at Eger- Farmos, Poroszló , Isaszeg (five squadrons), the 2nd Majors Division was in front of Komorn in April (battle at Káty). The regiment took part in the battles on the Rákos and Waitzen . In the summer campaign it took part in both battles off Komorn, the battles at Makó, Vinga and Dreispitz. The regimental commander, Colonel Count Montenuovo, was decorated with the Military Maria Theresa Order .

→ German war

  • In 1866 the regiment was initially assigned to the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Division of the Northern Army with five squadrons. The federation fought in the battle of Königgrätz , a division had previously carried out an outpost battle at Dub .

→ First World War

During the First World War, the cavalry regiments were exposed to a wide variety of uses. Some of them continued to exist in the regimental association, some of them were divided into squadrons by infantry divisions, corps and army staffs as so-called division cavalry . (They provided services there as reconnaissance and reporting riders, as well as security detachments.) Like most of the regiments, however, the Alexander Uhlans soon had to surrender their horses (if they still had any) and were then used by infantry. In 1917 the regiment was transferred from the Russian front to the Italian theater of war.

Whereabouts

After the proclamation of Czechoslovakia as an independent state in October 1918, the soldiers of Czech origin were called on by the interim government to stop the fighting and return home. As a rule, this request was followed by the Czech soldiers. Under constitutional law, this also applied to the German-Bohemian soldiers, since they were now Czechoslovak citizens. The Uhlan Regiment No. 11, however, remained with the flag until the official end of the war and after the armistice concluded under mysterious circumstances with Italy was taken prisoner in South Tyrol. Thus the association was withdrawn from its previous high command, the Austro-Hungarian War Ministry, and could not be demobilized by the latter and, at best, theoretically dissolved. It is not known whether, when and where such a dissolution took place.

Association membership and status 1914

  • IX. Army Corps - 9th Cavalry Brigade
  • Nationalities: 65% Czech - 35% German
  • Regimental languages: Czech and German

Adjustment

  • 1814: white skirt, carmoisine red leveling , white buttons
  • 1850: dark green skirt, carmoisine red leveling, white buttons
  • 1851: carmoisinrote Czapka , dark green Ulanka and pantaloons, scarlet leveling, white buttons
  • 1865: blue Tatarka , light blue ulanka, madder red leveling and boot pants, white buttons
  • 1868: dark blue Tatarka, light blue ulanka, madder red leveling and boot pants, white buttons
  • 1876: cherry red czapka, light blue ulanka, madder red leveling and boot pants, white buttons

structure

A regiment in the Austro-Hungarian cavalry usually consisted of three to four (exceptionally more) divisions (A division was referred to as a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each Division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or 160 riders per squadron.

(With the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , however, the company structure within the cavalry had already been abandoned.)

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
  • the 5th division (if any) was called the 3rd majors division

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.

Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: Kuk Bohemian Dragoon Regiment "Prince of Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )

Footnotes

  1. ↑ according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512

literature

  • Obstlt. Alphons Frhr. v. Wrede: History of the KuK Wehrmacht from 1618 to the end of the XIX century Vienna 1898–1905.
  • Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
  • BM Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Vienna 1999.
  • Allmayer-Beck / Lessing: The Austro-Hungarian Army 1848–1914. Bertelsmann, Munich 1974.
  • Osprey Military. Men-at-arms Series No. 329.