Potash works union Heldrungen
| Potash works union Heldrungen II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| other names | Anna shaft | ||
| Mining technology | Chamber construction | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Union of Heldrungen II | ||
| Employees | to 220 | ||
| Start of operation | 1905 | ||
| End of operation | 1926 | ||
| Successor use | no | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Carnallitite | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 16 '35 " N , 11 ° 14' 38" E | ||
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| Location | Oberheldrungen | ||
| local community | Oberheldrungen | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Kyffhäuserkreis | ||
| country | Free State of Thuringia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | South Harz district | ||
The disused potash mine union Heldrungen II , also known under the name "Anna" shaft , is located immediately south of Oberheldrungen , territorially belonging to the Thuringian Kyffhäuserkreis (see map below).
In 1902 the sinking of the Anna shaft began. It took two years to complete.
Carnallitite was extracted from 1905 onwards. The mining method was the chamber construction method. The thickness of the Staßfurt potash seam fluctuated due to the tectonics of the deposits , reaching over 30 m in places. The extracted salts were processed in the company's own factories, of which ruins are still preserved today (see photos below). In 1924, the Heldrungen II mine was finally shut down in accordance with Section 83a of the Decommissioning Ordinance (for more detailed explanations of the relevant legal provisions: see section “Decommissioning of the potash works”).
Search and exploration work
In 1861 chemical factories in the Staßfurt area, which were described as “unclean”, succeeded in sinking the v. Shafts, originally only for the extraction of rock salt to enrich the weak brine of the Staßfurt saline . d. Heydt / v. Manteuffel to make carnallitic salts available for technical use. It had become possible to dissolve the potassium chloride (KCl) contained in these salts and ultimately to market it as a fertilizer in agriculture . And the discovery of these potash salts - the “ Staßfurter Berggeschrey ” - encouraged Unstrut and Finne to search for such salt deposits .
The brine springs in the near and far, known and also partly used since time immemorial , suggested the presence of salts in the deeper subsurface. An industrialist named Emil Sauer was initially involved in the search for and exploration of potash deposits suitable for mining . With the establishment of the " Kalibohrgesellschaft Heldrungen " in 1897, he began extensive and ultimately successful geological exploratory drilling.
Deep borehole I at Waldschlösschen hit from 364.50 m to 403.35 m, deep borehole II near Harras from 401.65 m to 438.00 m with potassium salts with a potassium chloride content varying between 7.45% and 21.84%. Deep borehole IV developed a carnallite deposit at a depth of 429.50 m to 441.50 m and a hard salt deposit from 442.00 m to 443.90 m . Deep Hole VI intersected 503.00 m to 522.37 m carnallite and 524.74 m to 526.24 m high percentage sylvinite . Deep borehole VII in the Dornbachtal encountered 355.24 m to 403.00 m of potash with a content of 23.82% to 26.98% potassium chlorine. From 396.01 m to 403.15 m and from 407.59 m to 413.00 m high-percentage sylvinite with a content of up to 43% potassium chloride. Deep borehole VIII near Kleinroda opened up a potash deposit with an average content of 21.11% potassium chloride at a depth of 382.20 m to 404.87 m. Deep borehole IX near Burgwend was stopped at 1330 m after reaching the younger rock salt , as the potash salt deposit was only to be expected at 1450 m. Deep borehole XI in Bärenthale encountered about two meters thick Sylvinite salts at 357.50 m. The other holes only encountered rock salt.
The geological and hydrogeological reservoir conditions
The mining field of the Heldrungen II trade union is located on the southwest flank of the Heldrunger saddle. This strikes parallel to the Roßlebener Sattel, which is included in the northeastern part of the Hermandurian plaice. Hydrogeologically, the entire area of the potash shafts on the Unstrut and Finne is characterized by the strong water flow of the Buntsandstein , especially the Rogenstein zones of the Lower Buntsandstein. Inflows of up to 4 m³ / min when sinking the shafts were not uncommon.
The operation of the potash plant
The financial and business situation
Founding:
The " Kalibohrgesellschaft Heldrungen " changed its name on July 18, 1901 into two separate trade unions, Heldrungen I and II, which were entered in the commercial register on June 17, 1904. For the founding of mining companies at that time, the operating form of the so-called " mining law unions" was generally chosen . They were based on the mining awards granted by the responsible upper mining authorities and, as “start-up capital”, had the financial equivalent of the Kuxen granted . If a capital increase was needed later , the trades, i.e. the owners of the Kuxen, were obliged to pay additional fines by a majority resolution of the trade union assembly .
Justice:
The rightful of the union Heldrungen I had a size of 1,098.3182 ha; that of the trade union Heldrungen II one of 2,390,7037 ha. Altogether it was approx. 16 Prussian normal fields (1 normal field = 2,189,000 m²). They were in the districts of Oberheldrungen , Schloss Heldrungen , Harras , Gorsleben , Hemleben , Königlicher Forst Heldrungen, Hauteroda , Cölledaer Küchenhölzer, Hemleben in the Eckartsberga district . Immediately adjacent to these fields were the rights of the works of Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst, Sachsenburg, Irmgard, Walter, Hauterode, Richard and Reichskrone (see map on the right).
Field allocation:
The trade union meeting on February 21, 1907 decided to consolidate twelve fields around the shaft and to enter the potash syndicate with this property . The rest were reserved for the formation of one or two new unions. The entire property, which had previously been registered in the names of the Heldrungen I and II trade unions and the Wernigeroder Bank , was divided into the following as a result of a resolution by the trade union meeting on April 23, 1908:
- Trade union Heldrungen I with 10.98 million m²
- Heldrungen II trade union with 23.90 million m²
- Walter union with 44.21 million m²
- Sachsenburg union with 29.02 million m²
This separation was approved by the Oberbergamt Halle.
The southern part of the field was later separated from the Walter union and transferred to the Irmgard union. Furthermore, the fields of the Hauteroda union were separated from the fields of the Sachsenburg union.
Ultimately, the following five unions existed:
- Heldrungen I with 1,098.3182 ha in the Reinsdorf and Gehofen districts .
- Heldrungen II with 2,390.7037 ha in the districts of Bretleben , Reinsdorf , Gehofen , Nausitz , Donndorf and Oberheldrungen .
- Walter with 2,210.7145 ha in the districts of Oberheldrungen and Bretleben .
- Sachsenburg with 1,516.4437 ha in the districts of Oberheldrungen , Heldrungen and Sachsenburg .
- Hauteroda with 1,386.2496 ha.
The Heldrungen I union had neither a mine nor any daytime facilities, but it was with the Heldrungen II union through an interest group agreement, according to which each of the two unions has a non-material half of the assets and liabilities , with the exception of the mining fair accounts, as well as the profit and loss , closely related.
Number of Kuxe :
1,000 pieces, for each of the two unions. 251 Kuxe each of the two unions were owned by Deutsche Kaliwerke A.-G. and 250 Kuxe each owned by Hedwigsburg before the later transfer of ownership to Kali-Industrie A.-G. Furthermore, the Heldrungen II union owned all 1,000 Kuxe of the Sachsenburg union and therefore the Hauteroda field (see map above). It was also involved in the Central German Sprengstoffwerke Goslar with 8,500 gold marks.
Interest and operating community : This existed with the Irmgard and Walter unions. The trade union assembly of August 1921 instructed the mine management to enter into a 50-year joint venture with the Irmgard and Walter unions. The administration of this community consisted of three members, of whom each union appointed one member. Heroes I and II were regarded as a unit. The member appointed by Heldrungen chaired the meeting. The aim of the contract was complete economic equality between the three unions. Each union contributed 1/3 of the profit and loss, but in order to compensate for the economic situation of the three unions, Walter collected 500 marks per Kux and Irmgard 1,000 marks per Kux. This happened on October 1, 1921. According to the resolution of the trade union meeting on December 17, 1924, this joint venture was dissolved.
Statistical figures from 1907 to 1914:
In the statistical yearbook 1907 the postal address of the trade unions Heldrungen I and II Wernigerode a. H., Burgstrasse 32/34. But in the following year it is Oberheldrungen.
- 1907: Chairman of the mine board: for Heldrungen I: Government councilor a. D. Keßler in Wernigerode. For Heldrungen II: Bank director Holfelder in Röschenrode near Wernigerode. Management: Director Schönfeld and Director Dr. Grimm in Oberheldrungen. Number of shafts: currently 1 (production unknown). Processing plants: raw salt mill, potassium chlorine factory.
- 1908 and 1909: Chairman of the Mine Board : for Heldrungen I: Mine owner Emil Sauer in Berlin, Deputy Chairman: Bank Director Karl Holfelder in Röschenrode near Wernigerode. For Heldrungen II: like Heldrungen I. Management: Bergwerksdirektor Franke, Dr. Sundmacher and Jacobeit in Oberheldrungen. Number of shafts: currently 1. Processing plants: raw salt mill, chlorinated potassium factory.
- 1910: Board member Heldrungen I: Emil Sauer in Berlin, chairman. Dr. jur. Emil Müller, Berlin, deputy chairman; Heinrich Lapp, Aschersleben, Gustav Küpper, Grafenberg-Düsseldorf. Board member Heldrungen II: Emil Sauer in Berlin, chairman; Deputy Chairman: Dr. jur. Emil Müller, Berlin; Dr. Albert Forke, Wernigerode a. H.; Heinrich Lapp, Aschersleben; Director Hohlfelder, Wernigerode a. H. Management: Mine Director Franke, Dr. Sundmacher and Jacobeit in Oberheldrungen. Number of slots: currently 1 slot. Processing plants : raw salt mill, potassium chlorine factory. Member of the Potash Council .
- 1911: as 1910. Furthermore: plant manager for Heldrungen II: driving Steiger Wegbrod. The Heldrungen I trade union cut off part of its fields and formed a new "Walter" trade union. This sinks a shaft near Hauteroda. Depth currently about 150 m. Opencast structures are being built. Electric power from Heldrungen II. Operations manager for Walter: Obersteiger Klaube.
- 1912: Board member Heldrungen II: Emil Sauer, Berlin, chairman. Dr. Albert Forke, Wernigerode a. H.; Director Hohlfelder, Wernigerode a. H.; Heinrich Lapp, Aschersleben. Operations management: Mine director Franke, Dr. Sundmacher and Jacobeit in Oberheldrungen. Number of shafts: currently 1. Processing plants : raw salt mill, chlorinated potassium factory. Manager for Heldrungen II: Obersteiger Krämer. Member of the Potash Council.
- 1913: As in 1912. Furthermore: The connecting line to the Walter shaft is in operation. New operator: Obersteiger Lindemann. Workforce: 220 men.
- 1914: Board of Directors: Emil Sauer, Berlin, Chairman. Administration: Directors Bergassessor Dr. Lohmann; Dipl.-Ing. Knight; Jacobeit in Oberheldrungen. 1 bay. The link after the shafts Walter is in 1914 durchschlägig be. Workforce: 220 men.
The shaft construction
“The construction of the shaft for the Heldrungen II (“ Anna ”) union was decided by a union meeting held on January 20, 1902 and scheduled for Oberheldrungen. On June 14, 1904, it had reached a depth of 324 m and was standing in the rock salt at 322 m. At the end of 1904 it was sunk to a depth of 440 m and secured by a permanent extension , partly in masonry and partly by tubbing . In 1905 and 1906 it was completed to a depth of 491 m; excavation levels were set at 430 m and 480 m depth . The two-shaft issue for the Heldrungen II potash plant was to be resolved by making the shaft with that of the Walter union, separated from Heldrungen I, through. ”[ Slotta et al. ]
The Anna shaft had a final depth of 491.57 m. The height of the hanging lawn bench above sea level is +160.84 m. The first level (430 m level) was hit at −269.256 m above sea level, the second level (480 m level) at −319.409 m above sea level. Directly from the bypass route of the Anna shaft, the planned connection route to the Walter shaft was driven about 340 m in an easterly direction. It was planned that it should reach the Walter shaft at 2,297 m.
Removal and installation, dismantling and relocation processes
“At the beginning of September 1907 there was a water or caustic ingress on the upper level , which increased to 2.5 m³ / min, then to 500 l, 400 l, 350 l, 270 l, 180 l, 110 l and 90 l l / min decreased. The cause of the inflows could not be determined. They came from the highest point of the 430 m level, and mining on this level had to be completely abandoned as too dangerous. In order to secure this base, the offset work was completed at an accelerated pace. In order to be able to dig up the caustic solutions that were clogging in the ridge more cheaply, it was decided to install a pump with an electric drive, and the operation was relocated to the 480 m level. At that time, 20 ridges were prepared and shot below. The average thickness of the carnallite camp was 25 m in the east field and 12 m in the west field. The quantities of hard salt encountered were too small for mining to be worthwhile. For this reason, a die was sunk on the 480 m level in the lying rock salt section 530 m east of the main crosscourse in order to examine the deposit for hard salts. At a depth of 265 m a transverse location was set up and driven, whereby besides carnallite a 1 m thick hard salt was also passed. ”[ Slotta et al. ] There is no precise information about the type and quantity of the backfill material introduced. Thus, the pit cavity that remained open at the time the mine was shut down cannot be quantified.
Manufacturing processing
The newly built potassium chloride factory had started working in December 1905. The concession , the granting of which initially encountered difficulties due to the sewage issue , was finally granted in 1904. The union had the right to drain the wastewater from 3,000 quintals of carnallite processing daily into the Unstrut and also to process any other potash salts without draining the final liquor. In August 1907, after the factories had been expanded, an application was made to the royal government to allow a larger runoff of lye into the Unstrut. The concession had been improved to the extent that the hardening limit of the Unstrutwaters was increased from 37.5 degrees to 50 degrees. The union also owned a salt mill, boiler house, kaue , and housing for officials and workers. A potash magnesium , a kieserite and a sulphate factory were put into operation at the beginning of 1909. The concession to build a bromine factory was granted in February 1909.
The closure of the plant
At the beginning of the 20th century, drilling activities in Germany to search for potash salt and hard coal experienced a real boom . In order to prevent the proliferation of new potash works (as well as coal mines) and thus overproduction, the Prussian state parliament decided at the request of MP Karl von Gamp-Massaunen u. a. the " Law, regarding the amendment of the General Mining Act of June 24, 1865/1892, of July 5, 1905 (GBS 265) ", referred to as Lex Gamp . It initially led to a temporary ban on speculation of potash salts and hard coal for two years. This meant that only the state could acquire mining property. The latter was able to transfer it to third parties in the form of a time-limited real extraction right. The Lex Gamp was the beginning of further state interventions to avoid the formation of monopoly up to the regulation of prices and the overproduction caused by the excessive increase of potash mines. The latter was also served by the so-called decommissioning ordinance of October 22, 1921 (" Ordinance on the amendment of the regulations for the implementation of the law on regulating the potash industry of July 18, 1919" (Reichs-Gesetzbl. P. 663) ).
In § 83a of this regulation it is stated:
“ A change in the conditions that are decisive for the assessment will not affect the continued existence and the amount of participation in those plants until December 31, 1953, which will be voluntarily shut down up to this point in time. An irrevocable declaration to this effect must be submitted to the potash inspection office by April 1, 1923 (extended to December 31, 1926). Taking into account the economic circumstances, in particular the salt reserves, this determines the point in time by which the shutdown must be carried out; an extension of this period beyond April 1, 1924 is not permitted. A shutdown within the meaning of this paragraph requires that any extraction of usable minerals from the shutdown shaft ceases. Exceptions can only be made by the Reich Minister of Economics after hearing the Reichskalirate and the potash testing office. "
In 1924, the potash inspection agency granted the Heldrungen II union, on its application for closure of December 31, 1923, a participation figure of 77.5% of the average participation.
Current condition
After 1945 the mine was declared property of the people ; In 1953 it was taken over by VEB Kaliwerk " Heinrich Rau " Roßleben in legal ownership. With the issue of the GDR's safekeeping order of October 10, 1971 (GDR GBl. II No. 73), the Halle District Council was responsible for a large number of old potash pits, so-called “pits of old mining without legal successors ”; thus also for shaft Anna. The condition of the shaft area in 1978, on the occasion of investigation work on the shaft, is shown in the following photos:
Remnants of the foundations of the daytime facilities
Former engine shed
Overview of the shaft area
Investigation work on the shaft
View of the Oberheldrungen location
Debris pile at the Heldrungen II (Anna) shaft in 2010.
Manhole cover of the old potash pit Heldrungen II (Anna) in 2010.
With the accession of the GDR to the scope of the Basic Law , these disused shafts were also regarded as " disused facilities of a mining operation for which a legal successor does not exist or can no longer be determined ". Instead of the councils of the districts, the respective state governments acted until the relevant regulatory authority regulations were issued (Thuringian law on ensuring public safety and order in objects of old mining and in underground cavities (" Thuringian Old Mining and Underground Cavities Act - ThürABbUHG" from 23. May 2001 (published in ThürGVBl No. 4 of May 31, 2001, p. 41) as amended by the " Amendment by the Thuringian Law on the Adaptation of Authorities Designations " in the mining administration of December 3, 2002 (GVBl p. 430, 431)) ) a.
Thus, up to now this decommissioned mine has been the responsibility of the Thuringian State Mining Office with regard to the duty of care for the purpose of averting danger (see also “Guide to safekeeping day shafts”). In order to ensure public safety , the Thuringia I and II shafts have now been stored and secured by a cover (see photos above). The shaft areas are secured against unauthorized entry by means of a chain link fence.
Bibliography
- Slotta, R. et al. (Collective of authors): "Kali im Südharz-Unstrut-Revier" , publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum, No. 116, Bochum 2003, ISBN 3-937203-00-1 .
- J. Mossner (Ed.): "Handbook of the potash mines, salt pans and deep drilling companies" . Finanz-Verlag, Berlin 1936.
- Pinzke, G .: "Reference files regarding the investigation of closed potash mines in the Halle district ". Council of the Schwerin District, Geology Department, 1978, unpublished.
- oV: "Yearbooks of the German Brown Coal, Hard Coal and Potash Industry" . Wilhelm Knapp publisher in Halle / Saale.
- N / A : " Handbook of the potash mines, salt pans and deep drilling companies 1924-25 ". Finanz-Verlag, Berlin.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eckart Frischmuth, Lothar Rudolph: Excursion in the catchment area of the Middle Saale with the tributaries Ilm and Unstrut
- ↑ On the development of mining law in the western part of the Prussian state
- ^ Adolf Arndt: General Mining Law for the Prussian States , p. 284 ( online at the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History )
- ^ Harm Peter Westermann , Dieter Eickmann, Karl-Heinz Gursky : Property law. A textbook , p. 76 ( online in Google book search)
- ^ Yearbook of Public Law of the Present , p. 207 ( online in the Google book search)
- ↑ Order on the safekeeping of underground mining facilities (safekeeping order) (PDF; 48 kB)
- ↑ Thuringian law on the guarantee of public safety and order in objects of the old mining and in underground cavities ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 17 kB)
- ↑ Guide for the safekeeping of day shafts in Thuringia ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 616 kB)
literature
- E. Loock: "Disused shafts - a problem for the potash industry" . Freiberg research books, A 136 series, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
- J. Löffler: "The potash and rock salt deposits of the Zechstein in the GDR. Part III: Saxony-Anhalt" . Freiberg research books C 97 / III, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1962.
