Karbi Anglong

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Karbi Anglong
District কাৰ্বি আংলং জিলা
District map
State Assam
Administrative headquarters : Diphu
Area : 10,434 km²
Residents : 965,280 (2011)
Population density : 93 people / km²
Website : karbianglong.gov.in

Karbi Anglong ( Assamese : কাৰ্বি আংলং Kārbi Āṃlaṃ [ ˈkarbi ˈaŋlɔŋ ]; until 1976 Mikir Hills ) is a district in the Indian state of Assam . The administrative seat is the city of Diphu . Karbi Anglong district is one of the of the so-called tribal peoples ( tribals populated) parts of Assam: More than half of the residents of the district are members of the indigenous population, mainly Karbi , beside Dimasa and Garo . Because of this, Karbi Anglong has the status of an autonomous district.

geography

The Karbi Anglong district was Assam's largest district with an area of ​​10,434 square kilometers. He south comprises the mountain areas of the Brahmaputra plane and consists of two unconnected parts: a larger eastern part consisting of the three circles ( circles ) Diphu, Phuloni and Silonjian and a smaller western part consisting of the circle Donka. The two parts of the district are separated from each other by the Kolong river plains belonging to the Nagaon district , a tributary of the Brahmaputra.

Since the secession of the Zillas Donka (now West Karbi Anglong District) in 2015, the district has an area of ​​7,324 square kilometers.

The entire district is hilly and largely densely forested, with the exception of a few strips of flat land along the rivers. The highest mountain is the Singhason with 1360 meters above sea level. 85 percent of the district area is covered by forests. In and between the valleys of the Kopili , Jamuna and Dhansiri rivers , the height is 75–250 meters. The hills north of Zumding form the watershed between them. It drains north into the Brahmaputra. The largest rivers are the Kopili and Dhansiri. They are fed by the runoffs of the Naga Hills and the Barail Mountain Range.

Karbi Anglong borders the districts of Dima Hasao in the southwest, Nagaon in the west, Golaghat in the east and the state of Nagaland (districts Dimapur and Peren ) in the southeast.

history

The area of ​​the Karbi Anglong district was part of the Kachari kingdom in earlier times . In the 19th century the northern part of the kingdom with today's Karbi Anglong came under the rule of a usurper named Tularam . After his death in 1854, his territory was annexed under the " Doctrine of Lapse " and added to the Nowgong (Nagaon) district. After Indian independence, the area was detached from the Nagaon district in 1951 and merged with parts of the districts of Cachar , Sivasagar (district) , and Khasi and Jaintia Hills to form the United Mikir and North Cachar Hills district. In 1970 this was again divided into the districts of Mikir Hills and North Cachar Hills (since 2010 Dima Hasao ). In 2010 the district of Mikir Hills was renamed Karbi Anglong after the largest ethnic group, the Karbi.

Various separatist organizations are or have been active in the district. The tribesmen of the Karbi in particular want to enforce their autonomy efforts armed. The Karbi Longri North Cachar Hills Liberation Front (KLNLF), which split off in 2004 from the United Peoples Democratic Solidarity (UPDS) , which had existed since 2000 , is one of the most active groups. The Kuki National Front (KNF), sponsored by the Indian government as a counterweight to the NSNC of the Nagas , has existed since 1987 . The All Adivasi National Liberation Army (AANLA) has also been advocating special rights for natives since 2006. None of these groups should have more than 150 members. In 2015, Zilla (County) Donka separated from Karbi Anglong District and became West Karbi Anglong District .

population

Territory status 2011

According to the 2011 census, the Karbi Anglong district has 956,313 inhabitants. With 102 inhabitants per square kilometer, the district is densely populated. The district is predominantly rural. Of the 956,313 residents, 843,347 people (88.19%) live in rural areas and 112,966 people live in urban communities.

The Karbi Anglong district is one of the areas of India that are populated in large numbers by members of the "tribal population" ( scheduled tribes ). They included (2011) 538,738 people (56.33 percent of the district population). There are 44,961 Dalits ( scheduled castes 4.70 percent of the district population) in the district.

The majority of the population is made up of people who were born in the district. Of the residents, 853,395 people (89.24 percent of residents) were born in the district. A total of 32,513 people were born in other Indian states (including 9,645 people in Nagaland, 8,006 people in Bihar, 4,720 people in Uttar Pradesh, 1,992 people in Tripura, 1,738 in Manipur, 1,606 in Meghalaya and 1,417 in West Bengal). Of the 3,739 foreign-born people, 1,772 are from Nepal and 1,307 are from Bangladesh.

Territory status 2019

The district had 660,955 inhabitants in the 2011 census. The population density was 93 people per square kilometer. Of the 660,955 residents, 565,852 people (85.61 percent of the district's population) live in rural areas and 95,103 people in urban communities.

The members of the "tribal population" ( scheduled tribes ) numbered (2011) 345,220 people (52.23 percent of the district population ). There were 2011 33.523 Dalits ( scheduled castes ; 5.07 percent of the district population) in the district.

Population development

As everywhere in India, the population in the Karbi Anglong District has been growing rapidly for decades. The increase in the years 2001–2011 was 17.6 percent (17.58%). In these ten years the population increased by around 143,000 people. The following table illustrates the development:

Significant places

There are only two places in the district with more than 10,000 inhabitants. There are also three other places that are considered cities (notified towns).

District population by gender

As is common in India, the district always had more male than female residents. But until recently, the male surplus was above average, even by Indian standards. Among the youngest residents (151,681 people under 7 years of age), the proportions are 77,428 men (51.05 percent) to 74,253 people (48.95 percent) women.

Distribution of the population by gender in Karbi Anglong District
1961 census 1971 census 1981 census 1991 census 2001 census 2011 census
number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of
TOTAL 225,407 100% 379.310 100% - - 662.723 100% 813.311 100% 956.313 100%
Men 121.040 53.70% 202,347 53.35% - - 347,607 52.45% 422,250 51.92% 490.167 51.26%
Women 104,367 46.30% 176.963 46.65% - - 315.116 47.55% 391.061 48.08% 466.146 48.74%

District population by language

Various Tibetan Burman languages ​​are spoken among the tribal population . The official language is Assamese , the main language of Assam. Karbi is also recognized as an official language, but English is dominant in the administration .

Karbi is the most widely spoken language in the district. However, it is only the majority language in Zilla Silonijan with 53,706 people (58.85 percent of the population). In the other two Zillas, the proportion is 48.77 percent in Phuloni (136,468 people) and 34.60 percent in Diphu (100,282 people).

In addition to Karbi, 42,453 people (14.65 percent of the population) speak Bengali, 24,682 people (8.52 percent of the population) Nepali, 23,117 people (7.98 percent of the population) Assami, 14,265 people (4.92 percent of the population) in the Zilla Diphu Population) Dimasa and 13,591 people (4.69 percent of the population) Hindi. At Zilla Phuloni, 40,970 people (14.64 percent of the population) speak Bengali, 33,551 people (11.99 percent of the population) Bodo / Boro, 24,837 people (8.88 percent of the population) Assami and 10,065 people (3.60 percent of the Population) Hindi. And at the Zilla Silonijan, 11,126 people (12.19 percent of the population) speak Assami, 5,630 people (6.17 percent of the population) Sadan / Sadri, 3,669 people (4.02 percent of the population) Nepali, 2,642 people (2.90 percent) of the population) Bengali, 2,397 people (2.63 percent of the population) Odia / Oriya and 2,113 people (2.32 percent of the population) Rengma.

The most widely spoken languages ​​are shown in the following table:

year Karbi / Mikir Bengali Assami Nepali Bhojpuri Bodo Hindi Garo Dimasa Lalung Sadan / Sadri Kuki Khasi Total
number % number % number % number % number % number % number % number % number % number % number % number % number % number %
2011 437.203 45.72 103,459 10.82 72,926 7.63 51,496 5.38 44,970 4.70 42,994 4.50 33,841 3.54 24,996 2.61 21,764 2.28 17,227 1.80 12,588 1.32 9,177 0.96 7,779 0.81 956.313 100.00%
2011 290,456 43.94 86,065 13.02 59,080 8.94 30,870 4.67 14,347 2.17 39,247 5.94 24,458 3.70 8,066 1.22 17,492 2.65 1,184 0.18 12,572 1.90 9,169 1.39 1,021 0.15 660.955 100.00%
Source: result of the 2011 census; above - area status 2011; below - today's area

Population of the district by confession

A majority of the population is Hindu. Because immigrant Hindi as well as the majority of the Assami, Bengali, Dimasa and Karbi are Hindus. The Hindus are in the majority in all three remaining zillas. The proportions fluctuate between 56.75 percent in the Zilla Silonijan and 92.91 percent in the Zilla Phuloni.

There are significant Christian minorities in all three Zillas. In Zilla Diphu there are 48,150 people (16.61 percent of the population), in Zilla Phuloni 15,637 people (5.59 percent of the population) and in Zilla Silonijan 37,464 people (41.05 percent of the population). The Khasi, Garo and Kuki are Christians. And a minority of around 18 percent of the Karbi too.

In Zilla Diphu there is also a significant Muslim minority with 16,552 people (5.71 percent of the population).

The following table shows the exact religious composition of the population:

year Buddhists Christians Hindus Jainas Muslims Sikhs Other not specified Total
number % number % number % number % number % number % number % number % number %
2011 6,260 0.65 157.789 16.50 766,000 80.10 397 0.04 20,290 2.12 370 0.04 3,568 0.37 1,639 0.17 956.313 100.00%
2011 5,767 0.87 101.251 15.32 531.167 80.36 337 0.05 19,057 2.88 313 0.05 1,741 0.26 1,322 0.20 660.955 100.00%
Source: result of the 2011 census; above - area status 2011; below - today's area

education

Thanks to significant efforts, literacy has risen sharply in recent decades. In urban areas, over 87 percent can read and write. In the countryside, on the other hand, it is only two out of three residents. The strong differences between the sexes and the urban / rural population are typical of Indian conditions.

Literacy in Karbi Anglong District
unit 2011 census
number proportion of
TOTAL 557.214 69.25%
Men 314.253 76.14%
Women 242.961 62.00%
TOTAL CITY 87,104 87.37%
City men 47,039 91.56%
City women 40,065 82.92%
TOTAL COUNTRY 470.110 66.69%
Country men 267.214 73.95%
Country women 202,896 59.05%
Source: 2011 census result

Politics and administration

According to the sixth appendix to the Indian Constitution , which provides special provisions for the tribal areas in the Indian north-eastern federal states, Karbi Anglong has an autonomous status . The district is self-governed by a Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council . It has 30 members, 26 of whom are elected and the remaining four are nominated by the Governor of Assam.

The district was divided into four zillas (circles) at the last census in 2011. Since the western part split off in 2015, there are only three Zillas left.

Population in the Zillas
Diphu Phuloni Silonijan
number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of
TOTAL 289,850 100% 279,848 100% 91,257 100%
Men 150,597 51.96% 141,653 50.62% 46,730 51.21%
Women 139,253 48.04% 138.195 49.38% 44,527 48.79%
city 84.182 29.04% 10,921 3.90% 0 0%
country 205,668 70.96% 268,927 96.10% 91,257 100%

Individual evidence

  1. Karbi Anglong District website: Information on Forest Management of Karbi Anglong District. ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / karbianglong.gov.in
  2. Karbi Anglong District: Census 2011 data
  3. ^ Result of the 2011 census on city population
  4. A - 2 DECADAL VARIATION IN POPULATION SINCE 1901
  5. ^ Result of the 2011 census on city population
  6. ^ District Census Handbook for Karbi Anglong

literature

  • SC Bhatt (Ed.): The Encyclopædic District Gazetteers of India. Volume 10: North-Eastern Zone: Arunachal Pradesh. Assam. Gyan, New Delhi 1997, ISBN 81-212-0556-5 .
  • Monirul Hussain: Tribal Movement for Autonomous State in Assam. In: Economic Political Weekly. Vol. 22, No. 32, Aug 8, 1987, ISSN  0012-9976 . Pp. 1329-1332.

Web links

Commons : Karbi Anglong  - Collection of images, videos and audio files


Coordinates: 25 ° 48 '  N , 93 ° 24'  E