Kurhannoversches Dragoon Regiment "von Ramdohr" (5th Cavalry Regiment)

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Dragoon Regiment & name of owner - 1783: Cavalry Regiment No. 5 - also 5th Cavalry (Dragoon) Regiment

contemporary drawing

Dragoon Regiment von Veltheim (DI) 1760 in the magnificent Gmunden factory
active 1671 to 1803 ( Convention of Artlenburg ), parts later to King's German Legion
Country Hanover Flag of Hanover (1692) .svg
Branch of service dragoon
Former locations Celle , Verden
Origin of the soldiers Nobility and bourgeoisie in Lower Saxony
owner

Franke (1671),
Villers (1691),
Hahn (1708),
Wendt (1716),
von Behr (1748),
J. v. Dachenhausen (1752),
C. v. Dachenhausen (1758),
from Breidenbach (1759),
from Veltheim (1761),
from Ramdohr (1781),
from Bremer (1797)

motto

2. Esk. VIRTUS UNIONE INVICTA
3. Esk. PARCERE SUBJECTIS
4. Esk. VIRTUS ANIMI SUPERAT OMNIA

Tribe list List of the regiments of the Electorate of Brunswick and Lüneburg
Trunk number 1671-1 ( Ticino ) - D I ( Bleckwenn ) - 1783 official: Cavalry Regiment No. 5
march March of the Kurhannoverschen Dragoon Regiment from Ramdohr
Wars & major battles Dutch War , War of Palatinate Succession , War of Spanish Succession , Great Northern War , War of Austrian Succession , Seven Years' War , French Revolutionary Wars -

Enzheim (1674), Saint-Denis (1678), Gran 1685, Blankenheim  (1690), Steenkerke  (1692), Neerlösungen  (1693), Schellenberg (1704), Höchstädt  (1704), Dettingen (1743), Hastenbeck (1757), Krefeld  (1758), Bergen (1759), Minden (1759), Warburg  (1760), Wilhelmsthal (1762), Hondschoote (1793)

Uniform of the Dragoons Regiment von Ramdohr (5th Cavalry Rgt.) Around 1790, adapted to Osprey

The first dragoon regiment of the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg was a cavalry association of the electoral Hanoverian military until 1803.

background

The Kurhannoversche heavy dragoon regiment (D I from 1671/1), from 1781 dragoon regiment "von Ramdohr", from 1783 also called 5th cavalry regiment, was the first and oldest dragoon regiment on the main list of cavalry in the army of the Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg. After the Act of Settlement of 1701, he was King of Great Britain in personal union (establishment of the House of Hanover ). In the cabinet wars of the 18th century and the coalition wars against revolutionary and later Napoleonic France, Kurhannover always stood side by side with the British army, which also had a profound effect on the style of uniformity. The Hanoverian line cavalry consisted mainly of a few heavy cavalry regiments ( Reuters or cuirassiers ) and dragoon regiments. There was also a regiment of grenadiers on horseback and a bodyguard regiment and, from 1764, two light dragoon regiments. The cavalry of the Freikorps and Hussars were among the irregular, light troops.

history

The regiment was established in 1671 as the "Franke Dragoon Regiment" in the Principality of Celle (name after Ticino: Dragoon Regiment D I from 1671/1 from Kurköln). It took part in battles in the Cabinet Wars of the late 17th century, in the Great Northern War , in the Palatinate , Spanish and Austrian Wars of Succession, and in the Seven Years' War . From 1765 it was stationed in Verden and recruited men and officers from the region. Around 1782 to 1790 it was given its own march melody by a composer whose name was not known, the march of the Kurhannoverschen Dragoon Regiment von Ramdohr , which was included in the Prussian army march collection around 1900 .

From 1783, after the merger of the previous eight cavalry regiments into four regiments, in order to enlarge from two to four squadrons per regiment, it was officially called Kavallerie-Rgt. No. 5 (Dragoon), but was simply known by the Verden population as the Ramdohr Dragoon . In the course of its existence it changed its name more frequently after the respective owner, so that a longer serving soldier experienced his regiment under different names:

  • Contemporary biography of Johann Friedrich Müller (* July 22, 1734 † July 22, 1800 in Stotel)
    • 1779: Dragoons ud Rgt. Von Veltheim vd Comp. d. Main m. from Oldenburg
    • 1784: Dragoon and Rgt. D. Mr. General von Ramdohr and Comp. d. Mr. v. Reitzenstein
    • 1786: Dragoons b. 5th Rgt. Cavalry v. Ramdohr Company Hauptmann v. Reitzenstein
    • 1791: Corporal
    • 1800: retired corporal

In 1793, under British pay, the regiment was deployed in the Hanoverian contingent of the German Imperial Army in the First Coalition War under Field Marshal Freytag against the revolutionary troops in the unfortunate battle of Hondschoote (September 8, 1793) and took part in retreat battles in the county of Bentheim . After the Artlenburg Convention of July 5, 1803, it was, like the entire army of the Electorate of Hanover, dissolved without a fight and later not replaced as a traditional association.

Veltheim Regiment, around 1761

Name variants

  • 1671–1691 Dragoon Regiment DI of 1671/1 from Kurköln and Dragoon Regiment from Franke (Fsm. Celle), Lüneburgische Esquadron de Dragons Franck
  • 1691–1708 Villiers Dragoon Regiment, Viller's Dragoons (Lüneburg-Celle), Villars Dragons
  • 1708–1716 Hahn Dragoon Regiment
  • 1716–1745 von Wendt Dragoon Regiment
  • 1748–1752 von Behr Dragoon Regiment
  • 1752-1758 Dragoon Regiment J. Cr. from Dachenhausen
  • 1758–1759 Dachenhausen Dragoon Regiment
  • 1759–1761 Breidenbach Dragoon Regiment
  • 1761–1781 Veltheim Dragoon Regiment, stationed in Verden (Aller) from 1765.
  • 1781–1797 von Ramdohr Dragoon Regiment, with newly assigned number (No. 5):
    • 1781 Dragoon Regiment "General von Ramdohr"
    • 1783 5th Cavalry Regiment Ramdohr Dragoons
    • 1786 5th regiment of Ramdohr, Dragoons
    • 1790 5th Cavalry Regiment Verden
    • 1791 5th Cavalry (Dragoon) Regiment
  • 1797–1803 5th Cavalry Regiment (Verden), from Bremer

Owner of the regiment

Most of the regiment chiefs had previously been in command in other cavalry regiments for many years.

  • 1671–1691 by Franke, also by Franck
  • 1691–1708 ( Major General ) von Villers, leads the Viller cavalry brigade, under Lieutenant General von Bülow, in the battle of Höchstädt . The name should not be confused with the contemporary regiment from the operetta Les dragons de Villars ( The Bell of the Hermit ) by Louis-Aimé Maillart (1817–1871), which is up to mischief in the French village of Villars.
  • 1708–1716 Major General von Hahn
  • 1716–1748 Colonel Wendt , died on March 18, 1748 as a general.
  • 1748–1752 Colonel Gustav Friedrich von Behr , died on November 29, 1752.
  • 1752–1758 Major General Johann Heinrich von Dachenhausen, died in April 1758.
  • 1758–1759 Major General Carl Gustav von Dachenhausen (retired in April 1759), previously commanded as Colonel 1754–1758 the 2A Cavalry Regiment , brother of Johann Heinrich von Dachenhausen.
  • 1759–1761 Major General Georg Carl von Breidenbach (shot in front of Marburg, February 13, 1761). This is probably the Colonel von Breitenbach who led the regiment in the battle of Minden . This formed part of the cavalry in Major-General John Mostyn's brigade under the command of the hesitant Lord Sackville , and did not arrive on the battlefield until the battle was over.
  • 1761–1765 Major General Adrian Friedrich von Veltheim , previously commanded the 4B Cavalry Regiment as Colonel 1759–1761 and died in 1765.
  • 1765–1781 Colonel Carl August von Veltheim , major general from 1768, lieutenant general 1777, died in 1781.
  • 1781–1797 Major General Georg Wilhelm von Ramdohr (before 1780 Major General, 1788 Lieutenant General). On his military career: In the Battle of Minden on August 1, 1759, Major von Ramdohr took over the leadership of the body regiment on horseback after a loss-making attack on a French position. The following report can be found at Schütz von Brandis:

“... South of Malbergen the French had established an entrenched battery of 8 guns, defended by their grenadiers, which had been attacked several times in vain by 4 Hessian grenadier battalions, whereupon our body regiment on horseback (white with yellow and silver; blacks) against them proceeded, but was rejected with great loss. The regiment then retreated sideways to the right, gathered again and attacked two enemy battalions with good success when three enemy squadrons came to their aid and surrounded the regiment, which had to make its way through, with its chief and Colonel von Spörcken wounded horse fell, was captured, and Lieutenant Colonel Du Bois remained; Major von Ramdohr then led the regiment. The attack of the regiment on the battery had, however, caused great confusion among its defenders as to what circumstance two of the Hessian battalions, Grenadier and Hanau, perceived and penetrated into the battery; this battalion of grenadiers was organized as such, not merely composed. Despite the crossfire of the French grenadiers and a rear battery, they stormed on and threw these enemies as well, after which our Cavalry Regiment Hammerstein and Holstein Dragoons rushed to pursue, of which the former particularly pushed the right wing of the main army. A part of the Cavalry of the Corps Broglio came to the aid of the setters, but was routed by those two regiments. The French Marine Regiment of 4 battalions now took up the action with them, but suffered a complete defeat and had to straighten their rifle. In these last battles 10 guns and 2 flags were captured and the French major general Graf Lützelburg was captured by a Reuter of the Hammerstein regiment ... "

  • Body regiment on horseback.

  • The battle of Minden.

  • Reiter-Rgt. Hammerstein.

Association membership

Stationed in 1791, according to CG Wurmb

Participation in combat operations

Dutch War

Turkish War of 1685

  • Invasion of Hungary and participation in the relief of Vienna
  • Battle of Gran 1685, participation in the siege of Nové Zámky / Neu-Häusel

War of the Palatinate Succession from 1688–1697

The First Duke of Marlborough

War of the Spanish Succession

Great Northern War

War of the Austrian Succession

Seven Years War

During the Seven Years' War the regiment took part in the battles near Hastenbeck (1757), Krefeld (1758), Bergen (1759), Minden (1759), Warburg (1760) and Wilhelmsthal (1762).

grenadier
uniform
Leibstandarte
Standard 2nd Squadron
Standard 3rd Squadron
Standard 4th Squadron
  • When Hastenbeck was defeated, the regiment stood with the cavalry of the right wing, alongside the cavalry regiments Hammerstein (two squadrons), grenadiers on horseback (one squadron) and Prince Wilhelm (Hessian, two squadrons). The cavalry as a whole had no real combat experience. Regardless of the excellent equipment, she was tactically drilled in the old German style, which required consistency but also a certain clumsiness. The cavalry received devastating salvos from the enemy during the usual attacks at the trot and stopping to fire. In addition to the mentioned operation on the right wing, the regiment was involved with two squadrons in the opening of the battle near Hameln .
  • Near Krefeld in June 1758 the regiment stood in the left wing together with the cavalry regiments Hammerstein , Grothaus , the Prussian hussar regiment von Ruesch and the Hanoverian hussars of Nicolaus von Luckner as part of the brigade under Lieutenant General Spörcken .
  • In the Battle of Bergen , April 1759, the regiment formed part of the left brigade under the Hessian General von Isenburg . The two squadrons, together with two squadrons of the Hammerstein Cavalry Regiment and the Hessian Prince Wilhelm Cavalry Regiment , covered the flank of the advance of Hanoverian infantry to Bergen. Except for skirmishes, the regiment was not involved in any major combat operation.
  • In the battle of Minden , four squadrons of the regiment, alongside the grenadiers on horseback and the life guard regiment , were under the command of Colonel Carl von Breidenbach and remained largely uninvolved in the victory over the French army.
  • In the Battle of Wilhelmsthal , June 1762, the regiment fought as part of the cavalry corps together with the Leibgarde , Alt-Bremer and Hodenberg regiments .
Fortifications of Bentheim Castle

Coalition wars

Campaign 1793 to 1795, First Coalition War . Deployment of 2 squadrons, combined with 2 squadrons of the 7th Dragoon Regiment, in the 2nd Cavalry Brigade under Major General von Oeynhausen in the Hanoverian contingent (under Field Marshal Freytag ) of the German Reich Army against the French Revolutionary Army advancing from the Weser into Germany

  • Part of the siege corps in front of Valenciennes from May 24th to July 28th 1793.
  • Part of the siege corps at Dunkirk from August 15 to 18, 1793.
  • Defeat by the French army in the battle of Hondschoote (near Herzeele , September 6, 1793).
  • Participation in the Battle of Tournai (near Pont à Chin and Pecq near Tournai ) on May 22, 1794
  • In August 1794, 2 squadrons were part of the Busche Brigade (together with 2 squadrons each from the 2nd and 7th Cavalry Regiments), which together with the Brigade Prinz Ernst ( Life Guard , Reuter Body Regiment , 4th Cavalry Regiment ) formed the cavalry division of Lieutenant General von dem Busche. In October 1794 the regiment was near Nijmegen . When trying to fend off the French who had already penetrated the Duchy of Kleve at Nijmegen on the Waal , with many losses , the Hanoverian dragoons succeeded in destroying an enemy hussar corps on October 19. Nevertheless, the French advance could not be stopped, and the headquarters of the Allied Army under the Duke of York had to retreat to Arnhem .
  • In December 1794 the regiment was stationed in Hengelo and Borne.
  • From March 7, 1795 with the cavalry brigade of Major General von Wurmb, together with the Life Guard Regiment and the 2nd Cavalry Regiment (2 squadrons each)
  • After retreats on March 13, 1795 near Bentheim , remnants of the regiment came as part of the Hanoverian troops under Lieutenant General Hammerstein in 1795 to secure the demarcation line on the Ems to East Friesland, with headquarters in Leer and then in Aurich .
  • In October 1796 the regiment stood together with the 7th regiment ( von Oeynhausen ) in the vanguard of the observation corps under Major General von Wangenheim near Wildeshausen . When the danger of a French invasion of Hanover, Hamburg and Bremen threatened, the regiment was transferred to Hameln . At the beginning of 1798 it marched to Bissendorf to secure the rivers Aller and Leine .
  • June – July 1803 French action against Kurhannover, after minor skirmishes the Hanoverian troops withdraw to the east. On June 4th the regiment was at Soltau . On June 11th, the regiment passed to the eastern bank of the Elbe near Artlenburg. On July 5, without a fight, the 16,000-strong army of Kurhannover under Commander-in-Chief Wallmoden surrendered to General Mortier through the Artlenburg Convention .

uniform

Breidenbach Dragoon Regiment, uniform around 1760 (after Knötel)
Officer and commoner, 5th Dragoon Rgt. around 1791 (after Ronnenberg)

Around 1680 the regiment wore a simple white skirt with red cuffs and a fur hat with a pouch ( Kolpak ) and / or a white or black round hat. Around 1700 introduction of the three-cornered hat and the lower vest in red badge color, skirt without discounts . Red borders were added around 1745, the lower vest was now white. The laps of the lower vest could be tucked in and then showed a red border. At the time of the Seven Years' War, the skirt of all Hanoverian Dragoons had discounts in the respective badge color of the regiment (in contrast to the uniform of the other cavalry regiments, which had no cuffs on the chest). The badge color of the Dragoon Regiment D I was always red, with white piping on the borders, cuffs and buttonholes. The buttons were silver. The lapels and epaulettes were red with no piping. A red armpit cord was attached to the right shoulder flap. The teams' three-cornered hat had no border, but a black cockade . There may have been white tassels in the side corners of the tricorn. Saddlebags and corners of the saddlecloth had the Kurhannoversche, white horse emblem on a red background. The teams were allowed to wear a mustache. The musicians (drummers) wore an ornate skirt in the red badge color with white cuffs and always rode gray horses.

In 1766 the white uniform with the red badges was replaced by a dark blue uniform. The color of the badge changed to white lapels, white borders above and straight below, and white lap lapels. (Colors 1791 according to SCHIRMER, p. 183) The leather goods were all white, the cartridge with a white cover flap hung on a white bandolier over the left shoulder . The saber was attached to the belt. In contrast to the uniform of the heavy riders, dragoons generally had fringed epaulettes made of white / light blue wool from 1768 , and the borders had an additional button on top. The skirt of the 5th Dragoons had silver buttons with regimental numbers. The hat, gradually changing to the bicorn shape, was decorated with silver trim, as were the saddlecloth and the holster. Around 1783 all dragoon regiments had a standing collar in blue coat color with collar tabs in badge color, but around 1791 no collar at all (Reiter Rgt., However, always had a larger collar with 1 button). For the parade, a yellow and white feather trim (national colors of Kurhannover) was tucked into the black hat cockade. The teams were allowed to wear a mustache.

Inclusion in the Prussian army march collection

The regiment, which perished without replacement in 1803, still appears by name on a number of marching music recordings. Around 1782 to 1790, an unknown composer created the march of the Kurhannoverschen Dragoon Regiment von Ramdohr, which was 2 minutes 16 seconds long . After the annexation of Hanover by Prussia after 1866, this found its way into the Prussian Army March Collection of 1900 with other Hanoverian military marches under two categories :

I. Collection: Slow marches for the infantry (presentation marches for infantry)

  • I, 85 March of the Kurhannoverschen Dragoon Regiment von Ramdohr from around 1790, arrang. by Gustav Roßberg

III. Collection of cavalry marches (presentation and parade marches for the mounted troops)

  • III, 102 March of the Kurhannoverschen Dragoon Regiment from Ramdohr, the Rgt. Was in Verden (Aller)

Sound carrier:

  • Marching music at the Brandenburg-Prussian court in historical original line-ups 1685–1823, wind instruments of the Heeresmusikkorps 6, Hamburg. Head: Colonel Johannes Schade. Telefunken, 1967.
  • German army marches and The Great Zapfenstreich - march music rarities on five CDs. Army Music Corps 5, Koblenz / Lieutenant Colonel Heinz Schlueter, guest: Colonel Johannes Schade, Bauer Studios Ludwigsburg.
  • German Army Marches (CD 1 to 5), Army Music Corps 5, Koblenz, EAN code 4012116727838, Bauer Studios, Ludwigsburg 2001.

tradition

In the cathedral grammar school of the garrison town of Verden there is still a memento of the regiment: The garrison town is represented by the seal of the "Von Ramdohr-Dragoons" with the inscription: "Chur (princely) Br (aunschweigisch) Lün (burg) 5th Cav (allerie) Reg (iment) v (on) Ramdohr Drag (oner) "- centered on:" Sachsenross "and Krone. The regiment was stationed in Verden and the surrounding area from 1765 to 1803.

See also

literature

  • Accurate presentation of all electors. Hanöverischen Army for the actual knowledge of the uniform of each regiment: In addition to the attached history, from which news is given of the foundation, the chiefs of the Staercke, and the most important deeds of each regiment. Raspe, Nuremberg 1763 ( uni-halle.de ).
  • Dirk Böttcher: Hannoversches biographical lexicon . Schlueter, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 .
  • Hans Bleckwenn : The Frederician uniforms 1753–1786 . 4 volumes. Dortmund 1984; Volume III: Mounted Troops, ISBN 3-88379-444-9 .
  • Christoph Girtanner: Political Annals , Volume Two. JFUnger, Berlin 1793, pp. 103-104
  • Peter Hofschroer: The Hanoverian Army of the Napoleonic Wars (Men-at-Arms 206). Osprey Publishing 1989, ISBN 978-0-85045-887-9 .
  • Joachim Niemeyer, Georg Ortenburg (ed.): The Hanoverian Army 1780–1803 - The “Gmunden Magnificent Work” Part II. Published on behalf of the German Society for Heereskunde e. V. and the KLIO. Publishing house Bernh. Vogel, Beckum 1981
  • Joachim Niemeyer, Georg Ortenburg (ed.): The Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburg Army in the Seven Years War . In: The “Gmunden magnificent work” . Beckum 1976.
  • Johann Gottlieb Ferdinand Ronnenberg: Illustration of the Chur-Hanoverian army uniforms: a brief history of the. churhannover. Troops . Hanover / Leipzig 1791; Reprint: Schlueter, Hannover 1979
  • L. von Sichart: History of the Royal Hanoverian Army , Volume 3, 1756 to 1789 , 1870, p. 40 ff.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ books.google.de
  2. ↑ ortsfamilienbuecher.de
  3. ^ Schmidt, Georg (1912): The Veltheim family , Chapter 10 , pp. 271-274
  4. ↑ kgl.de
  5. ↑ warflag.com
  6. ↑ Blenheim order of battle in the English language Wikipedia
  7. ↑ retrobibliothek.de
  8. ↑ phpbbserver.com ( Memento of the original from January 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.phpbbserver.com
  9. ↑ cf. Raspe, 1763, text part p. 3
  10. ↑ digam.net
  11. ↑ digam.net  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.digam.net  
  12. ↑ cf. Raspe, 1763, text p. 4
  13. ↑ lexicus.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.lexicus.de  
  14. ↑ kuk-wehrmacht.de ( Memento of the original from February 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kuk-wehrmacht.de
  15. ↑ a b kopset.blogspot.com
  16. ^ Pengel, Hurt: German States in the Seven Years War 1740 to 1762 . Imperial Press
  17. ↑ Christoph Girtanner: Political Annals . books.google.de p. 103, chap. 15 Mixed messages .
  18. ↑ denkmalprojekt.org
  19. ^ Lists of casualties October 1794
  20. ^ Maryland Gazette, Jan. 22, 1795, AMSTERDAM report, Oct. 25
  21. ↑ denkmalprojekt.org
  22. ^ Tileman Dothias Wiarda (1817): East Frisian History: from 1786 to 1806. Verlag Johann Conrad Mäcken d. J. (Leer 1817); P. 177 (Limited preview books.google.de )
  23. ↑ after correspondence between Generals Scharnhorst and Walmoden, 1796–98
  24. ↑ Ruhag.notendatenbank.ch
  25. ↑ domgymnasium.de ( Memento of the original from April 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.domgymnasium.de