Literary and artistic department of the Austrian Lloyd

Literary and artistic department of the Austrian Lloyd
legal form	Corporation
founding	1849
resolution	1928
Reason for dissolution	liquidation
Seat	Trieste , Austria / Austria-Hungary ( Italy [1918–1928])
Branch	Book publishing , printing

The literary and artistic department of the Österreichischer Lloyd was a publishing house with an attached printing house working in Trieste , which started its business activities on June 21, 1849 as a stock corporation with a capital of 50,000 guilders . The "literary-artistic department" formed next to the sections founded in 1833 and 1836 for information procurement about seafaring and trade (I.) and for shipping (II., Steamship company ) the III. Section of the Austrian Lloyd . Its official Italian name was "Terza Sezione Letteraria Artistica del Lloyd Austriaco". The publishing program followed up on the literature previously published by the other two sections and ultimately went far beyond a mere service for the other branches of the Austrian Lloyd. It primarily comprised the edition of a wide range of periodicals, nautical, scientific and technical works, travel guides and literature, classical and fictional literature as well as artistic works by some well-known authors of the time who published mainly in Italian and German.

The company continued its activities after the First World War, when the Austrian Lloyd became the property of the Banca Commerciale Italiana through the acquisition of shares and was renamed Lloyd Triestino in 1921 . It wasn't closed until March 1928; its machines and systems were finally taken over by the Società Editoriale Libraria in Trieste in 1931.

Company history

Part of the letterhead of the editors of the Journal des Österreichischer Lloyd (1847)

Journal des oesterreichischer Lloyd , newspaper head of January 2, 1839

Giornale del Lloyd Austriaco , newspaper head of January 30, 1835

prehistory

Already on January 30, 1835, before the founding of the steam shipping company in 1936, the Austrian Lloyd published an information bulletin for trade and shipping, the Giornale del Lloyd Austriaco di notizie commerciali e marittime , justified. At the end of the same year a German edition followed as the journal of the Austrian Lloyd . The German edition was initially published by Paul Frisch, but his work ended in a scandal. In a treatise in correspondence form at the beginning of 1837, he had meant ironically, but in a rather derogatory tone, the alleged weaknesses of the Trieste citizenship in the Leipziger Zeitung for the elegant world . As a result, he was accused of abuse of hospitality by the Lloyd management and he had to vacate his editorial position in favor of Ignaz Papsch , who was able to distinguish himself extremely well. After Jakob Löwenthal , who followed him, Ernst von Schwarzer took over the editorial management in 1844 , which he relinquished in March 1848 to take over a ministerial office in Vienna. Friedrich von Bodenstedt then edited the paper for a short time. The last issue of Trieste appeared on September 24, 1848, before the economically unsuccessful paper was moved to Vienna on the initiative of Graf Stadion and Karl Ludwig Bruck . After a change in the editorial board, it was supposed to act as a new political mouthpiece close to the government. In the years 1837 and 1838 the trade and maritime reports of the Austrian Lloyd appeared in place of the journal , perhaps an attempt, ultimately unsuccessful, to attract a significantly larger readership with a new name.

After initial considerations for the establishment of a publishing house, which was to provide the various print products of the Lloyd under its own management, had already been ventilated in 1838, the Lloyd commissioned Ignaz Papsch in 1842 with the establishment of a printing company, which was then called I. Papsch & Co. Tipografia del Lloyd - set up with a total cost of 12,000 guilders - became active. It was the publishing house for a large number of periodicals and other printed products, which were then also to become typical of the later publishing activities of the literary-artistic department. Among other things, the official government gazettes of Vienna, Budapest and Trieste as well as the newspaper L'Istria (Istria) published by Pietro Kandler in 1846 and 1847 appeared here .

On January 29, 1848, Papsch's printing license was transferred to Österreichischer Lloyd; the company now operated as Tipografia del Lloyd Austriaco . During this time, Il telegrafo della sera ( The Evening Telegraph , directed by Vincenzo Dal Torso) were founded. In 1849, the production of engraved steel panels was started, which were made on a machine imported from Stuttgart (perhaps by Carl Ludwig Frommel ), unknown in Italy . The printing house now had four departments: a journalistic, a scientific-technical, an artistic and a literary department.

Letter from the management of the 3rd section of the OIL to the historian Agostino Sagredo (March 27, 1857), specifying the parts of the company and the published periodicals

Foundation and business development of the literary-artistic department of the Austrian Lloyd

Finally, the publishing activities that had previously been part of the two existing sections of Lloyd, above all the newspaper companies and the printing company, were spun off and the III. Legally and economically transferred. The steam shipping company of Österreichischer Lloyd took over 26 of the 50 shares of the new company at 1000 guilders each and thus exercised the decisive influence on the further business activities of the AG. The remaining shares were in the hands of Section I. According to Article 1 of its statutes, the business purpose of the spin-off should be “the procurement and publicizing of trade, shipping, industry and the arts, useful news and knowledge, as well as the production and distribution of literary and artistic works”. According to Article 5 of the statutes, the "construction of an artistic company building for metal and wood engraving" was also planned.

The further development of the literary-artistic department went far beyond the originally planned role of merely supplementing the activities of the other two sections in printing and publishing. There were not only nautical or publications on issues of trade and industry, but she also expanded her field of activity to the publishing and printing of classical, fictional and art-historical literature as well as historical and philosophical texts. At the highest level, she also made artistic prints of various genres in steel or wood engraving. In addition, daily newspapers and other periodicals were brought onto the market with more or less economic success.

In 1861 the literary and artistic department of Österreichischer Lloyd compiled its publishing production of over 100 titles, which had been published by January 1861, in a fourteen-page "publishing catalog", which was divided into 3 sections: books and magazines (I), art and portraits (II) as well as maps and plans (III). He also shed light on the publisher's delivery practice, which stipulated a free copy when purchasing 12 identical articles. The "prices [were] given in Austrian currency and Prussian Thalers ".

The entry of Hungary into the parent company after the Austro-Hungarian settlement , which in 1872 became the Lloyd Austro-Ungarico or Austro-Hungarian Lloyd, was reflected primarily in the company name . Until 1891, when Hungary left the joint Lloyd company, there are neither Hungarian-language titles nor translations by Hungarian authors in the previously known publisher's directory.

Book printing

Tergesteum (seat of the printing works)		Planned floor plan of the printing works in the Tergesteum (1842)

Bolletino sanitario dated August 11, 1855

The Tipografia , founded in 1843, was based on the mezzanine floor of the Palazzo del Tergesteo (Tergesteum). There were also the reading rooms of the Lloyd, in which national and international periodicals were displayed. This location was retained even after the rest of the administration of Österreichischer Lloyd moved to the Lloydpalast (Palazzo del Lloyd Austriaco), which was opened in autumn 1883 and designed by Heinrich von Ferstel . The print shop employed around 150 people who worked on 7 high-speed presses and 12 manual presses . The initial printing equipment , which cost 8,500 guilders, was procured from the Prague print shop Haase . In addition, a high-speed press of the latest design was commissioned from Strudthoff in Trieste. On the grounds of the Lloyd Arsenal, the printing company set up a workshop for the production of printing types .

In addition to the publishing products of the III. Section and the diverse business and advertising materials of the I. and II. Lloyd Sections also produced commercial prints for the city of Trieste, such as the Bollettino Sanitario , which was used to provide daily information on the cholera status of Trieste, which is important for passenger shipping.

Photographic studio

Label for photographs of the Lloyd Atelier in the Tergesteum (around 1857)

The first photo studio in Trieste was operated in the Tergesteum from 1857, after it was initially operated by the III. Section under the direction of Wilhelm Friedrich Engel (1824-1891), who immigrated from Frankfurt, was founded in Via dei Forni. Two main business areas were intended for the studio: the recording of views (landscapes, towns, buildings) and genre scenes, on the basis of which the steel engravings for the Lloyd publishing house were then engraved, and the production of portraits.

Books

Writings for the port of Trieste, seafaring and maritime trade as well as the business activities of Österreichischer Lloyd

Annuario Marittimo, title page (1865)		Table of Contents, Part I

With a large number of nautical specialist books, most of which were written in Italian , the official language of Lloyd, the staff of the 2nd section (shipping company) should first be given aids to carry out their duties.

The Almanacco del Lloyd austro-ungarico (after 1892: Almanacco del Lloyd austriaco), with over 300 pages in blue linen cover, was published annually from 1883 to 1905 . a. postal tariffs and currency information six parts, which in addition to the current fleet development of Lloyd and other European shipping companies also various lists, such as the workforce of Lloyd with the names of the employees, and a lot of individual information on all maritime trade and shipping (distances from ports, flagging of ships, etc. .) related questions. As early as 1848 and until 1913, with the exception of 1849, 1851 and 1852, the most important technical publication was the Annuario Marittimo per l'anno (Maritime Yearbook), which also provided a wide range of information on sea ​​trade and shipping.

Manuale del capitano (1855), title page		P. IX, compass rose

For skipper which was released in several editions was Manuale del capitano (Handbook of the captain) was determined. It contained practical rules, examples and tables for calculations in navigation . From 1886 onwards, the publishing house also provided the astronomical-nautical ephemeris published by the astronomical-meteorological observatory of the Imperial and Royal Trade and Nautical Academy in Trieste (Italian from 1887 to 1919 as Effemeridi ) for determining positions in shipping .

Title page of Guastalla's Handbook of Maritime Medicine (1861)

In 1861 Augusto Guastalla dedicated his manual ( Manuale d'igiene e medicina navale ad uso della marina mercantile ) to the requirements of shipping medicine and hygiene in the merchant navy , which served as a handy compendium for ship doctors .

As a German-Italian parallel print, the collection of laws and ordinances relating to maritime and port service in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , which were published by the maritime authorities in Trieste and Fiume, appeared from 1883 , with a first volume of a systematically organized collection of decrees and ordinances since the navigation edict of April 1774. The collection of laws deals with the areas of maritime police, shipbuilding and calibration, maritime service books and seafarer training. By 1886 two more volumes and a supplement volume were published.

Specialist literature for the railways and construction

Several titles were devoted to the railway system, which was rapidly developed in the 19th century to provide high-speed transport routes from the inland to the Adriatic coast. Soon after the completion of the southern railway from Vienna to Trieste, which was opened in 1857, August Mandl published his illustrated route description, and in 1880 a memorandum was published to extend the Kronprinz-Rudolfsbahn to Trieste.

On its own account, Lloyd published von Heider's book in 1861 on the construction of the dry dock in the Lloyd arsenal, which also addresses the use of Santorin soil as natural cement.

Travel literature and geographical works and views

Lloyd's Illustrated Travel Library. II. Trieste (1857) , linen cover		Lloyd's Triest (1857), " Trade Flags " and "Explanations of the Lighthouse Signals for Trieste"

Lloyd's Illustrated Travel Library

→ Main article : Lloyd's travel guide

From 1854 to 1881 Lloyd's Illustrated Travel Library was published with a total of 9 titles under VIII Roman numbered main numbers. This series included local volumes for Venice, Trieste and Adelsberg and its grottos , descriptions of sights on two Austrian railway lines: the southern railway line Vienna-Trieste and the Kaiserin Elisabeth railway Vienna-Salzburg, as well as descriptions for travel destinations in the Balkans and in the vicinity East, Turkey, Greece, Palestine and Egypt. The names of the authors, under which Moritz Busch and Peter von Radics were, are only partially known. There were foreign-language editions of two volumes, Venice and Trieste, which, however, did not contain a series reference.

Travelogues

P. Kandler: Guida al forestiero nella citta di Trieste , title page (1845)

In particular, the Adriatic Sea at the gates of Austria and its coastal towns are always the subject of travel writing. As early as 1842, Kandler presented the work Memories of a Picturesque Journey in the Austrian Coast , produced in the new Lloyd printing house , and in 1845 he drew literary sketches for visitors to Parenzo and Pula ( Cenni al forestiero che visita ... ) and described it in the same year extensive Trieste. In 1859, Francesco Lanza described the impressions of his trip a. a. through the British Isles, Germany and France at the time of the Paris World's Fair of 1855 , with a particular focus on agricultural development in these countries. In 1863, J. Alexander von Goracuchi published The Adriatic Sea and its Coasts with reflections on Trieste as a bathing resort, together with a discussion of lake water and its beneficial effects . Finally, in 1857 the orientalist Friedrich Otto Georgi brought The Holy Places of Christendom to readers . Taken after nature. In addition to descriptive texts in the Orient close. A little later, Moritz Busch took up this theme with his pictures from the Orient. Drawn from nature by A. Löffler . The German edition of 1864, to which 32 large-format steel engravings were added, was followed a year later by a translation into French with the same set-up (2nd edition: 1868).

Views in steel and wood engraving together with descriptions

Memories of Athens . Portfolio with 12 steel engravings (1860)

Above all as steel engravings, landscape views and so-called “souvenir sheets” of cities appeared in the form of single-sheet prints, in which a central view of the city is framed by individual buildings and views. In addition, Lloyd published portfolios or lavishly designed books with a large proportion of illustrations (steel and wood engravings ). These include: Album of picturesque views of the Danube (1854), Südbahn album (around 1856), Album in memory of ... (Italian: Riccordo di ... ) for Italy, Constantinople (1863) and Athens (around 1860) as well as the Rhine, pictures from the Orient (1864) or pictures from Greece by Moritz Busch . The German travel writer Johann Georg Kohl described the course of the Danube from its source to Pest in 1854 . The cities and sights lying on their banks were lavishly put into the picture with steel engravings in folio format .

The once cost-intensive steel and wood engravings were often used several times to illustrate various thematically relevant publishing works, as far as the print format was possible (possibly trimming the edge of small-format books), so that the reader repeatedly reads them when reading the publisher's products to encounter.

Historical, philosophical and classical works

A history of the city of Trieste in 2 volumes was published by Jakob Löwenthal in 1857 and 1858 as a work that is still valued today . These were followed by Franz Swida's studies on coastal history in the Middle Ages in 1877 . With special attention to Trieste . The most important Italian-language publishing project was the Biblioteca Classica Italiana Secolo XVIII . In their framework were u. a. Published comedies by Ludovico Ariosto and Carlo Goldoni as well as libretti by Pietro Metastasio and tragedies by Vittorio Alfieri . In addition, a large number of other authors, mainly Italian ones, were published. But there were also quite a few Greek-language titles.

Art history literature

Equipped with 120 steel engravings, Carl August Menzel's The Works of Art from Antiquity to the Present appeared for the first time in 1850 . A guide through the entire field of fine arts in 2 volumes, which had a total of three editions by 1860. 1854 followed with Die Kunstschätze Wien's in steel engraving together with an explanatory text by AR von Perger, another extensive art volume with 515 pages and 108 steel plates. The latter also wrote the small, 80-page illustrated book Der Dom zu Sanct Stephan in Vienna in 1854 and Die plastischen Bildwerke Wien in 1861 with 176 pages and 5 steel engravings. The Serenissima was then the subject of the description of art by Friedrich Pecht in 1860 under the title Venice's Art Treasures. Gallery of masterpieces of Venetian painting in steel engraving . Vasari's works ( Opere di Giorgio Vasari secondo le migliori stampe e con alcuni scritti inediti ) were published in 1857 .

Varia

The range of titles also includes titles such as Richard von Erco's notes on oyster culture from 1869, in which he a. a. the oyster production park near Grado described, conversations from the area of ​​nature (Ed. J. Basslinger, 1856) or the soil culture on the karst of the Austrian illyr. Coastal country and in the area of ​​the city of Trieste by Leopold Mayersbach (1871).

Finally, the Lloyd also published fonts with a purely local character. This included a large number of such smaller publications, such as a report on the establishment of the Zoological- Zootomic Institute in Trieste (1850), the statutes of the German Men's Choir in Trieste (1855) or annual reports on the community evangelical schools in Trieste, ... (1898 –1899) (1899) as well as the programs of the kk grammar school in Trieste (1851 ff.).

Newspapers and other magazines

Shipping and shipping periodicals

In addition to the more extensive works, some specialist periodicals were also edited, which primarily served the requirements of day-to-day business. From 1832 to 1847, Il listino , the list of incoming and outgoing ships , was published daily . From 1853 to 1856 the Triester Zeitung was accompanied monthly by the 32-page Austrian naval magazine , which was written by Jakob Löwenthal and Franz Ernst Pipitz and dedicated to the war and merchant navy . Under the direction of Pietro Brunelli, the Rivista Marittima del Lloyd Austriaco came out to the same extent and issue period ; it was included with the "L'Osservatore Triestino".

On July 1, 1911, the first issue of a short-lived internal lloyd monthly paper, the Bolletino mensile della Società di navigazione a vapore, appeared . Up until the outbreak of World War I, it provided Lloyd staff with information on internal company matters on 24 pages. It was not until 1921, but already under the flag of Lloyd Triestino, that it was revived until it was finally discontinued in April 1944.

Daily newspapers and general periodicals

From June 1843 to 1883 and again from 1891 to 1922, Lloyd published the official provincial newspaper L'Osservatore Triestino , which had been founded in 1784 and for which u. a. Pietro Kandler also wrote under the pseudonym Giusto Traibor. The paper, which was mainly devoted to current legislation, trade and literature, was also published separately for Greece and the Levant from 1862 as L'Osservatore Triestino per la Grecia ed il Levante , edited by Bartolomeo Malpaga and Pietro Brunelli. As a supplement there was from 1887 to 1903 the L'Indicatore dei prestiti ("The indicator for credit"). From 1865 to July 1868 a French weekly edition was also published, Le moniteur de Trieste. Journal politique, commercial et littéraire , which appeared twice a week last year. The Greek-language weekly Η Ημέρα ( The Day ) appeared from 1855 to 1874.

Diavoletto , newspaper head from December 18, 1858, and Il Novelliere 1857 No. 16 (supplement)

The popular Volksblatt Diavoletto ( Kobold ) was published daily by Lloyd from 1848 and until 1870 at the price of 1 kreuzer , and was published twice a week in 1856 and in the following year around the eight-page supplement Il Novelliere (Der. ) Edited by Adalbert Thiergen (1822-1858) Storytellers), mostly with serial novels.

The daily newspaper Triester Zeitung , which was published from March 1851 to November 2, 1918, had little success . On January 1, 1886, she took over the Triester Tagblatt , which had been published since 1880, and continued it as the morning edition of the Triester Zeitung . It was led by Jakob Löwenthal and Franz Ernst Pipitz . From 1855 to 1866 the editorial team included the poet Robert Hamerling as a theater critic, who at that time worked as a teacher at the German grammar school in Trieste. The daily circulation of the paper was a maximum of 650 copies. The considerable deficits were made up for by the Trieste Chamber of Commerce, which was also a minority shareholder, and by state subsidies.

Family book from 1862 (title page with the addition: "New series")

Family book from 1859 (title page: Triester lighthouse )

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Family book from 1859 (publisher's cover)

Magazine head of the “Family Book” from 1862

Illustrated family book

The illustrated family book for the entertainment and instruction of domestic circles was published as a monthly in folio format ( 4 ° ) from 1850 to 1865 . Since the beginning of the year was in October of the previous year, the first year was not completed until September 1851 and was also counted with this year. This was subsequently retained. By 1860 there were a total of 10 annual volumes due to the multi-year publication. The publisher supplied covers and a title page to bind the individual issues. For the volumes from 1852 onwards, the latter showed on a steel engraving a moving sea in the roadstead in front of the Trieste lighthouse . In 1851 there was still a book printing front cover framed with genre representations (historia, literature). The editions from 1861 had the additional designation "New Series" on the title page. In the first year the booklets mostly appeared with a volume of 24 pages, some booklets also with 28, 32 or 36 pages, and a total of 3 steel engravings with genre representations as well as location and landscape views. They initially cost 30 kreuzers a month and 4 guilders a year. The editions of the following years grew slightly so that from 1856 (Volume VI) they each comprised 36 pages (4½ printed sheets). Later, at least from 1861, the price was 50 kreuzers. With an initial print run of 3,000 issues, the magazine soon reached a print run of 13,000 copies, making it the economically most successful German-language publication of the III. Section. Its editors were initially the Austrian actor and writer Ignaz Papsch (1800–1862), already mentioned several times, and the poet Faust Pachler , editor-in-chief of the “Neue Series” was Julius Ohswaldt . Well-known authors Franz Grillparzer , Ferdinand Kürnberger and Friedrich Halm from Austria as well as Paul Heyse, Friedrich Hebbel and Karl Simrock from Germany also made contributions. The German journalist Levin Schücking drove innumerable literary reviews under the title "Literature Report" from the VI. Born in 1856 at.

Letture di famiglia

Letture di Famiglia from 1854 (title page: Cathedral of San Giusto)

The Italian-language equivalent of the illustrated family book followed in November 1851 under the title Letture di famiglia. Opera illustrata con incisioni in acciaio , with the annual volume ("Annata I") with 12 issues then appearing with the year "1852". The name obviously refers to the weekly Letture di famiglia published in Turin by Lorenzo Valerio from 1842 . Giornale settimanale di educazione civile, morale e religiosa , which was banned by the Piedmontese government in 1847 for political reasons. Its furnishings were similar to those of the German-language editions, and the same steel engravings were used for illustration for people and genre scenes as well as buildings, cities and landscapes. These volumes were often accompanied by steel engravings as frontispieces . From 1853, the cathedral of San Giusto had moved onto the Italian title page instead of the port scene in Trieste; in the first volume in 1852, as in the first German edition from 1851, the front cover with framing genre representations, now with Italian text, was used. The editions from 1861 had the additional designation "New Series" on the title page. In addition, the title page of the individual issues was decorated with an allegorical group of people. The volume of the booklets was at the same price of 30 Kreuzer - later 50 Kreuzer - only at least 3 sheets. The annual volumes thus comprised around 300 pages.

Pietro Brunelli was temporarily commissioned with the technical and administrative preparation of the journal, assisted by Luigi Toccagni, the translator of Chateaubriand and Lamartines . From July 1852 (issue 9) the magazine was headed by Saul Formiggini and Onorato Occioni, in his place from May 1853 by Ambrogio Boschetti. Most of its authors came from Italy, so that the content was not a translation of the German family book. The project immediately met with great approval from the audience, primarily due to the elegance of the edition, the beauty of the illustrations and the successful selection of authors.

With the outbreak of the Sardinian War in 1859, the publication of the "Letture di Famiglia" had to be suspended for the time being, as a result of which the project was hit by a financial crisis and no volume 1860 exists. The year count then continued in 1861 with "Annata IX". Although the publication was resumed in April 1860, the monthly had to cease publication three years before the German-language edition in 1862. Too many subscribers had dropped out as a result of the interruption, while production costs rose dramatically at the same time. Astori and Stefani give the 12th issue from May 1862 as the last edition, with which the 10th year ("Annata X") was also completed. In fact, at least two more monthly issues (“Puntata I and II”) of the new series (“Periodo II”), which was also being tackled here, were published, as can be seen from the holdings of the ÖNB. In issue 2, interested readers were even invited to subscribe to a planned edition with colored steel engravings.

All in all, these two publications should conjure up the image of an idyllic juxtaposition of the numerous peoples of the Habsburg Empire, who can indeed live out their various customs and traditions, of course only under the protective, wise and "fatherly" government of the Vienna-based Emperor Franz Joseph I.

Distribution channels of publishing production

In addition to traditionally selling Lloyd's literature through bookstores, he had his own stalls at his landing stages, where the publisher's products could be purchased primarily by passengers. The publisher's titles were also available in the on-board libraries.

Office of the kk class lottery

A year before the outbreak of the First World War , the publishing house also took over the activities of an office for the Imperial and Royal Austrian Class Lottery . He printed and distributed the tickets and also directed the draws in four classes. A remuneration of almost 400,000 crowns requested from the Vienna government in autumn 1918 for this activity was never paid out. The claim then fell by the wayside in the turmoil of the post-war period.

Publishing activity under the Lloyd Triestino

The extensive commercial printing activities for Lloyd, which had resumed passenger shipping in 1921 as Lloyd Triestino , such as timetables, brochures and posters, continued. In 1920 the illustrated memoirs and notes appeared in four languages . 1836–1920 , which gave a review of the era of the company as a whole, which has now come to an end. In 1925 the magazine Sul Mare. Rivista di Viaggi delle Compagnie di Navigazione ("On the Sea") - initially as a supplement to the aforementioned Bolletino mensile - which survived the dissolution of its original publisher until 1944.

literature

• Bruno Astori, Giuseppe Stefani: Il Lloyd Triestino. Contributo alla storia Italiana della navigazione marittima . Verona MCMXXXVIII - ANNO XVI [1938], Officine grafiche A. Mondadori, esp. Pp. 157-200 (Capitulo V: "Navigatori, letterati e giornalisti")
• Author collective: The Lloyd in Trieste yesterday - today - tomorrow. From Austrian Lloyd to Lloyd Triestino . Lloyd Triestino di Navigazione, Triest 1987, especially pp. 65-82
• Ronald E. Coons: Steamships, statesmen and bureaucrats. Austrian policy towards the Steam Navigation Company of the Austrian Lloyd; 1836-1848 . Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1975, ISBN 3-515-01983-9
• Lloyd triestino: Dall'Adriatico al mondo. mostro del centocinquantenario. Lloyd triestino di navigazione, Trieste 1986 (Italian)
• Publizistisches Bureau des Österreichischer Lloyd (ed.): Seventy-five Years of Austrian Lloyd 1836–1911 . Österreichischer Lloyd, Trieste 1911 (book decoration by Remigius Geyling )
• Publishing catalog of the liter. [Aryan] -artist. [Ischen] department of the Oesterreichischer Lloyd in Trieste. By January 1861 . Trieste 1861

Individual references, comments

1. ↑ The newspaper was initially headed by Enrico Helmpacher, later by Ferdinando Lazzarich and Pacifico Valussi .
2. ^ Editions from 1836 to 1845 ÖNB digitized version .
3. ↑ Born in 1836 as an ÖNB digitized version
4. ↑ 1839 to 1846: Editions digitized by the Austrian National Library : Literary-Artistic Department of the Österreichischer Lloyd (online at ANNO ).
5. ^ Compare the article in the "Newspaper for the Elegant World" on March 18, 1837, p. 219 ( digitized version of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Author collective: The Lloyd in Triest yesterday - today - tomorrow. From Austrian Lloyd to Lloyd Triestino . Lloyd Triestino di Navigazione, Triest 1987, p. 65 ff.
7. ↑ His biographical data can be found in the Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 ( online ).
8. ↑ See for his biography: Wikisource Constantin von Wurzbach : Schwarzer, Ernst . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 32nd part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1876, p. 328 ( digital copy ). and the Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950
9. ↑ Compare the biography of Richard Charmatz .:  Stadion, Franz Graf von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 55, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1910, pp. 228-234.
10. ↑ 1837 and 1838: Editions digitized by the Austrian National Library : Literary-Artistic Department of Österreichischer Lloyd (online at ANNO ).
11. ^ Bruno Astori, Giuseppe Stefani: Il Lloyd Triestino. Contributo alla storia Italiana della navigazione marittima . [Milano] MCMXXXVIII - ANNO XVI [1938], Officine grafiche A. Mondadori, p. 167
12. ↑ Compare the numbers from January 3 to December 26, 1846 (No. I / 1-2 to 88-89 double number) and from January 2 to December 25, 1847 (No. II / 1-2 to 81) online .
13. ↑ Issues from No. 1 from July 13, 1848 to No. 159 from December 19, 1848 ( Google digitized version )
14. ↑ Seventy-five Years of Austrian Lloyd 1836–1911. Österreichischer Lloyd, Triest 1911, p. 38
15. ↑ Publizistisches Bureau des Österreichischer Lloyd (ed.): Seventy-five Years of Austrian Lloyd 1836–1911 . P. 38
16. ↑ Compare the list of publications in III. Section in: Dall'Adriatico al mondo. mostro del centocinquantenario. Trieste 1986, pp. 352-366 ( Annali della Tipografia del lloyd [Ital.]).
17. ↑ Online versions of the Annuario Marittimo per l'anno 1848 , 1854 , 1855 , 1856 , 1857 , 1858 , 1859 , 1860 , 1861 , 1862 , 1863 , 1865 , 1866 , 1867 , 1868 , 1869 , 1870 , 1872 , and 1873
18. ↑ The Italian title was: Raccolta delle leggi ed ordinanze concernenti il ​​servizio marittimo e portual nella Monarchia .
19. ^ August Mandl, Johann Gabriel Seidl: The state railway from Vienna to Trieste with its surroundings, described by August Mandl . Literary-artistic department of the Österreichischer Lloyd, Trieste 1858 ( online )
20. ↑ Progresso-Verein (Ed.): Memorandum of the Triester Progresso-Verein ... regarding the extension of the Crown Prince Rudolfs Railway to Trieste and the completion of the Imperial and Royal Istrian State Railway Network for the purpose of achieving a direct railway connection between Trieste and Istria with Fiume . Triester Lloyd 1880
21. ^ Eduard J. Ritter von Heider: The construction of the combined slip and dry dock in the new arsenal of the Austrian Lloyd in Trieste. A post on the use of the Santorini soil for hydraulic structures online .
22. ↑ The title is: Viaggio in Inghilterra e nella Scozia passando per la Germania, il Belgio e la Francia durante la esposizione della industria universale in Parigi con inspiciali riguardi ai progressi agronomici della Francia, dell'Inghilterra e della Scozia .
23. ↑ J. Alexander von Goracuchi: The Adriatic Sea and its coasts with considerations about Trieste as a bathing resort together with a discussion about the lake water and its beneficial effects. Book printer of the Austrian Lloyd, Trieste 1863. ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Freader.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Fde%2Ffs1%2Fobject%2Fdisplay%2Fbsb10405955_00005.html~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
24. ↑ The book ( online ) was initially published in 16 individual deliveries (contemporary advertising online ).
25. ↑ Album in memory of the Rhine. Literary and artistic department of Österreichischer Lloyd, Trieste 1850. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.dilibri.de%2Frlb%2Fcontent%2Fpageview%2F1013778~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
26. ↑ Advertisement in "Oesterreichische Buchhandler-Correspondenz" of October 10, 1862 ( Anno digitization ) and of November 20, 1869 ( Anno digitization )
27. ^ [Moritz Busch: Pictures from Greece. Lit. art. Rst (J. Ohswaldt), Trieste 1870. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Freader.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Fde%2Ffs1%2Fobject%2Fdisplay%2Fbsb11121612_00005.html~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
28. ^ Johann Georg Kohl: The Danube from its origin to Pesth ( online ).
29. ^ Richard von Ercos: Notes on oyster culture. Letterpress of the Oesterreichischer Lloyds, Tries 1869. ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fdigital.slub-dresden.de%2Fwerkansicht%2Fdlf%2F12274%2F1%2Fcache.off~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
30. ^ Program of the kk grammar school in Trieste published at the end of the school year 1863 . Trieste 1863 (13th year) - Google digitization
31. ↑ Compare: I Periodici in: Lloyd triestino: Dall'Adriatico al mondo. mostro del centocinquantenario . Lloyd triestino di navigazione, Trieste 1986, p. 257 ff.
32. ↑ online - view of the years 1837 to 1847 at the ÖNB.
33. ↑ The ÖNB lists 4 years online .
34. ↑ Dall'Adriatico al mondo. mostro del centocinquantenario. Lloyd triestino di navigazione, Trieste 1986, p. 379. See also some references to the Italian Wikipedia L'Osservatore Triestino
35. ↑ Dall'Adriatico al mondo. mostro del centocinquantenario. Lloyd triestino di navigazione, Trieste 1986, p. 382. Gabriella Casa should provide further explanations: Giornali francesi a Trieste nell'ottocento . Edizioni Italo Svevo, Trieste 1985, to be found.
36. ↑ Dall'Adriatico al mondo. mostro del centocinquantenario. Lloyd triestino di navigazione, Trieste 1986, pp. 199, 381.
37. ↑ Adalberto Thiergens biography on the website of the city of Trieste - digitized version (Italian)
38. ↑ Compare as an example the two-page edition of the Triester Tagblatt from October 16, 1915 ( online ).
39. ↑ Already from 1842 to 1847 a weekly publication "Letture di famiglia, giornale settimanale di educazione, civile, morale e religiosa" was published by Giuseppe Pomba (cf. Italian Wikipedia) in Turin, G. Pomba e Comp. Editori relocated to a similar extent - calculated over the year. It served as a suggestion for the two issue series of Lloyd (digital copies of the issues of 1844 , 1845 and 1846 ).
40. ↑ Compare the digital copies ( [1] ) of all editions at the ÖNB.
41. ^ ^{A b} Alfred Estermann: The German literature journals 1850–1880: Bibliographien - Programs , p. 94 f. ( Digitized version ).
42. ↑ ^{a b} Austrian bookseller correspondence from June 20, 1861 ( Anno-digitized ).
43. ↑ Advertisement on the prenumeration of the new year in the Kronstädter Zeitung of February 9, 1854, p. 50 ( Anno-digitized )
44. ↑ See Wikisource Anton Schlossar:  Pachler, Faust . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 53, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1907, pp. 160-165.
45. ↑ ^{a b} Bruno Astori, Giuseppe Stefani: Il Lloyd Triestino. Contributo alla storia Italiana della navigazione marittima . Verona [1938], pp. 183-187
46. ↑ Compare the “Austrian papers for literature and art” from 1854 ( digitized version ).
47. ↑ Onorato Occioni's life dates are: * March 29, 1830 Venice, † May 17, 1895 Trieste ( biography ) and Ambrogio Boschetti: * 1811 Rovereto, † May 17, 1875 Trieste.
48. ↑ Compare the digital copies ( [2] ) of all editions at the ÖNB.
49. ^ Astori / Stefani: Il Lloyd Triestino . Verona [1938], p. 184 f.
50. ↑ Comparison of the digital copies of issues 1 and 2 of the ÖNB.
51. ↑ Beate Hainschek: TO THE SEA! AL MARE! NA MORJE! Southern Railway and Tourism in Travel Literature on the Way to and in the Austrian Coastal Region (1857 to 1814) (Master's thesis). Karl Franzens University Graz, Graz 2001, p. 84