Loudon (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of the Barons of Loudon

Loudon (also Laudon or Laudohn ) is the family name of a German-Baltic noble family. They have been at home on the small Tootzen farm in Livonia since 1400 and belong to the ancient nobility . In 1759 they were given the status of imperial baron and are identical to those of Laudohn or Lauwdon.

history

“The Loudon family has its first aristocratic origins in Normandy. She had subsequently gone to Scotland, where she took possession of the town of Loudun, which is in the county of Loudon, and received the framework from it. This little town is one of the oldest and most handsome baronies of the very great County of Air in Scotland. Mathias von Loudon, descending from the younger line of the Loudon family resident in Scotland, had moved away from there and moved to this country in the 14th century when the Order of German Masters ruled Liefland. It was precisely this Mathias who, through his services acquired there, had received indigenous rights from the rulers of the country and consequently took possession of the two manors Loudon and Tootzen, which are located in the Wendish district of Liefland. The first estate was named by Loudon, who bought it. The descendants of this Mathias von und zu Loudon remained in possession of these two estates, Loudon and Tootzen, for a long year.

In the meantime a branch had risen high from the Loudon lines remaining in Scotland; he had acquired the degree of Loudon, including the dignity of lord or earl, for himself and his rungs.

This and no more have been handed down to us by the news from the ancient, dark times of the Loudon family. "

- Ferdinand Taubmann von Krsowitz

The origin of the Loudons from Scotland mentioned in this literature is not confirmed according to the Genealogical Handbook of the Baltic Knights . Rather, the origin refers to a Laudohn family who have lived in Livonia since the 13th century . The archbishopric Laudohn Castle in Livonia was built by Archbishop Johannes von Lune († 1284) in 1271/73 and is the namesake of this Baltic noble family. The river flowing nearby bears the same name and also coined the names of the surrounding places, e.g. B. Lasdohn, Grosdohn, Bersohn and Modohn . Not far from the castle, on the Tootzenbach, was the Tootzen farm, which was known as Loudonsgütchen until well into the 18th century. Here also was Field Marshal Gideon Ernst von Laudon (1717 - 1790) was born. The documentary proof of ownership of the small estate goes back to a feudal letter - according to "German feudal law" - from Archbishop Henning Scharpenberg († 1448) from October 28, 1432, which was issued for Otto Laudone. In another feudal letter - also awarded according to German feudal law - of June 23, 1503 the location is described in detail, there it says: "antohevende an der Tocen beke, de vluth in de Ewesten". According to “German law” for Otto Laudohn (around 1503), it can be concluded that the people are of German origin and not people of autochthonous descent. The naming does not refer to the name of a vassal family , but is based on the local area according to common usage in the Baltic States . The social status of the family cannot be clearly determined either, but the fact that they cannot look back on a knightly origin can be deduced from the small rural property and the lending according to “German law”. In this case, in contrast to the “ man feud”, it is a “feud with inferior rights”, as it was given to German “householders” in the Archdiocese of Riga.

The other documentary proof of ownership comes from the year 1557 in which Joachim Laudohn († 1586 auf Tootzen) is listed and who is confirmed in a knight and horse service role from 1586/87. His son Hans (I.) Laudon (1583 - 1626) served as a squire with Heinrich von Tiesenhausen , he received a knightly education and received generous gifts from his patron. The small Tootzen farm was inherited and survived the Polish-Swedish war of 1600 - 1629), in the male succession the sons chose predominantly military professions and were in the service of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation , Sweden , Russia and Poland . Hans (I.) Laudon was followed by his son Hans (II.) Laudon (1617 - 1682) and then his son Gotthard Johann Loudon (1622 - 1708). The latter was followed by his sons Johann Gideon (1669-1745), the founder of the older line, and Otto Gerhard (1673-1732), the founder of the younger line. With Johann Ludwig Alexander von Loudon (1767 - 1822) the line in Austria emerged from the younger line . The family did not play a significant role in Baltic state politics and, with Otto Franz von Loudon (1827 - 1882), only provided a district administrator in Livonia . The family was entered in the register of the Livonian Knighthood in 1742 under registration number 35 and was given number 34 in 1745. In 1759 Gideon Ernst Lauwdohn was raised to the baron class as "Loudon", as was his brother Johann Reinhold (1714 - 1787) and his Nephews Karl Gideon and Otto Johann.

Ancestry

Hans Laudohn , owner of Gut Tootzen in 1432

  • Peter, around 1461, Tootzen
    • Otto Laudohn, 1503, Tootzen
      • Joachim Laudohn (1558 - 1586), Lord of Laudon
        • Hans (I.) Laudohn (1583 - 1626), Lord of Laudon
          • Hans (II.) Laudon (1617 - 1682) ⚭ Sophia Winkelmann
            • Gotthard Johann Laudon (1622 - 1708), Lord of Tootzen, Swedish lieutenant ⚭ 1st Hedwig Lütke (1630 - 1669), 2nd Margarethe Röchling (1645 - 1725)
              • Jakob Johann Laudon
              • Johann Gideon Laudon founder of the older line
              • Otto Gerhard Laudon founder of the Younger Line

Older line (Saulhof)

Johann Gideon Laudon (1669 - 1745), lord of Bonaventure, tenant of Hohenbergen, Swedish captain

  • Karl Gideon Loudon (1717 - 1777), Lord of Rammenhof, Russian lieutenant -order judge , in 1759, Baron
    • Reinhold Georg von Loudon (1751 - 1798), Lord of Saulhof and Labbrenz
      • Gustav Wilhelm von Loudon (1782-1838), lord of Saulhof, Russian captain
        • Leo Gustav Friedrich von Loudon (* 1831 in Saulhof, † 1872 in Saint Petersburg ), Lord of Saulhof and Neu-Bilskenshof, Russian lieutenant
      • Georg Karl Raphael von Loudon (1787-1838)
        • Otto Franz Georg von Loudon (1827 in Wohlfahrslinde, † 1882 in Heidelberg ), Livonian district administrator
        • Philipp Jakob von Loudon (1792-1831)
          • Udo Reinhold von Loudon (1816 - 1870), Russian staff officer and forester in Russia
          • Karl Engelbrecht Philibert (1819-1867), Russian captain
            • Viktor Gideon von Loudon (1844-1898), Lord of Keysen and Lisden
  • Otto Johann von Loudon (1724-1770), lord of Bonaventure, Russian major , baron 1759

Younger Line (Tootzen)

Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon. Portrait of an anonymous, contemporary artist ( Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Vienna)

Otto Gerhard Laudon (* 1673, buried in 1732 in Tootzen), Herr auf Tootzen, Swedish then Polish lieutenant colonel

  • Johann Reinhold von Loudon (1714 - 1787), Herr auf Tootzen, Russian lieutenant, Baron 1759
    • Otto Christoph Ernst von Loudon (1764 - 1829), Herr auf Tootzen, Russian captain
      • Friedrich Georg Erhard von Loudon (1794-1820)
        • Ottomar Georg Friedrich von Loudon (also Franz Laudon; 1820 - 1890) Herr auf Tootzen, Russian lieutenant, was no longer a member of the Livonian knighthood from 1869
          • Friedrich Fredy von Loudon (* 1847 in Riga, † 1927 in Fredricksburg , Texas , USA )
            • Freddie of Laudon (* 1883 Texas)
          • Maximilian von Loudon (* 1848 in Selgowsky, † 1914 in Saint Petersburg), Russian sea ​​captain
          • Ottomar von Loudon ( Russian : Оттомар Оттомарович Лоудон; * 1859 in Stolben) Customs officer in Kronstadt , Russian State Council
            • Maximilian von Loudon (Максимилиан Оттомарович Лоудон, * 1889 in Saint Petersburg, † 1948 in Russia) Russian civil servant
            • Georg (* 1893 in Saint Petersburg)
    • Johann Ludwig Alexander von Laudon (1767-1822), lineage in Austria
  • Gideon Ernst von Loudon (* 1717 in Tootzen, † 1790 Neutitschein ), kuk field marshal and generalissimo , 1759 baron

Line in Austria

Johann Ludwig Alexander von Laudon

Johann Ludwig Alexander von Loudon (* 1767 in Riga, † 1822 at Loudon Castle near Hadersdorf ) ⚭ Amalia Countess Fünfkirchen (* March 12, 1776),Austro-Hungarian Lieutenant Field Marshal , Knight of the Maria Theresa Order , Lord of Hadershof

  • Olivier von Loudon (* 1795 in Brno , † 1881 in Hadersdorf), Lord of Adersdorf and Bistritz, kuk Oberleutnant
    • Ernst Olivier von Loudon (* 1832 in Vienna , † 1915 in Hadershof), gentleman at Hadershof and Bistriz, kuk chamberlain , privy councilor , member of the manor house for life
      • Remigius Olivier von Loudon (* 1857 in Bistritz, † 1902 in Klagenfurt ), master of Hadersdorf and Bistritz, kuk chamberlain
        • Ernst Gideon von Loudon (* 1886 in Bistritz, † 1944 in Brno, Czech Republic), Lord of Hadersdorf, Bistritz and Herzogberg (Styria)
          • Alexander von Loudon (* 1920 in Tetschen , † 1995 in Vienna)
          • Gideon Ernst Franz von Loudon (* 1923 in Tetschen, † 2001)

Family coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Loudons (Livonian Book of Arms by Johann Christoph Brotze )

A blue heraldic shield with 2 golden diagonal bars , in between 3 lion heads in red, silver and blue. The helmet is decorated with a baron's crown from which two red bear paws and 3 ostrich feathers grow red-silver-blue. The helmet cover is blue gold. Two wild men with green wreaths on their heads and around their loins serve as shield holders . With their hands pointing inwards, they hold the shield and the hands that are turned outwards hold a club on which they support themselves.

Von Krsowitz also refers to the Scottish origin in the blazon of the family coat of arms and writes:

“All Loudonian lines, the Scottish as well as the Liefland, carry the same noble coat of arms, with the only difference: that in the coat of arms of the Liefland line there are still dry bear paws that are not found in the Scottish line. The difference arises from: When Liefland later came under Polish rule; so a king of Poland was in the immediate danger of being killed by a bear while hunting. A Loudon killed the bear. The Loudon line in Liefland got the right from the saved king to have three bear paws in their coat of arms. "

- Ferdinand Taubmann von Krsowitz

Possessions

  • Manor on Gut Selgowsky (2001)

  • Bonaventure (2010)

  • Serbs Castle (2000)

In addition to the Tootzen headquarters, the Loudons owned the following manors in Livonia: Labbrenz, Rammenhof, Eck, Bonaventura, Winkelmannshof, Lodenhof and Selgowsky, Gaulhof, Serben Castle, Lisden and Keysen.

New welfare

The goods Altwohlfahrt, Wohlfahrtslinde and Keysen belonged to Gut Neu-Wohlfahrt. In 1562 it was awarded by the Polish King Sigismund II. August to the captain of Wolmar Bernhard von Höwel and remained in his family until 1619. It was then given by the Swedish King Gustav Adolf to the noble family von Oxenstierna and in 1660 in Alt-Wohlfahrt, Keysen and Gertzenhof (later Neu-Wohlfahrt and Wohlfahrtslinde) split up. The Neu-Wohlfahrt estate passed to Magdalena Eleonore von Jamerstedt (née von Palmstrauch) through inheritance. In 1811 the estate was sold to Carl Samuel Ferdinand von Torklus. Several changes of ownership followed. In 1868 the estate went to a Theodor Adolph Horwitz. Nothing could be determined about the further career.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl Arvid von Klingspor / Adolf Matthias Hildebrandt , Baltisches Wappenbuch, Wappen all the noble families belonging to the knights of Livonia, Estonia, Courland and Oesel , Stockholm, 1882, p. 81 [1] , accessed on December 21, 2018
  2. ^ Loudons Leben und Heldenthaten , pp. 5/6, see literature
  3. ↑ Genealogical Handbook of the Baltic Knighthood, Görlitz, 1929, p. 839 [2] , accessed December 20, 2018
  4. ↑ Note: The Tootzenbach, referred to here as Tocen, flows into the Ewst
  5. ↑ Note: House people = residents of small towns and hookworks at lordly castles who were also arable citizens
  6. ↑ Genealogical Handbook of the Baltic Knighthood, Görlitz, 1929, p. 840 [3] , accessed December 20, 2018
  7. ↑ Note: Rossdienstrolle, German dictionary by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm [4]
  8. ↑ Carl Arvid von Klingspor / Adolf Matthias Hildebrandt, Baltisches Wappenbuch, Wappen all the noble families belonging to the knights of Livonia, Estonia, Courland and Oesel, Stockholm, 1882, p. 65 [5] , accessed December 21, 2018
  9. ^ Loudons Leben und Heldenthaten, p. 6, see literature
  10. ↑ Labbrenz = et: Labrenči mõis
  11. ↑ Rammenhof = et: Dripati mõis
  12. ↑ Bonaventura = lv: Bonaventuras muiža
  13. ↑ LODENHOF = et: Loode mõis
  14. ↑ Lisden = et: Lizdēni mõis
  15. ↑ Keysen = et: Ķeiži mõis
  16. ↑ Gut Neu-Wohlfahrt. On: Lost and unlost places in Livonia [6] , accessed December 23, 2018