Maria Immaculata (Dietelskirchen)
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The Roman Catholic parish church Maria Immaculata in Dietelskirchen , a village on the Kleine Vils in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut , is one of the few Art Nouveau churches in the wide area. This art movement was initially controversial, as church building in Bavaria at the beginning of the 20th century was still shaped by the art ideas of historicism . Today the church is but as a monument under number D-2-74-145-8 the Bavarian State Conservation Office entered. Today, the parish of Maria Immaculata forms a parish community with the neighboring parishes of St. Florian and Wolfgang in Kirchberg and St. Michael in Reichlkofen .
history
Parish history
Dietelskirchen is first mentioned in 940. Already at that time it belonged to the parish of Oberviehbach , about ten kilometers to the north and now part of the Dingolfing-Landau district . The former Dietelskirchen branch was finally raised to an expositur in 1689 . A parsonage was built for the now permanently present local chaplain , which according to the chronicle burned down after its completion and had to be rebuilt. In 1747 Dietelskirchen was raised to an independent parish ; this status has not changed to this day. The old rectory no longer exists. In 1871, however, a rectory was built in the immediate vicinity of today's church. In addition to the rectory, it also includes a barn with a coach house , a bakery and a fountain and is registered under the number D-2-74-145-64 at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation.
Previous construction
The old parish church of Dietelskirchen was located directly on the banks of the Kleine Vils and was consecrated to St. Ulrich (Memorial Day: September 4th). The simple building is likely to have originated in the late 13th century, i.e. at the transition between Romanesque and early Gothic . It was a choir tower church facing east . The chancel was housed in the substructure of the squat looking tower with a gable roof . Inside the ceiling was decorated with historical paintings. The lower parts of the wall were about two meters thick, hollow on the inside and filled with earth. Thus the church had the character of a fortified church . On the south side, towards the Kleine Vils, there was a sundial with the year 1678. The church may have been renovated in that year. In 1921, after the completion of the new parish church, it was already quite dilapidated and was released for demolition.
Building history
After Pastor Georg had already raised the funds for the new building during his long time in Dietelskirchen (1882–1910) and his successor Benedikt Kummer (1910–1911) obtained approval, the new church could be built during the term of office of Pastor Josef Huber . The new parish church was built according to the plans of the Munich architect Joseph Elsner junior by the builder Georg Breiteneicher senior from Vilsbiburg . The local population took part in large numbers with manual and clamping services .
After the foundation stone was laid on May 28, 1912, construction progressed rapidly. On November 13, 1912, the cross could already be attached over the tower dome, and the shell construction was completed by the end of January 1913. According to a cost proposal dated April 15, 1911, the construction cost about 55,000 marks . By the following year, 1914, the interior was also largely completed. It should have cost between 15,000 and 20,000 marks after the ordinariate in Regensburg had implemented some savings against the architect Joseph Elsner junior. Although already took place on March 25, 1914, the preliminary blessing , so that the community already celebrated their worship in the new church. However, the consecration was delayed by the onset of the First World War . So the church could only be consecrated on July 3, 1921 by Regensburg Bishop Anton von Henle .
More recently, an exterior renovation was carried out in 1987 and an interior renovation in 1993, during which the original color version from 1914 was restored.
architecture
The parish church of Maria Immaculata is one of the few art nouveau churches in rural Old Bavaria . Only the neo-baroque parish church of St. Michael in Schönberg in the Mühldorf district has some Art Nouveau elements, as it was also built according to plans by Joseph Elsner junior. The parish church of Dietelskirchen is an east-facing hall building with a transept-like extension in the front area of the nave . This comprises five bays , the front one, which also contains the side altars, is significantly shorter. This is followed in the east by the somewhat narrower choir , which ends with a rounded apse . The two-story sacristy is attached to the chancel on the south side and the tower on the north side. This comprises a five-storey square substructure, an octagonal bell storey with sound openings and tower clocks as well as a dome with a sphere and cross. The exterior is structured by pilasters , pilaster strips and wall projections. Two portals on the west and south sides lead to the interior of the church. The organ gallery has moved into the rear nave yoke .
Furnishing
The high altar and the two side altars were made in Joseph Elsner's “Institute for Church Art” in Munich based on designs by Joseph Elsner junior. The construction of the high altar is limited to the cafeteria and tabernacle . The painted window above this structure, which shows Maria Immaculata surrounded by choirs of angels , can definitely be perceived as a high altar retable. It was made in the Bockhorni Art Institute in Munich based on a design by August Pacher . The windows in the nave, some of which are also painted, were created by the Regensburg glass painter Georg Schneider based on a design by Joseph Elsner junior. Among them is the south window in the third nave yoke. There a soldier is depicted in war, who has taken off his helmet for a short prayer at a wayside cross and is guarded by an angel . The window was destroyed at the end of the war in April 1945 by the pressure waves when the nearby Vilsbrücke was blown up. In 1993 it was able to be rebuilt and used again. The side altars were dedicated to the Holy Family (left) and Saints Joachim and Anna (right). The two-column altar structures are decorated with floral decorations. The creator of the side altar paintings is not known.
The Munich sculptor Anton Kaindl created the 14 Stations of the Cross, the depiction of the poor souls and the figures of the apostles in the presbytery based on a design by Joseph Elsner junior. In the Seybold Dorfer carpentry workshop of Matthias Zehentbauer were pulpit , the confessionals , the pews and the organ made. The associated organ work (II / P, 11) comes from the organ builder Willibald Siemann from Regensburg. Also from the companies Nenninger & Moser from Munich and Ignaz way of Plattling offers were sought. The war memorial that can be found on the outside of the church next to the south portal was created after the Second World War . The bells were made in 1913 by the Johann Hahn bell foundry from Landshut . In the same year, the tower clocks were purchased from Josef Frischmann from Laaber .
Left side altar: Holy Family (1914)
Right side altar: St. Joachim and St. Anna (1914)
Pulpit (1918)
Stained Glass Praying Soldier (renewed 1993)
Cross road sign (1914)
Depiction of poor souls as a relief (1914)
organ
The organ of the parish church, built in 1914 by Willibald Siemann from Regensburg, is designed as a pneumatic cone chest instrument with a free-standing console and housed in a neo-baroque prospect . It comprises a total of eleven registers on two manuals and pedal . The disposition is as follows:
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- Pairing : II / I, II / P, I / P, Super II / I, Sub II / I
- Playing aids : Mezzoforte, Forte, Tutti
literature
- Georg Brenninger: Dietelskirchen, a rare example of church art nouveau. In: Der Storchenturm , Heft 30, Dingolfing 1980, pp. 64–71.
- Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , Bavaria, Volume II: Niederbayern. 1st edition, Darmstadt 1988, p. 87.
- Georg Brenninger: Dietelskirchen, a rare example of church art nouveau. In: Der Storchenturm , issue 48/49, Dingolfing 1990.
- Catholic Parish Office Dietelskirchen (Ed.): Catholic Parish Church Maria Immaculata Dietelskirchen - Diocese of Regensburg, Lower Bavaria. OO, no date
Web links
- Homepage of the parish community in Kirchberg, Dietelskirchen and Reichlkofen
- Church description
- Art Nouveau Church Dietelskirchen in pictures
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kath. Pfarramt Dietelskirchen (ed.), P. 4.
- ↑ Kath. Pfarramt Dietelskirchen (ed.), P. 4f.
- ↑ a b c d Kath. Pfarramt Dietelskirchen (ed.), Pp. 5–13.
- ↑ Kath. Pfarramt Dietelskirchen (ed.), P. 16.
- ↑ Bavarian organ database online
Coordinates: 48 ° 29 ′ 54.4 " N , 12 ° 20 ′ 37.2" E