Margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg

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Margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg

The margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg was created in 1306 by splitting off from the margraviate of Baden-Hachberg . Henry III. and his brother Rudolf I shared the inheritance of their father Heinrich II. The margraviate existed as an independent territory in the German Empire from 1306 to 1503. The lords of the margraviate were related to the noble family of the Zähringer .

history

The 1306 inheritance

Sausenburg (reconstruction)

After the death of their father Heinrich II , the brothers Heinrich III ruled . and Rudolf I. the margraviate of Baden-Hachberg initially together. The margravate was divided around 1306. While Heinrich continued the main line in Hachberg, Rudolf received the rule of Sausenberg further south , which Margrave Heinrich II had acquired from the St. Blasien monastery in 1232 . The Bailiwick over the deaneries Bürgeln , Sitzenkirch and Weitenau of the monastery of St. Blaise was one of them. The rulership center and headquarters was initially the Sausenburg , which was built before 1246 to secure the newly acquired areas.

The Röttler inheritance (1315)

Rötteln Castle

Rudolf married Otto von Rötteln's heir daughter in 1298/1299 and in 1311 he was appointed co-regent of the Rötteln rule by Lüthold II of Rötteln († 1316 ) . This connection laid the foundation for the rise of the Hachberg-Sausenberg family. Since Rudolf died before Lüthold, the rule of Rötteln was transferred to Rudolf's son Heinrich in 1315, who came of age that year. The center of power has now been moved from Sausenburg to the more important Rötteln Castle .

The attack of the Badenweiler rule (1444)

Coat of arms of the Badenweiler rule - today also of the Badenweiler community

Johann Graf von Freiburg-Neuenburg , the last of the family of the Counts of Freiburg , gave the Badenweiler lordship with Baden Castle and Neuenfels Castle to his nephews Rudolf IV and Hugo von Hachberg-Sausenberg on September 8, 1444 . Johann (Hans) von Freiburg had six children with his wife Marie von Chalon , but all of them had died in childhood. A donation to Margrave Wilhelm , who ruled until 1441, was out of the question, as his bankruptcy was already looming and the aim was to keep the ancestral lands together.

Neuchâtel Castle

The lordships of Rötteln, Hachberg-Sausenberg and Badenweiler now formed the so-called Markgräflerland , an almost closed territory south of Freiburg and north of Basel .

In 1447, Count Johann von Freiburg-Neuchâtel also transferred his county Neuchâtel (today Neuchâtel / Switzerland) with Neuchâtel Castle to Rudolf. After Johann's death (February 19, 1458), Rudolf inherited other dominions in the Free County of Burgundy .

The transition to the margraviate of Baden (1503)

The margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg fell back to the main line in 1503 due to an inheritance contract between Margrave Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg and Margrave Christoph I of Baden and thus became part of the margraviate of Baden .

Philipp's father, Rudolf IV. , Had already started negotiations with the House of Baden about the conclusion of an inheritance contract and Philipp concluded these negotiations with Margrave Christoph I of Baden on August 31, 1490. The contract is known as the "Röttelsches Gemächte". The background to the inheritance contract was the intention to marry a son of Christoph I, Philipp von Baden , to the heiress of Hachberg-Sausenberg, Johanna , but this did not succeed due to political pressure from the French king. Johanna (* approx. 1485; † 1543) became Countess of Neuchâtel after the death of her father and in 1504 married Ludwig von Orléans , who also called himself marquis de Rothelin . After Johanna's death (1543), her son François continued to call himself marquis de Rothelin and a grandson of the same name founded the Orléans-Rothelin branch .

Johanna and the House of Orléans-Longueville tried to challenge the inheritance contract between Christoph I von Baden and Philipp, and they also asked for support from the federal estates of Solothurn , Lucerne , Freiburg im Üechtland and Bern . The dispute was only settled in 1581 with the payment of 225,000 guilders by the House of Baden to the House of Orléans-Longueville.

territory

The county of Neuchâtel , ruled by the margraves from 1447 to 1503, was not part of the margravate.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the margraves

As a branch line of the House of Baden , the margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg also had the heraldic coat of arms of the margraves of Baden, which shows a red diagonal bar on a yellow ( heraldic: golden ) background (always from heraldic top right to bottom left, therefore also an inclined right bar). While the main line has a crest consisting of buffalo horns with linden twigs, the secondary lines from Baden-Hachberg and from Hachberg-Sausenberg had ibex horns as crests. After the reunification with the Hachberg branch line, the main line took over the ibex horns.

Castles of the Margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg

Ruling margraves

seal Name (life data) Reign Remarks
Rudolf I Hachberg-Sausenberg.jpg Rudolf I
(† 1313) 		1306-1313 after the death of his father Heinrich II. von Baden-Hachberg († 1297) he ruled initially together with his brother; In 1306 he and his brother Heinrich III. von Baden-Hachberg proposed a division of the estate and established the Hachberg-Sausenberg branch line; In 1311 his wife, Agnes von Rötteln , inherits after the death of her nephew Walther III. von Rötteln half of the rule of Rötteln and Rudolf is appointed co-regent by his brother-in-law, Lüthold II von Rötteln
Seal H v HS V2.jpg Heinrich
(* 1300; † 1318) 		1313-1318 1313 inherits the Landgraviate of Sausenberg and half of the Rötteln dominion; his uncle Heinrich III takes over the guardianship. from Baden-Hachberg; In 1315 his uncle, Lüthold II von Rötteln, gave him the other half of the Rötteln estate
Seal Otto I v HS 1.jpg Otto
(* 1302; † 1384) 		1318-1384 after the early death of his brother Heinrich, he ruled together with his brother Rudolf II until 1352; 1352 to 1384 together with his nephew Rudolf III.
Seal Rudolf II v HS.jpg Rudolf II
(* 1301; † 1352) 		1318-1352 after the early death of his brother Heinrich, he ruled together with his brother Otto
Rudolf III of Hachberg-Sausenberg.jpg Rudolf III.
(* 1343; † 1428) 		1352-1428 ruled together with his uncle Otto until 1384; Co-author of the Rötteler Chronik ; In 1401 he built the Protestant church in the village of Rötteln . His tomb and that of his second wife, Anna von Freiburg , in the Röttler Church are considered to be important testimonies of Gothic art on the Upper Rhine
Seal Wilhelm v H.jpg Wilhelm
(* 1406; † 1482) 		1428-1441 resigns as ruling margrave in 1441 because of his excessive indebtedness in order to preserve the margraviate of his underage sons
Seal of Rudolf IV Hochberg.jpg Rudolf IV.
(* 1426; † 1487) 		1441-1487 until 1444 guardianship of Count Johann von Freiburg ; his brother Hugo , who initially jointly took over the government in 1444, died soon afterwards; In 1444 Johann von Freiburg gave him the rule of Badenweiler and in 1447 the county of Neuchâtel; works at the court of the Dukes of Burgundy and as a mediator in disputes between Burgundy, the Confederation and the Habsburgs
Siegel Philipp v HS.jpg Philipp
(* 1454; † 1503) 		1487-1503 serves the Burgundian Duke Charles the Bold and later the French Kings Charles VIII and Louis XII. who makes him French with a Lettre de naturalité

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Margraves von Hachberg-Sausenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Notes / individual evidence

  1. ↑ on older spellings for Sausenburg / Sausenberg see Albert Krieger : Topographisches Wörterbuch des Großherzogtums Baden. Volume 2, Column 799-800 ( digital copy from Heidelberg University Library )
  2. ↑ Hans Jakob Wörner: The Markgräflerland - Comments on his historical career. In: Das Markgräflerland 2/1994 (anniversary volume), pp. 58–59
  3. ^ Fritz Schülin: Rötteln-Haagen, contributions to local, landscape and settlement history , Lörrach 1965; P. 65.
  4. ↑ Hans Jakob Wörner: Das Markgräflerland - Comments on his historical career, in: Das Markgräflerland, Heft 2/1994, p. 63, Schopfheim 1994
  5. ↑ Johannes Staub: The inheritance contract between Margrave Christoph I of Baden and Margrave Philipp von Hachberg from August 31, 1490. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1/1991. Schopfheim, 1991
  6. ^ Karl Seith: The castle Rötteln in the course of their master families , A contribution to the history and building history of the castle , special edition published by the Röttelbund eV, Haagen, o. O .; OJ, p. 28
  7. ^ See Karl von Neuenstein: The coat of arms of the Grand Ducal House of Baden in its historical development combined with genealogical notes , Karlsruhe 1892, p. 70 digitized