Ober-Laudenbach

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Ober-Laudenbach
Coat of arms of Ober-Laudenbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 36 ′ 59 ″  N , 8 ° 40 ′ 31 ″  E
Height : 262 m above sea level NHN
Area : 2.21 km²
Residents : 690  (May 9, 2011)
Population density : 312 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 64646
Area code : 06252
Boundary drawing near Ober-Laudenbach
Chapel of the Immaculate Conception of Mary

Ober-Laudenbach is an Odenwald district of the southern Hessian city ​​of Heppenheim (Bergstrasse) .

history

Archaeological finds ( barrows ) show that Ober-Laudenbach was settled 2000 years ago. Laudenbach was first mentioned in a document under the name Lutenbach in 795 , when Charlemagne had the borders of the Mark Heppenheim set in writing. Around 1200 Ober-Laudenbach is mentioned for the first time in a list of donations from the Lorsch Monastery as a separate place, which probably split off from what is now the Baden community of Laudenbach.

Laudenbach belonged to the possessions of the Lorsch Monastery , which was elevated to an imperial abbey in 772 and was thus directly subordinate to the king or emperor. On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and the associated district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim" in which Laudenbach was located, to the imperial monastery. The heyday of the monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz and in 1461 Kurmainz pledged his possessions on Bergstrasse, and with that the possessions of Lorsch Monastery went to the Electoral Palatinate , which introduced the Reformation in 1556 and abolished the monastery in 1564.

1378 the affiliation of the place to the possession of the Schenken von Erbach is notarized to whose sphere of influence it belonged until 1561 when it was in the context of an exchange of territory between the Erbacher Schenken Georg, Eberhard and Valentin and the Elector Friedrich III. 1561 came to the Electoral Palatinate. There it belonged to the New Cent of the Lindenfels Office . The jurisdiction over Ober-Laudenbach was initially in Heppenheim, where the high jurisdiction over "theft, screams of murder, throwing stones, robbers and heresy" remained until 1714. On the other hand, documents prove that the Neu-Zent already existed in 1613 and that in 1665 legal cases were appealed to the Central Court in Mittershausen and from then to the Palatinate Court Court.

Like the entire region, Ober-Laudenbach may have suffered greatly from the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War . On the mountain road, large areas outside the fortified cities were completely depopulated. Fifty years after the end of the Thirty Years' War, the region was again hit hard by the aftermath of the war when France tried to move its borders to the east. It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine. With the " Reichsdeputationshauptschluss " of February 25, 1803, the territorial conditions in the Reich were reorganized. The occasion was the conquests of Napoleon , who had extended the French state border to the Rhine. This last legal work of the old empire implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville , according to which the Oberamt Lindenfels and thus Ober-Laudenbach came to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt . During the Napoleonic Wars , under pressure from Napoleon in 1806, the Grand Duchy of Hesse was created , which incorporated the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt. The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and the state of Hesse was established within its current boundaries following instructions from the military government .

In 1803, with the end of the Electoral Palatinate, the Lindenfels office came to Hesse and Laudenbach to Baden . In 1808, Hesse and Baden recognized the municipal boundary as a state border in a treaty. Until 1847 there were only minor border adjustments. On May 24, 1849, the Ober-Laudenbach Battle took place in Ober-Laudenbach . During the revolution of 1848/49 , more than 4,000 farmers from the Odenwald met there . They held a popular assembly to stand up for their constitutional rights. The meeting ended bloody when they faced 600 to 700 Hessian soldiers under government commissioner Christian Prinz. Prince declared the people's assembly illegal and demanded its dissolution. What exactly triggered the violence was never clarified, the result was a skirmish with several dead including Christian Prinz and the capture of 107 men by the military. 15 of the participants in the meeting were sentenced to long imprisonment in some cases in 1851.

In the course of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent community of Ober-Laudenbach was incorporated into Heppenheim on December 31, 1971. For Ober-Laudenbach, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was formed according to the Hessian municipal code.

Historical descriptions

The geographical-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Pfalz am Rheine from 1786 reports on the then Electoral Palatinate town:

“Ober-Laudenbach, a village, and indeed the largest in this center , is three hours south-west of Lindenfels, and has neighbors towards east Banzweiler and the Kurmainzische Ober-Liebersbach; towards the south the Balzendacher Hof; against West Unter-Laudenbach; to the north the Heppenheim forest. It is called to differences of the Oberamt Ladenburg belonging to the eponymous patch Ober-Laudenbach. Even in the description of the hubs of the Lorsch monastery it is called superior Ludenbach. The Laudendach rises above the village, from which both places take their name, drives a mill in the village and flows to Unter-Laudenbach. In 1784 42 families were recorded, with 161 souls, 24 houses 194 m Aecker, 25 m meadows, 7 m gardens and 4 m woods, which belong to the Huben. ... All members of the religion are parish in Unter-Laudenbach. The big tithe, like the previous one, is shared by the Palatinate Court Chamber and the Kurmainzische because of the Lorsch Monastery. But the temporary chief bailiff enjoys the little ones. (of the Oberamt ) "

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports in 1829 about the place now belonging to the Grand Duchy of Hesse:

"Oberlaudenbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) evangel. Protest. and cath. Branch village; is 3 St. von Lindenfels consists of 44 houses and has 340 inhabitants. 164 of them are for the evangelicals of Baden. Protest. Parish Unterlaudenbach and 176 belong to the Baden Cath. Parish Hemsbach are parish. The place was exchanged from Erbach to Churpfalz in 1561 and to Hesse in 1802. "

Administration and courts

During the Hessian period, the responsible administrative units changed several times as a result of administrative reforms. Initially, the place still belonged to the Lindenfels District Bailiwick and from 1812 Ober-Laudenbach was administered by the Heppenheim Office. In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, whereby it was assigned to the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created that were now independent of the administration and whose seat was deliberately separated from the administrative seat, with the regional court for the district in Fürth .

In 1832 the units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Ober-Laudenbach now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, however, they returned to the division into circles. Ober-Laudenbach now belonged to the Heppenheim district again.

On November 1, 1938, a drastic regional reform was carried out in the three provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse . In Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly hard hit, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 221  hectares , of which 37 were forest hectares.

The responsible jurisdiction also changed several times during the affiliation to Hesse. After the Fürth Regional Court was initially responsible, Ober-Laudenbach changed to the Lorsch Regional Court on April 1, 1840 . In 1879 the regional court was renamed “Amtsgericht Lorch” and the regional court Darmstadt was assigned as a higher instance. On October 1, 1934, the Lorsch District Court was dissolved and the district of Hofheim was assigned to the District Court of Worms , Bobstadt and the city of Bürstadt to the District Court of Lampertheim and Ober-Laudenbach to the District Court of Bensheim .

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Ober-Laudenbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1786: 161 souls, 42 families in 24 houses
• 1806: 236 inhabitants, 38 houses
• 1829: 340 inhabitants, 44 houses
• 1867: 392 inhabitants, 52 houses
Ober-Laudenbach: Population from 1784 to 2011
year     Residents
1784
  
 161
1806
  
 236
1829
  
 340
1834
  
 398
1840
  
 402
1846
  
 378
1852
  
 389
1858
  
 418
1864
  
 397
1871
  
 360
1875
  
 366
1885
  
 331
1895
  
 341
1905
  
 370
1910
  
 356
1925
  
 335
1939
  
 310
1946
  
 378
1950
  
 402
1956
  
 389
1961
  
 403
1967
  
 526
1970
  
 496
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 690
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census:

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 164 Protestant (= 48.24%) and 176 Catholic (= 51.76%) residents
• 1961: 162 Protestant (= 40.20%), 232 Roman Catholic (= 57.57%) residents

politics

Local advisory board

For Ober-Laudenbach there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Ober-Laudenbach) with a local advisory board and local chief according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of seven members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had two members of the SPD and five members of the CDU . The head of the village is Susanne Benyr (CDU).

Borderline

The district has a curiosity in the borderline between Hesse and Baden-Württemberg, because its northern part forms an enclave in the Baden-Württemberg area for historical reasons , which is separated from the main Hessian area by a Baden-Württemberg road. Within this enclave there is in turn a Baden-Württemberg exclave.

A second Baden-Württemberg exclave is located in the southern part of the city in Hessian territory, this part of Ober-Laudenbach is also an exclave of the city of Heppenheim , as it is separated from it by the Hessian community of Mörlenbach .

Web links

Commons : Ober-Laudenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Ober-Laudenbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  3. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . No. 5a ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB] - compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  4. ^ Regesta of the City of Heppenheim No. 27, 79
  5. ↑ a b c Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Palatinate on the Rhine . First part. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1786, OCLC 1067855437 , p. 504 ff ., Neue Zent ( online at googe books ).
  6. ↑ Regesta of the City of Heppenheim No. 270
  7. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 40 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  8. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (PDF 8.61 MB) Battle near Ober-Laudenbach. P. 19 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  9. ↑ Karl-Heinz Meier barley, Karl Reinhard Hinkel: Hesse. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation . Ed .: Hessian Minister of the Interior. Bernecker, Melsungen 1977, DNB  770396321 , OCLC 180532844 , p. 208 .
  10. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 37 kB) § 5. In: Website. City of Heppenheim, accessed August 2019 .
  11. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 172 ( online at google books ).
  12. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 248 ( online at google books ).
  13. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  14. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  15. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  16. ↑ Announcement, district changes with regard to the regional court districts of Fürth and Lorsch, as well as the physics districts of Fürth, Heppenheim and Waldmichelbach on February 9, 1840 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1840 no. 6 , p. 56 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 61.2 MB ]).
  17. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  18. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  19. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  20. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  21. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 66 ( online at google books ).
  22. ↑ Local council election city of Heppenheim (Bergstrasse) - Ober-Laudenbach from March 16, 2016. In: votemanager.de. vote iT GmbH, accessed December 2019 .
  23. ^ Local Advisory Board Ober-Laudenbach. In: website. City of Heppenheim, accessed December 2019 .