Erbach (Heppenheim)

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Erbach
Coat of arms of Erbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 18 ″  N , 8 ° 40 ′ 13 ″  E
Height : 236  (197-267)  m
Area : 1.9 km²
Residents : 747  (May 9, 2011)
Population density : 393 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : February 1, 1972
Postal code : 64646
Area code : 06252

Erbach is a district of Heppenheim (Bergstrasse) in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

The village is surrounded by vineyards and meadows in the valley formed by the stream of the same name on the western edge of the Odenwald .

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Erbach was first mentioned in the 12th century in connection with the donation of a vineyard to the Lorsch monastery in the Lorsch Codex as Er (p) bach or Ertbach .

In the Middle Ages, Erbach and five other places belonged to Villa Heppenheim as a branch village . These six places were Erbach, Kirschhausen , Unter- and Ober-Hambach , Sonderbach and Wald-Erlenbach . The farms in these localities had sufficient resources such as forest, fields and water to form independent units, but were closely linked to Heppenheim through a market community. From an ecclesiastical point of view, the inhabitants belonged to Peterskirche Heppenheim .

Erbach belonged to the possessions of the Lorsch Monastery, which was elevated to an imperial abbey in 772 and was therefore directly subordinate to the king or emperor. On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and the associated district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", in which Erbach later emerged, to the imperial monastery. On May 12, 1012, King Heinrich II in Bamberg, at the request of Lorsch Abbot Bobbo, lent the forest and wild bans within the Mark Michelstadt and the Mark Heppenheim to the Lorsch Monastery forever. This was done primarily with the aim of promoting the urbanization of the front Odenwald, which at that time still largely consisted of primeval forest. The cultivation work was probably organized by the Altenmünster Monastery , which was reactivated in 1071 and from which Lorsch Monastery was founded. In the course of these measures, at least most of the six Heppenheim branch villages should have been created. Further mentions of Erbach that have survived in the 15th century are:

  • From the year 1426, when Henne Yring von Mauchenheim was known to have received "4 acres of land on the Opsprechten in Erpacher Marke" from Schenk Konrad von Erbach as a fief .
  • In 1435 the brothers Wiprecht and Hans von Helmstadt announced that they had received a third of the tithe from Erbach, which they had together with the late Henne Werberg, from Archbishop Dieter von Mainz as a fief.
  • From 1487, when Konrad von Frankenstein and his wife Apollonia, b. von Cronberg, sell their so-called "Cronbergsgüter" in Erbach to the altarist Johann Marx zu Bensheim.

During this time "Dorf Erbach" ( Erpach ) is mentioned many times in historical documents, especially as part of a fiefdom . However, it is often unclear whether this refers to the current district of Heppenheim. In particular, a document dated October 10, 1451 with the wording: “Paulus Angerspach confesses that he was given by Schenk Konrad IX. von Erbach-Erbach has received a castle loan to Erbach, consisting of a house in Erbach, located near the church, two Mannsmat meadows below the village of Erpach, which border on Hans Kodbuß, and a garden and two acres of fields behind the chicken garden. " leave doubts that “Dorf Erbach” refers to the Filialdorf Erbach belonging to Heppenheim, because after these taxes the village Erpach was located below Erbach in the Odenwald. Probably the village Erbach refers to today's district of Dorf-Erbach in the city of Erbach in the Odenwald . More precise information about the subsidiary villages, which may only have consisted of a few farmsteads, is only passed down from 1566. 116 hearths are named for the five settlements.

The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. During the investiture dispute - from 1076 (Reichstag in Worms) to 1122 (Worms Concordat) - many possessions had to be surrendered to the nobility. In the late 12th century an attempt was made to reorganize the administration by recording the old title deeds ( Lorsch Codex ). Nevertheless, in 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the reform, so they had to leave the abbey and were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery . Then there were serious disputes between the Archdiocese of Mainz and the Electoral Palatinate as the owner of the bailiwick , which could only be settled in 1247. The Electoral Palatinate was able to assert itself and retained the rights associated with the Bailiwick. In 1248 the Cistercian monks were replaced by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery and from then on the Lorsch monastery had the status of a provost's office .

In 1267 a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) was named for the first time , who also administered the "Office Starkenburg" , to which Erbach belonged. The high jurisdiction was exercised by the " Zent Heppenheim ", whose chief judge was also the burgrave.

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran creed, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

In the course of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Spanish troops of the "Catholic League" conquered the region and in 1623 restored the rule of Kurmainzer. The Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was then largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic Church. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after ten years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time reported from the region: “Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty”. With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established.

After the end of the war, the pledge was paid back to Electoral Palatinate in 1650 and the district of the Starkenburg Oberamt also formally belonged to Kurmainz again. Already 50 years after the end of the Thirty Years' War, the region again suffered heavily from the consequences of the war when France tried to move its borders to the east in the Palatinate War of Succession . It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine.

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. Erbach was assigned to the "Office Heppenheim", the jurisdiction remained with the "Zent Heppenheim". The district bailiwick was in turn subordinate to the Starkenburg Oberamt in the “Lower Archbishopric” of the “Electorate of Mainz” .

From the 19th century until today

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was adopted, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Lunéville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . Through this reorganization, Kurmainz was dissolved, the Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Erbach came to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt . The "Amt Heppenheim" was continued as the Hessian district bailiff , but the Oberamt was dissolved in 1805. In the same year the elector moved from Mainz to Regensburg.

The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the " Zent Heppenheim " and the associated central courts had finally lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of France against high military contingents and membership of the Rhine Confederation , otherwise he was threatened with invasion.

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau. from 1812 reports about Erbach:

“Erbach is also a small village half an hour from Heppenheim east in the mountains and on the brook of the same name. 149 souls live in its 10 houses. It comes in Trad. Laurish. all already under the name Erpbach (No. 3813) and Erlbach (No. 3814). "

There is also a report on Heppenheim and all six branch locations:

“All these places with the city of Heppenheim contain 633 residential buildings and 4460 residents. Among the latter are 4,383 Catholics, 27 Lutherans and 6 Jews. At Güthern this includes 3458 acres of fields, 1917 acres of meadows and pastures, 678 acres of vineyards and 3467 acres of forest. [...] The dasige ( Kirschhausen ) Schultheiß is also placed in front of the towns of Erbach, Sonderbach, Walderlenbach and Guldeklingen. "

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed the boundaries of the Principality of Starkenburg. In addition, Article 47 assigned other areas to the Grand Duchy of Hesse, including Worms , Alzey , Bingen and Mainz , an area known as Rheinhessen . In 1815 the Grand Duchy joined the German Confederation . By the treaty of Frankfurt on June 30, 1816 Grand Duke Ludwig came as a result of German war which even before the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss occupied on 6 September 1802 Duchy of Westphalia from the King of Prussia. In 1816 provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy, with the area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” .

In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and districts were introduced, with Sonderbach being assigned to the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created that were now independent of the administration and whose seat was deliberately separated from the administrative seat, with the regional court for the district in Fürth . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The so-called Vierdorf community was established with the mayor's office in Kirschhausen . This also included Erbach, Wald-Erlenbach and Sonderbach . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The "Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse" reported in 1829:

"Erbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Branch village; is located in the mountains 2 1/4 St. von Lindenfels and has 21 houses and 197 inhabitants, except for 2 Luth. are catholic. The village appears in Lorsch documents under the name Erpbach and Erlbach and came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as a second district alongside the Bensheim district . Erbach was assigned to the Heppenheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and basic pensions were replaced by a tax system that still largely exists today.

The joint administration of Erbach, Sonderbach and Walderlenbach by the mayor's office in Kirschhausen became known as the "Vier-Dorf" and existed until 1962 when Erbach became independent. During this time, the four village shared the rest of the story. For more details see Kirschhausen history .

Further statistical information about Erbach from the following period is:

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Erbach: The Catholic branch village had 213 inhabitants. The district consisted of 213 acres , including 510 acres of arable land, 62 acres of meadows and 164 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Erbach with the mayor's office in Kirschhausen, 29 houses, 248 inhabitants, the district of Heppenheim, the district court of Lorsch , the Protestant parish Schlierbach of the deanery Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Heppenheim of the deanery Heppenheim, stated.

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 190  hectares , of which 25 hectares were forest.

It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that Erbach achieved a certain level of communal independence as part of the four-village community. The four-village contract of 1906 gave Erbach its own local council, but remained under joint administration. The detachment from Vierdorf was not completed until 1962. The accompanying independence and administration under Mayor Georg Umhauer ended ten years later as part of the regional reform in Hesse with the incorporation into Heppenheim on February 1, 1972. The efforts to establish the Vierdorf as a separate municipality in the course of the regional reform failed due to the resistance of the former Heppenheim mayor Wilhelm Metzendorf and the district council. Like all of the places in the former Vier-Dorf, Erbach received its own local advisory council and mayor according to the Hessian municipal code .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Erbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1806: 149 inhabitants, 10 houses
• 1829: 197 inhabitants, 29 houses
• 1867: 248 inhabitants, 29 houses
Erbach: Population from 1806 to 2011
year     Residents
1806
  
 149
1829
  
 197
1834
  
 208
1840
  
 216
1846
  
 228
1852
  
 213
1858
  
 228
1864
  
 253
1871
  
 251
1875
  
 241
1885
  
 246
1895
  
 226
1905
  
 232
1910
  
 232
1925
  
 277
1939
  
 268
1946
  
 326
1950
  
 307
1956
  
 341
1961
  
 405
1967
  
 578
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2005
  
 838
2011
  
 747
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census:

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 2 Lutheran (= 1.02%) and 195 Catholic (= 98.98%) residents
• 1961: 19 Protestant (= 4.69%), 381 Roman Catholic (= 94.07%) residents

politics

Local advisory board

For Erbach there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Erbach) with a local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of nine members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had five members of the CDU / WGE, two members of the GLE and two members of the FWG. The head of the village is Ursula Hammann (CDU / WGE).

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the Erbach district is described as follows:

In red a silver oblique left-hand shaft bar, topped by a six-spoke silver wheel and at the bottom by a fallen silver vine leaf, topped with a red nailed cross.

  • The silver wavy bar stands for the part of the name "-bach".
  • The wheel and the Nagelspitzkreuz indicate the former local lords, Kurmainz and Lorsch Abbey.
  • The vine leaf symbolizes viticulture in Erbach, whereas the vine leaf with the cross shows that the first mention in the Lorsch Codex is related to viticulture.

societies

  • Voluntary fire brigade Erbach
  • Choral society Concordia Erbach
  • Erbacher Heimat- und Kerweverein eV
  • Kindergarten support association Tatzelwurm
  • Sports club Erbach 1946 eV

Personalities who were born in Erbach

  • Philipp Antes (1776–1829), ophthalmologist and surgeon, from 1814 to 1816 head of the first eye clinic in the Russian capital Saint Petersburg
  • Peter Helmling (1817–1901), Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Tartu (then Dorpat )

Infrastructure

  • Multi-purpose hall Erbach , built with the residents' own contribution and inaugurated in 1976
  • former school (inaugurated in 1905), today kindergarten
  • Haus Emmaus , community center (inaugurated in 2002)

literature

  • Heppenheim-Erbach Home and Beautification Association (ed.): Erbacher Heimatbuch , Heppenheim-Erbach 1996
  • Wilhelm Metzendorf: Heppenheimer Lexikon. Verlag Laurissa, Lorsch 1986. ISBN 3-922781-69-1
  • Verkehrs- und Heimatverein Heppenheim eV (Hrsg.): 1250 years Heppenheim. ABT Mediengruppe, Weinheim 2005. ISBN 3-00-016093-0
  • Leonhard Rettig: The mention of Heppenheim and the Starkenburg in the Lorsch Codex. Magistrate of the district town of Heppenheim an der Bergstrasse (Ed.), Heppenheim 1970.
  • Heinrich Bräuer: Erbach branch - “Haus Emmaus” community center . in: 100 years "Cathedral of Bergstrasse St. Peter Heppenheim." Förderverein Marienhaus (publisher), Heppenheim 2004
  • Literature about Erbach in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Erbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Erbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 5), documents 3813 and 3814. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, pp. 309, 311 , accessed on April 29, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . June 2010, Introduction ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB ] Compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  5. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 171 .
  6. ^ Regest of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle , No. 473
  7. ^ Regest of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle , No. 17
  8. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 f . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 195 f . ( Online at google books ).
  11. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  12. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 62 ( online at google books ).
  13. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 335 ( online at google books ).
  14. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 24 ( online at google books - Gem. Kirschhausen).
  15. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
  16. ^ Unsuccessful efforts for "Vierdorf". (PDF) (No longer available online.) Manheimer Morgen, p. 97 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on June 19, 2019 (original website no longer available).
  17. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 37 kB) § 5. In: Website. City of Heppenheim, accessed August 2019 .
  18. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  19. ↑ List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  20. ↑ Local council election city of Heppenheim (Bergstrasse) - Erbach from March 16, 2016. In: votemanager.de. vote iT GmbH, accessed December 2019 .
  21. ↑ Local Advisory Board Erbach. In: website. City of Heppenheim, accessed December 2019 .