Wald-Erlenbach

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Wald-Erlenbach
Coat of arms of Wald-Erlenbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 37 "  N , 8 ° 43 ′ 27"  E
Height : 227 m above sea level NHN
Area : 1.7 km²
Residents : 740 approx.
Population density : 435 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : February 1, 1972
Postal code : 64646
Primaries : 06252, 06253

Wald-Erlenbach is an odenwälder district of Heppenheim (Bergstrasse) in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

The village has a peculiar location in the Vorderen Odenwald in a small valley basin through which the water-rich Pfalzbach , also known as Lörzenbach , flows in a west-east direction towards Weschnitz . It is due to the geographical peculiarity that there was an old healing spring in Wald-Erlenbach, which is now completely buried.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

The earliest surviving documentary evidence proves the existence of the place Erlebach since 1409, when Haneman von Weinheim received the village with all its accessories as a man fief from the donor Johannes II von Erbach-Reichenberg zu Fürstenau . For this reason, the place celebrated its 600th anniversary in 2009.

In the Middle Ages, Wald-Erlenbach and five other places belonged to Villa Heppenheim as a branch village . These six places were besides Sonderbach , Ober- and Unterhambach , Erbach and Kirschhausen . The farms in these localities had sufficient resources such as forest, fields and water to form independent units, but were closely linked to Heppenheim through a market community. From an ecclesiastical point of view, the inhabitants belonged to Peterskirche Heppenheim .

Wald-Erlenbach belonged to the possessions of the Lorsch Monastery , which was elevated to an imperial abbey in 772 and was thus directly subordinate to the king or emperor. On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and the associated district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", in which Wald-Erlenbach later emerged, to the imperial monastery. On May 12, 1012, King Heinrich II in Bamberg, at the request of Lorsch Abbot Bobbo, lent the forest and wild bans within the Mark Michelstadt and the Mark Heppenheim to the Lorsch Monastery forever. This was done primarily with the aim of promoting the urbanization of the front Odenwald, which at that time still largely consisted of primeval forest. The cultivation work was probably organized by the Altenmünster Monastery , which was reactivated in 1071 and from which Lorsch Monastery was founded. In the course of these measures, at least most of the six Heppenheim branch villages should have been created. More precise information about the subsidiary villages, which may only have consisted of a few farmsteads, is only passed down from 1566. 116 hearths are named for the five settlements.

The heyday of the monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. During the investiture dispute - from 1076 (Reichstag in Worms) to 1122 (Worms Concordat) - many possessions had to be surrendered to the nobility. In the late 12th century an attempt was made to reorganize the administration by recording the old title deeds ( Lorsch Codex ). Nevertheless, in 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey and were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery . Then there were serious disputes between the Archdiocese of Mainz and the Electoral Palatinate as the owner of the bailiwick , which could only be settled in 1247. The Electoral Palatinate was able to assert itself and retained the rights associated with the Bailiwick. In 1248 the Cistercian monks were replaced by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery and from then on the Lorsch monastery had the status of a provost's office .

In 1267, a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) was named for the first time , who also administered the "Office Starkenburg" , to which Walderlenbach was one. The high jurisdiction was exercised by the " Zent Heppenheim ", whose chief judge was also the burgrave.

The next remaining mention of Walderlenbach comes from the year 1414, when Count Palatine Ludwig III. the Schenk Konrad von Erbach with the tithe to Erlebach belehnte .

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran creed, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

From 1613 it is known that the serfs from Waldmichelbach belonged to the Palatinate house Lindenfels .

In the course of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Spanish troops of the "Catholic League" conquered the region and in 1623 restored the rule of Kurmainzer. The Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was then largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic Church. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after ten years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time reported from the region: “Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty”. With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established.

After the end of the war, the pledge was paid back to Electoral Palatinate in 1650 and the district of the Starkenburg Oberamt also formally belonged to Kurmainz again. Already 50 years after the end of the Thirty Years' War, the region again suffered heavily from the consequences of the war when France tried to move its borders to the east in the Palatinate War of Succession . It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine.

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. Walderlenbach was assigned to the "Office Heppenheim", the jurisdiction remained with the "Zent Heppenheim". The district bailiwick was in turn subordinate to the Starkenburg Oberamt in the “Lower Archbishopric” of the “Electorate of Mainz” .

From the 19th century until today

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was adopted, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Lunéville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . Through this reorganization, Kurmainz was dissolved, the Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Wald-Erlenbach came to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt . The "Amt Heppenheim" was continued as the Hessian district bailiff , but the Oberamt was dissolved in 1805. In the same year the elector moved from Mainz to Regensburg.

The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this, the "Zent Heppenheim" and the associated central courts had finally lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of France against high military contingents and membership of the Rhine Confederation , otherwise he was threatened with invasion.

The "historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau." From 1812 reported under the section. Heppenheimer villages :

"Walderlenbach, a village of 8 houses and 71 residents, is located on the Pfalzbächlein which drives a mill there on the borders of the former Lindenfels office and an hour and a half from Heppenheim."

There is also a report on Heppenheim and all six branch locations:

»All these places with the city of Heppenheim contain 633 residential buildings and 4460 residents. Among the latter are 4,383 Catholics, 27 Lutherans and 6 Jews. At Güthern this includes 3458 acres of fields, 1917 acres of meadows and pastures, 678 acres of vineyards and 3467 acres of forest. [...] Dasige ( Kirschhausen ) Schultheiß is also placed in front of the towns of Erbach, Sonderbach, Walderlenbach and Guldeklingen. "

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed the boundaries of the Principality of Starkenburg. In addition, Article 47 assigned other areas to the Grand Duchy of Hesse, including Worms , Alzey , Bingen and Mainz , an area known as Rheinhessen . In 1815 the Grand Duchy joined the German Confederation . By the treaty of Frankfurt on June 30, 1816 Grand Duke Ludwig came as a result of German war which even before the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss occupied on 6 September 1802 Duchy of Westphalia from the King of Prussia. In 1816 provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy, with the area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” .

In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and districts were introduced, with Sonderbach being assigned to the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created that were now independent of the administration and whose seat was deliberately separated from the administrative seat, with the regional court for the district in Fürth . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The so-called Vierdorf community was established with the mayor's office in Kirschhausen . This also included Walderlenbach, Sonderbach and Erbach . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The "Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse" reported in 1829:

»Walderlenbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Filialdorf is 2 St. from Lindenfels, 1 St. from Heppenheim, consists of 10 houses and 68 catholic. Inhabitant. The place came from Mainz to Hessen in 1802. "

In 1832 the units were enlarged one more time and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district to which Wald-Erlenbach now belonged next to the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

In the newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states from 1845 the following entry can be found:

“Walderlenbach near Lindenfels. - Village, belonging to the parish of Rimbach with regard to Lutherans, belonging to the parish of Schlierbach with regard to the Reformed, and belonging to the parish of Heppenheim with regard to the Catholics. - 10 H. 68 E. - Großherzogth. Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Lorsch District Court. - Hofger. Darmstadt. - The place came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

The joint administration of Erbach, Sonderbach and Walderlenbach by the mayor's office in Kirschhausen became known as the "Vier-Dorf" and existed until 1962 when Erbach became independent. During this time, the four village shared the rest of the story. For more details see Kirschhausen history .

Further statistical information about Wald-Erlenbach from the following period is:

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Walderlenbach: The Catholic branch village had 76 inhabitants. The district consisted of 678 acres , including 354 acres of arable land, 84 acres of meadows and 218 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Wald-Erlenbach with the mayor's office in Kirschhausen, 13 houses, 109 inhabitants, the Heppenheim district, the Lorsch district court , the Protestant parish Schlierbach of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish Heppenheim of the dean's office in Heppenheim.

The old school was established in 1870. A Catholic church was built in mid-1960 and inaugurated on July 17, 1965.

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 170  ha , 58 ha of which were forest.

The joint administration of Erbach, Sonderbach and Walderlenbach by the mayor's office in Kirschhausen was known as the "Vier-Dorf" and existed until 1962 when Erbach became independent. In the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , efforts were made to restore the four-village and to establish it as a separate municipality. However, these efforts failed due to the resistance of the then Mayor of Heppenheim Wilhelm Metzendorf and the district council, so that as part of the regional reform on February 1, 1972, all places of the former four-village became districts of Heppenheim. Like all of the places in the former four-village village, Wald-Erlenbach received its own local advisory board and mayor according to the Hessian municipal code .

Courts in Hessen

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court in the Lindenfels district was the court of first instance from 1821 . On April 1, 1840, Ober-Hambach, Unter-Hambach, Kirschhausen, Erbach, Sonderbach, Wald-Erlenbach and Ober-Laudenbach became part of the Lorsch district court .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts functioned as higher courts. This led to the renaming of the Lorsch District Court and allocation to the district of the Darmstadt District Court .

On October 1, 1934, the Lorsch District Court was dissolved and Sonderbach and most of the district were assigned to the Bensheim District Court .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Wald-Erlenbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1806: 71 inhabitants, 8 houses
• 1829: 68 inhabitants, 10 houses
• 1867: 109 inhabitants, 13 houses
Wald-Erlenbach: Population from 1806 to 2011
year     Residents
1806
  
 71
1829
  
 68
1834
  
 67
1840
  
 76
1846
  
 78
1852
  
 76
1858
  
 89
1864
  
 102
1871
  
 120
1875
  
 117
1885
  
 114
1895
  
 118
1905
  
 159
1910
  
 154
1925
  
 171
1939
  
 212
1946
  
 281
1950
  
 291
1956
  
 301
1961
  
 327
1967
  
 464
1970
  
 465
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 696
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census:

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 68 Catholic (= 100%) residents
• 1961: 35 Protestant (= 10.70%), 290 (= 88.69%) Roman Catholic residents

politics

For Wald-Erlenbach there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Wald-Erlenbach) with a local advisory board and local head according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board currently consists of eight members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had two members of the SPD and six members of the CDU . The head of the village is Heidrun-Barbara Jäger (CDU).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Wald-Erlenbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Districts. In: website. City of Heppenheim, accessed December 2019 .
  3. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . No. 313 ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB] - compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  4. ^ Regest of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle , introduction
  5. ^ Regest of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle , No. 17
  6. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 726-727 .
  7. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  8. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 195 ( online at google books ).
  10. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  11. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 253 ( online at google books ).
  12. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . tape  2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 728 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 335 ( online at google books ).
  14. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 90 ( online at google books ).
  15. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
  16. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the “Bergsträßer Anzeiger” 2007. (pdf 8.61 MB) Unsuccessful efforts for “Vierdorf”. P. 97 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  17. ↑ The unfulfilled dream of independence. (pdf 386 KB) KREIS / HEPPENHEIM, accessed on February 5, 2015 .
  18. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 37 kB) § 5. In: Website. City of Heppenheim, accessed August 2019 .
  19. ↑ Announcement, district changes with regard to the regional court districts of Fürth and Lorsch, as well as the physics districts of Fürth, Heppenheim and Waldmichelbach on February 8, 1840 . In: Grand Ducal Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1840 no. 5 , p. 46 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 61.2 MB ]).
  20. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  21. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State Jung (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  22. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  23. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  24. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  25. ↑ Law on the repeal of the provinces of Starkenburg, Upper Hesse and Rheinhessen from April 1, 1937 . In: The Reichsstatthalter in Hessen Sprengler (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1937 no.  8 , p. 121 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 11.2 MB ]).
  26. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  27. ↑ Local council election city of Heppenheim (Bergstrasse) - Wald-Erlenbach from March 16, 2016. In: votemanager.de. vote iT GmbH, accessed December 2019 .
  28. ^ Local Advisory Board Wald-Erlenbach. In: website. City of Heppenheim, accessed December 2019 .

Web links

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