Kirschhausen

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Kirschhausen
Coat of arms of Kirschhausen
Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 46 ″  N , 8 ° 41 ′ 22 ″  E
Height : 200  (182–229)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 5.8 km²
Residents : 1887  (May 9, 2011)
Population density : 325 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : February 1, 1972
Postal code : 64646
Area code : 06252
Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomew
Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomew

With the hamlet Igelsbach, Kirschhausen is the largest district of Heppenheim in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

geography

The place lies in a valley floor in the Odenwald . The federal highway 460 runs right through Kirschhausen .

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Kirschhausen was first mentioned in a document in 1130 as Kirzehusen in the Lorsch Codex , when the Lorsch Abbot Diemo left the Steinau Abbey near Michelstadt the village of Mumbach and a Hube in Kirschhausen in exchange for the land of Weinheim Castle.

In the Middle Ages, Kirschhausen and five other places belonged to Villa Heppenheim as a branch village . These six places were next to Kirschhausen, Erbach , Unter- and Ober-Hambach , Sonderbach and Wald-Erlenbach . The farms in these localities had sufficient resources such as forest, fields and water to form independent units, but were closely linked to Heppenheim through a market community. From an ecclesiastical point of view, the inhabitants belonged to Peterskirche Heppenheim . Kirschhausen belonged to the possessions of the Lorsch Monastery , which was elevated to an imperial abbey in 772 and was thus directly subordinate to the king or emperor. On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and the associated district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", in which Kirschhausen later arose, to the imperial monastery. On May 12, 1012, King Heinrich II in Bamberg, at the request of Lorsch Abbot Bobbo , granted the Lorsch Monastery a ban on forest and wild life within the Mark Michelstadt and the Mark Heppenheim for ever. This was done primarily with the aim of promoting the urbanization of the front Odenwald, which at that time still largely consisted of primeval forest. The cultivation work was probably organized by the Altenmünster Monastery , which was reactivated in 1071 and from which Lorsch Monastery was founded. In the course of these measures, at least most of the six Heppenheim branch villages should have been created. When Kirschhausen was first mentioned in a document in 1130, the estate came into the possession of the Steinau Abbey near Michelstadt. It is not mentioned again until 1362. This document shows that Kirschhausen is a branch village of the city of Heppenheim and belongs to the Archdiocese of Mainz . More precise information about the subsidiary villages, which may only have consisted of a few farmsteads, is only passed down from 1566. 116 hearths are named for the five settlements.

The heyday of the monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. During the investiture dispute - from 1076 (Reichstag in Worms) to 1122 (Worms Concordat) - many possessions had to be surrendered to the nobility. In the late 12th century an attempt was made to reorganize the administration by recording the old title deeds ( Lorsch Codex ). Nevertheless, in 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey and were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery . Then there were serious disputes between the Archdiocese of Mainz and the Electoral Palatinate as the owner of the bailiwick , which could only be settled in 1247. The Electoral Palatinate was able to assert itself and retained the rights associated with the Bailiwick. In 1248 the Cistercian monks were replaced by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery and from then on the Lorsch monastery had the status of a provost's office .

In 1267, a burgrave was named for the first time on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim), who also administered the “Office Starkenburg” , to which Kirschhausen was one. The high jurisdiction was exercised by the " Zent Heppenheim ", whose chief judge was also the burgrave.

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

A transfer of ownership has been handed down from 1541 in which Count Palatine Ludwig handed over two hubs in Kirschhausen that belonged to Steinbach Monastery to the Münsterbreysa and Mariental monasteries.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran creed, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

In the course of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Spanish troops of the "Catholic League" conquered the region and in 1623 restored the rule of Kurmainzer. The Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was then largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic Church. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after ten years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time reported from the region: “Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty”. With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established.

In 1632 the Lorsch Monastery received 26 florins and 18 Malter grains and oats from the tithe in Kirschhausen, and it is recorded from 1694 that the Mainz Cathedral Chapter received one third and the Lorsch Monastery two thirds of the great tithe . Furthermore, in Kirschhausen, the “New Tenth” had the cellar in Heppenheim and the tenth of 15 acres of the “Nonnenäcker” went to the Lorsch Monastery alone.

After the end of the war, the pledge was paid back to Electoral Palatinate in 1650 and the district of the Starkenburg Oberamt also formally belonged to Kurmainz again. Already 50 years after the end of the Thirty Years' War, the region again suffered heavily from the consequences of the war when France tried to move its borders to the east in the Palatinate War of Succession . It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine.

In 1747 the powder maker Dreyling received the ore concession in the Kirschhäuser Valley to Kreiswald and to the Guldenklinger Hof. At a time when mining in the Odenwald was slowly coming to an end.

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. Kirschhausen was assigned to the "Office Heppenheim", the jurisdiction remained with the "Zent Heppenheim". The district bailiwick was in turn subordinate to the Starkenburg Oberamt in the “Lower Archbishopric” of the “Electorate of Mainz” .

From the 19th century until today

Kirschhausen becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was adopted, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Lunéville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . Through this reorganization, Kurmainz was dissolved, the Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Kirschhausen came to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt . The "Amt Heppenheim" was continued as the Hessian district bailiff , but the Oberamt was dissolved in 1805. In the same year the elector moved from Mainz to Regensburg.

The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this, the " Zent Heppenheim " and the associated central courts had finally lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of France against high military contingents and membership of the Rhine Confederation , otherwise he was threatened with invasion.

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau from 1812 reported under the section. "Heppenheimer villages":

“Kirschhausen, a larger village, is located above Heppenheim in the mountains and is an hour away. This place appears under the Lorsch Abbot Deimo under the name Hirsehusen (S. Chronic. Lauresh. P. 254). The dasig Schultheiß is also in front of the places Erbach, Sonderbach, Walderlenbach and Guldeklingen. The latter place is today's Klingenhof, a hamlet which belongs to Kirschhausen, but from which it is still a strong quarter of an hour away. Both places together contain 28 residential buildings and 246 residents. There is also a mill there. "

There is also a report on Heppenheim and all six branch locations:

“All these places with the city of Heppenheim contain 633 residential buildings and 4460 residents. Among the latter are 4,383 Catholics, 27 Lutherans and 6 Jews. At Güthern this includes 3458 acres of fields, 1917 acres of meadows and pastures, 678 acres of vineyards and 3467 acres of forest. "

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed the boundaries of the Principality of Starkenburg. In addition, Article 47 assigned other areas to the Grand Duchy of Hesse, including Worms , Alzey , Bingen and Mainz , an area known as Rheinhessen . In 1815 the Grand Duchy joined the German Confederation . By the treaty of Frankfurt on June 30, 1816 Grand Duke Ludwig came as a result of German war which even before the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss occupied on 6 September 1802 Duchy of Westphalia from the King of Prussia. In 1816 provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy, with the area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” .

In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and districts were introduced, with Kirschhausen being assigned to the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created that were now independent of the administration and whose seat was deliberately separated from the administrative seat, with the regional court for the district in Fürth . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The so-called Vierdorf community with the mayor's office in Kirschhausen was set up. This also included Erbach , Sonderbach and Walderlenbach . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The "Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse" reported in 1829:

"Kirschhausen (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Branch village; is 2 1 / 4   St. Linde rock and 1 piece of Heppenheim, and has 32 houses and 303 inh., up to 3 Luth. and 2 reform. cath. are. The place occurs under the Lorsch Abbot Diemo under the name Hirsehusen. In 1802 Kirschhausen came from Mainz to Hesse. "

In 1832 the units were enlarged one more time and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district to which Kirschhausen now belonged. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

In the newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states from 1845 the following entries can be found:

“Kirschhausen near Lindenfels. - village, for evangel. Parish Schlierbach, resp. Catholic parish in Heppenheim. - 32 H. 303 (mostly Catholic) E. - Großherzogth. Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Lorsch District Court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Kirschhausen came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

“Kirschhäuser Thale, im, b. Heppenheim. - Mühlen (4), belonging to the Catholic parish of Heppenheim. - 4 H. 29 E. - Großherzogth. Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Lorsch District Court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. "

As a result of the March Revolution in 1848, with the “Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords” of August 7, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Four years later, however, they returned to the division into districts, which resulted in the district of Bensheim and, temporarily, the districts of Lindenfels and Wimpfen again being created in addition to the Heppenheim district . Kirschhausen now belonged to the Heppenheim district again.

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Kirschhausen: The Catholic branch village had 331 inhabitants. The district consisted of 2032 acres , including 950 acres of arable land, 156 acres of meadows and 850 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, Kirschhausen with its own mayor's office, 41 houses, 356 inhabitants, the district of Heppenheim, the Lorsch district court , the Protestant parish Schlierbach of the deanery Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Heppenheim of the deanery Heppenheim, were given . By Bürgermeisterei also were Lauterbach (29 houses, 148 inh.), Special Bach (20 houses, 158 inh.), Wood-Erlenbach (13 houses, 109 inh.), The premix mill (a house, 10 inh.) the Schäfers-Mühle (one house, 16 inh.) and the Guldenklinger-Hof (one house, 12 in.) are administered.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. 5 soldiers did not return to Kirschhausen, as can be seen from the memorial below the Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomew. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit.

At the end of the 19th century the industrial age slowly heralds itself. Infrastructure improvements result from the construction of railway lines. In 1869 the opening of the Nibelungen Railway from Worms via Lorsch to Bensheim was celebrated, where it was connected to the Rhein-Neckar Railway , which was completed in 1846 . Further infrastructure improvements were reported for 1900, so near Worms both the Ernst Ludwig Bridge for road traffic and the railway bridge over the Rhine were opened to traffic. The numbers of emigrants show that the times were also marked by a lot of poverty. From 1881 to 1900, 529,875 German emigrants were counted. On January 1, 1900, the Civil Code came into force throughout the German Empire .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, the Vierdorf community had to complain about 26 fallen or missing persons, whose names can be found on the memorial below the church, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human victims. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time. About 60 fallen or missing soldiers from this war did not return to the Vierdöfer community. Their names were also recorded on the memorial below the Catholic Church in Kirschhausen.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Kirschhausen also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions.

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 508  hectares , 184 hectares of which were forest.

The joint administration of Erbach, Sonderbach and Walderlenbach by the mayor's office in Kirschhausen became known as the "Vier-Dorf" and existed until 1962 when Erbach became independent. The last mayor of the Vierdorf was Wilhelm Schäfer. In the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , efforts were made to restore the four-village and to establish it as a separate municipality. However, these efforts failed due to the resistance of the then mayor of Heppenheim Wilhelm Metzendorf and the district council, so that as part of the regional reform in Hesse on February 1, 1972, all places of the former four-village became districts of Heppenheim. As early as December 1, 1970, the Igelsbach community was incorporated into Kirschhausen on a voluntary basis . Kirschhausen received its own local advisory board and mayor according to the Hessian municipal code .

Courts in Hessen

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The Darmstadt Court Court was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The first instance was offices or landlords . The court court was second instance for civil disputes, first instance for civil family law matters and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court in the Lindenfels district was the court of first instance from 1821 . On April 1, 1840, Ober-Hambach, Unter-Hambach, Kirschhausen, Erbach, Sonderbach, Wald-Erlenbach and Ober-Laudenbach became part of the Lorsch district court .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts functioned as higher courts. This led to the renaming of the Lorsch District Court and allocation to the district of the Darmstadt District Court .

On October 1, 1934, the Lorsch District Court was dissolved and Kirschhausen and most of the district were assigned to the Bensheim District Court .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Kirschhausen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1623: 22 citizens
• 1806: 246 inhabitants, 28 houses
• 1829: 303 inhabitants, 32 houses
• 1867: 365 inhabitants, 41 houses
Kirschhausen: Population from 1806 to 2011
year     Residents
1806
  
 246
1829
  
 303
1834
  
 320
1840
  
 360
1846
  
 365
1852
  
 331
1858
  
 352
1864
  
 375
1871
  
 404
1875
  
 398
1885
  
 381
1895
  
 452
1905
  
 623
1910
  
 662
1925
  
 645
1939
  
 684
1946
  
 999
1950
  
 1,025
1956
  
 1.008
1961
  
 1.105
1967
  
 1,290
1970
  
 1,411
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 1,887
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census:

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 3 Lutheran (= 0.99%), 2 Reformed (= 0.66%) and 298 Catholic (= 98.35%) residents
• 1961: 99 Protestant (= 8.96%), 994 Roman Catholic (= 89.95%) residents

politics

Local advisory board

For Kirschhausen there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Kirschhausen) with a local advisory board and local director according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of new members. Since the local elections in 2016, he has had two members of the SPD , six members of the CDU and one member of the FDP . The mayor is Jürgen Held (CDU).

coat of arms

Blazon : "In the shield, which is divided and split at the bottom, a golden cherry twig with three leaves and four fruits (Kirschhausen) in black above, a red cross of nails (Lorsch) in silver below and a silver wheel (Mainz) in red below left."

This coat of arms, which symbolizes the place name and history, was newly awarded to the community on January 8, 1951 by the Hessian State Ministry.

Sports

Two sports clubs are located in Kirschhausen, the Tennis Club Kirschhausen e. V. (TC Kirschhausen) and SV Kirschhausen 1921 e. V. The SV Kirschhausen has four departments: football, table tennis, volleyball and women's gymnastics.

SV Kirschhausen

The football department of SV Kirschhausen has 2 men's, 1 C-junior, 1 E-junior, 1 F-junior and a G-junior team (as of 09/2019). The 1st team of the men plays in the district league B (10th league), the 2nd team in the district league D (12th league).

Web links

Commons : Kirschhausen  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Kirschhausen, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  3. ↑ Lorscher Codex , Vol. 1, Chapters 143a – 143b, pp. 423–425
  4. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . Introduction ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB] - compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  5. ^ Regesta of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle. No. 9
  6. ^ Regesta of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle. No. 17
  7. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 382 f .
  8. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 195 ( online at google books ).
  11. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  12. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 123 ( online at google books ).
  13. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 751 ( online at google books ).
  14. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  15. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  16. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  17. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 335 ( online at google books ).
  18. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 46 ( online at google books ).
  19. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. (No longer available online.) In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  20. ↑ a b c d Monument project: Kirschhausen, City of Heppenheim , accessed in July 2015
  21. ^ Local history of Biblis. (No longer available online.) Municipality of Biblis, archived from the original on January 1, 2015 ; accessed on January 1, 2014 .
  22. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. (No longer available online.) 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  23. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (PDF; 8.61 MB) Unsuccessful efforts for "Vierdorf". (No longer available online.) P. 97 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  24. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 348 .
  25. ↑ Incorporation of the Igelsbach community into the Kirschhazúsen community, Bergstrasse district on November 24, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 49 , p. 2291 , point 2286 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
  26. ↑ Karl-Heinz Meier barley, Karl Reinhard Hinkel: Hesse. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation . Ed .: Hessian Minister of the Interior. Bernecker, Melsungen 1977, DNB  770396321 , OCLC 180532844 , p. 208 .
  27. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 37 kB) § 5. In: Website. City of Heppenheim, accessed August 2019 .
  28. ↑ Announcement, district changes with regard to the regional court districts of Fürth and Lorsch, as well as the physics districts of Fürth, Heppenheim and Waldmichelbach on February 9, 1840 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1840 no. 6 , p. 56 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 61.2 MB ]).
  29. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  30. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  31. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  32. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  33. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  34. ↑ Local council election city of Heppenheim (Bergstrasse) - Kirschhausen from March 16, 2016. In: votemanager.de. vote iT GmbH, accessed December 2019 .
  35. ↑ Kirschhausen local advisory board. In: website. City of Heppenheim, accessed December 2019 .
  36. ^ Karl Ernst Demandt and Otto Renkhoff : Hessisches Ortswappenbuch C. A. Starke Verlag, Glücksburg / Ostsee 1956, p. 113.
  37. ↑ Granting of the right to use a coat of arms to the community of Kirschhausen, Bergstrasse district, Darmstadt district on January 8, 1951 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1951 no. 4 , p. 26 , point 51 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.1 MB ]).