Territorial peculiarities in southwest Germany after 1810

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This article deals with territorial peculiarities in south-west Germany , which existed after the agreements concluded in Paris in 1810 between Baden , Württemberg and Hesse . For the purposes of this article, these are enclaves , exclaves , condominiums , shared places and other territories with a special status that existed in the area of ​​the predecessor states of Baden-Württemberg . The article indicates what circumstances led to their creation, what relationships existed between them and what changes their status has since been subject to.

introduction

Territorial fragmentation 1771
The area of ​​the later Grand Duchy of Baden 1771
The territory of the later Kingdom of Württemberg in 1789
Southwest Germany after 1850

In the Middle Ages, the area of ​​today's state of Baden-Württemberg was divided into hundreds of small and tiny territories. Due to the collapse of the duchies of Franconia and Swabia and the erosion of royal power in general during the interregnum , many small nobles succeeded in shaking off higher powers and forming their own rulers.

According to the understanding of the time, rulership rights could be alienated in the same way as other assets, for example through sale, inheritance or donation. The further territorial history of southwest Germany was largely shaped by these elements. Aristocratic families in debt tried, for example, to rehabilitate their finances by selling territories, while church institutions benefited from donations. By contrast, violent territorial changes were the exception - despite frequent wars.

The nature of these processes meant that many rulers did not develop into clearly delimited, self-contained territories, but instead consisted of several separate parts, depending on the occasion and fate. In the course of time, a patchwork of hundreds of different areas was created: duchies, principalities or counties existed alongside imperial cities, spiritual territories and possessions of the imperial knighthood , whose areas were complexly nested in one another. For example, Upper Austria alone consisted of dozens of scattered areas, and sometimes even individual places were divided up under different rulers. The assessment of these conditions, which existed until the early 19th century, is made even more difficult by the fact that “rule” consisted of many different rights - such as high and low jurisdiction or the tithe - which were not always in the same hand. Such a division of power still has an effect today, e.g. B. in Tägermoos near Konstanz (see below).

At the beginning of the 19th century, as a result of the Napoleonic wars , southwest Germany was amalgamated into larger territories, so that ultimately only Württemberg , Baden and Hohenzollern as well as a few exclaves of Hessen-Darmstadt existed in the area in question . The most important steps on this path were:

  • the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, some of which had already been implemented in 1802 and through which most of the imperial cities and clerical areas were assigned to those princes who were affected by the French annexations on the left of the Rhine;
  • the Pressburg Peace of 1805, in which the Upper Austrian territories were divided among the allies of France;
  • The Rhine Confederation Act of 1806, in which 16 south and west German princes seceded from the empire under the protection of France and at the same time enlarged their territory at the expense of the other princes, whereby the associated occupation of imperial knighthood areas had already taken place at the end of 1805;
  • a contract on the exchange of territories also concluded between Baden and Württemberg in 1806;
  • the 1810 French instigation between Bavaria and Württemberg (May 18), Baden and Hesse (September 8), Württemberg and Baden (October 2) agreed on reciprocal assignments of territory.

With the treaties of 1810, the borders of Baden, Württemberg and Hohenzollern were essentially set to the extent that they were to keep until 1945. This date is therefore a good starting point for the following considerations. If the diverse borders of power had previously been something everyday, their separating character now intensified as the new, larger countries sealed themselves off from one another. This posed particular problems to exclaves, e. B. in the movement of goods.

During the Napoleonic territorial changes, the participating states therefore pursued the goal of creating not only large, but also contiguous areas. In 1806, for example, Baden exchanged its recently acquired town of Biberach an der Riss , which was not connected to the rest of the state, for Württemberg in the Black Forest, and in 1810 Württemberg ceded the Landgraviate of Nellenburg an der Baden, which meant that the Baden possessions around Lake Constance were assigned a closed unit. However, the area was not completely cleared. This can be seen particularly clearly in the Ostrach area , where the old, complicated division of property between the Principality of Fürstenberg , the Salem Monastery and the Counts of Friedberg continued under Baden, Hohenzollern and Württemberg. New exclaves were even created, for example through the acquisition of Beuron and Achberg by Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

Since Württemberg and Bavaria agreed in their border treaty on a single, continuous border line and Baden's western border was largely determined by the Rhine, there were no reciprocal territorial inclusions at these points. However, Baden and Württemberg regulated their border affairs primarily by exchanging individual rulership rights, for example in the treaties of 1808 and 1843/46. A great solution did not come about as long as the old countries existed, so that a number of territorial peculiarities remained; after 1810 there were still over 30 exclaves and, as a territorial curiosity, condominiums in the area of ​​the southwestern German states. Most of these territorial units consisted of individual villages. In 1850, when the Hohenzollern principalities passed to Prussia , they became a Prussian exclave as a whole.

Partly with the formation of the state of Württemberg-Baden in 1945, at the latest with the formation of Baden-Württemberg in 1952, the dividing state borders ceased to exist. The affiliation of the exclaves to the respective formerly Baden, Württemberg or Hohenzollern district remained untouched at first, so that the administrative boundaries of the new federal state were shaped by the traditional historical conditions for a long time. It was not until the district reform of 1973 and the community reform that was taking place at the same time that most of these traces were removed.

The old state borders have been preserved to this day, with some corrections, in the Catholic dioceses of Freiburg (the formerly Baden and Hohenzollern areas), Rottenburg-Stuttgart (Württemberg) and Mainz (the Bad Wimpfen exclave ) and in the Protestant regional churches of Baden and Württemberg .

Today, in addition to the Büsingen exclave on the Upper Rhine in Switzerland , Baden-Württemberg also has two exclaves and one enclave that are created by the complicated borderline near the Hessian town of Ober-Laudenbach .

Baden enclaves

Map 1: Boundary near Ober-Laudenbach
Map 2: The demarcation between Baden, Hohenzollern and Württemberg near Ostrach
Map 3: Northern Lake Constance area with border changes in 1813 and 1846
  • Büsingen am Hochrhein ( → Map 9 ): The community once belonged to the Upper Austrian Landgraviate of Nellenburg . Since 1535, as in the other villages in the area, the bailiwick wasexercisedby a Schaffhausen family. After protracted disputes about the kidnapping of Vogts Eberhard Im Thurn , Schaffhausen lost its rights to Büsingen and all other villages in the Reiat in 1697. In 1728 Schaffhausen was able to reacquire the rights to the remaining Reiatorte, but Austria kept the rights to Büsingen to itself because of anger over the previous dispute. Büsingen therefore remained with Nellenburg, came to Württemberg in 1805 and Baden in 1810 . In the 20th century, several attempts by Büsingen to join Switzerland failed. Büsingen is therefore a German exclave within Switzerland to this day. In 1947 Switzerland lifted the customs border in Baden in consultation with the French occupying forces. A state treaty concluded in 1964 and entered into force in 1967 regulated further details and the area was officially included in the Swiss customs territory .
  • Verenahof (also Verenahöfe or Büttenharter Hof, → Map 9 ): The area occupied by three residential buildings belonged to the municipality of Wiechs am Randen , from which it was separated by a 200 to 300 meter wide strip and with this to the front county of Tengen . In 1806, their sovereign rights fell to Baden, so that the Verenahof became a Baden exclave within the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen . In 1815 and 1839, Swiss attempts to get the Verenahof failed. With a state treaty between Germany and Switzerland signed in 1964, which came into force on October 4, 1967, the Verenahof finally came to Switzerland as part of an exchange of territory. Today it belongs to the Swiss municipality of Büttenhardt .
  • Ober-Laudenbach ( → Map 1 ): The border between Baden-Württemberg and Hesse around the Heppenheim district of Ober-Laudenbach is very complicated. The road crossing the town belongs to the area of ​​the Baden-Württemberg community of Laudenbach , which separates most of Ober-Laudenbach from Hesse and forms an enclave in Baden-Württemberg. Within this enclave there is another enclave, which in turn belongs to Baden-Württemberg. There is also a small Baden-Württemberg exclave in Hesse to the south of the town. The origin of this curious border is in 1485, when Laudenbach was sold to the diocese of Worms and some areas were accidentally forgotten. These later joined the Lindenfels officeand came to Hesse in 1802, while Laudenbach also fell to Baden.
  • Michelbuch is a piece of forest to the right of the Neckar between Hirschhorn and Neckarsteinach , which until 1904 formed a Baden enclave within Hesse. The only residential building in the Michelbuch district is a forester's house. The area was originally owned by the Schönau Monastery , whose bailiwick was held by the Count Palatine near Rhine . The monastery was closed around 1560 and its property was administered by the Electoral Palatinate Office in Heidelberg. In 1802/03 this came to Baden. The area, also known as the Klosterwald district of the Schönau forest area, was surrounded by the Mainz office of Hirschhorn, which also fell to Hessen-Darmstadt in 1802/03. On January 1, 1905, the Michelbuch and another wooded area near Heddesbach were ceded to Hessen in exchange for the Hessian condominium share in Kürnbach. Due to a provision of the treaty, the Michelbuch is still an area free of parishes. The property continues to belong to the Evangelical Foundation Care Schönau in Heidelberg .
  • Schluchtern : The place belonged to the Electoral Palatinate as early as 1362and was administered by the Hilsbach winery in the Oberamt Mosbach . In 1803 the place briefly fell to the Principality of Leiningen , from there in 1806 to Baden, while the surrounding areas went to Württemberg, so that Schluchtern was now a Baden enclave in Württemberg. Several attempts by both sides to transfer the place to Württemberg remained without result. Immediately after the Second World War, on June 25, 1945, the American occupation forces decreed that the community would henceforth be subordinate to the Württemberg district of Heilbronn . After the formation of Baden-Württemberg, this transfer was once again confirmed by a state law. On January 1, 1970, Schluchtern merged with its neighboring town of Großgartach to form the new municipality of Leingarten . Großgartach, for its part, became joint property of Baden and Württemberg in 1803, but the Baden share was ceded to Württemberg in 1806.
  • Wittelbach ( → map 5 ): Thevillagein the Schuttertal belonged to the bishopric of Strasbourg in pre-Napoleonic timesand was an enclave within the county of Hohengeroldseck . With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the areas on the right bank of the Rhine of the diocese of Strasbourg, including Wittelbach, came to Baden. Wittelbach's ex-slave existence continued under new rule until Hohengeroldseck also became Baden in 1819. Administratively, the place was initially still separated from its surrounding area, since it belonged to the Ettenheim office. This situation came to an end on March 1, 1831, when Hohengeroldseck and Wittelsbach were jointly assigned to the Lahr office. Since January 1st, 1975 Wittelbach is part of the community of Seelbach .
  • Wangen ( → Map 2 ): The place near Ostrach belonged to the county of Heiligenberg , which came to Baden with the other Fürstenberg areas in 1806. It then bordered the Württemberg town of Jettkofen in the east and was otherwise surrounded by Hohenzollern territory. The municipality cheeks was state law on January 1, 1969 by the district Ueberlingen in the district of Sigmaringen relocated and incorporated into the community Ostrach on 1 December 1971 respectively.
  • Dichtenhausen ( → Map 2 ): In the small hamlet, southwest of Ostrach, Salem Monastery received several donations in the 13th and 14th centuries. Together with the village of Burgweiler further south-west,Dichtenhausen was ceded by Salem to the Grafschaft Heiligenberg in 1637, in exchange for sovereign rights in other places. Dichtenhausen came to Baden in 1806 via the (Fürstenberg) county of Heiligenberg, but Ostrach to Hohenzollern. Dichtenhausen was separated from the rest of Baden state territory by a narrow strip, so it formed an exclave and belonged to the municipality of Burgweiler. By state law, Dichtenhausen wasseparatedfrom the municipality of Burgweiler ( district of Überlingen )on January 1, 1969and assigned to the municipality of Ostrach ( district of Sigmaringen ).
  • Adelsreute ( → Map 3 ) came to the Salem monastery in 1134/38 through a donation from Guntram, the last lord of Adelsreute,and with this to Baden in 1803. From 1810 it was a Baden exclave within Württemberg. By state law it wasrelocatedfrom the Überlingen district to the surrounding Ravensburg district on January 1, 1969andincorporated into Ravensburg on October 1, 1974, since then it has belonged to the village of Taldorf .
  • Tepfenhard (also Tepfenhart, → Map 3 ), west of Adelsreute, belonged to Guntram's possessions, which he gave to the Salem monastery; in the 12th and 13th centuries, the monastery acquired other properties there. Belonging to the municipality of Adelsreute, but separated from it by a 3 km wide corridor, it formed a second Baden exclave within Württemberg. The incorporation contract of the municipality of Adelsreute stipulated that Tepfenhardshould be added tothe municipality of Horgenzell , which happened on December 1, 1974.
  • Auhof ( → Map 3 ): The single farm located on the western edge of the Rotach Valley belonged to the Fürstenberg County of Heiligenberg , which came to Baden in 1806. Until 1846 it was part of the Illwangen district and formed a Baden exclave in Württemberg. In 1846 the exclave was dissolved and the Auhof was assigned to the Württemberg community of Zußdorf. With this he has been part of the new Wilhelmsdorf community since January 1, 1973 .
  • Sießen ( → Map 3 ): Two kilometers southeast of the Auhof is the hamlet of Sießen, which shared its fortunes until 1846. He was then assigned to the community of Hasenweiler and came with this on March 1, 1972 to the new community of Horgenzell .
  • Ruchsen ( → Map 6 ): The village on the Jagst belonged to the Lords of Dürn in the 13th century, who gave the Seligental monastery property as a gift. In 1464 the monastery acquired local rule. In the monastery itself, Kurmainz gainedgreater and greater influence and, after the abolition of the monastery in 1568, retained secular rule. In 1803 Ruchsen came to Leiningen with the Seligental office, and then to Baden in 1806. From then on, Ruchsen bordered the Baden-Württemberg condominium town of Widdern in the east and was otherwise surrounded by Württemberg, i.e. essentially an exclave. In 1831 and 1834 tariff reductions came into force. On May 1, 1846, as part of an area swap, Widdern came completely to Württemberg, but the towns of Korb, Dippach and Hagenbach an Baden north of Ruchsen, so that Ruchsen now had a direct land connection to the rest of Baden. On March 1, 1972, Ruchsen wasincorporated into Möckmühl .
  • Amt Steinfeld : In 1333 the prince-bishopric of Würzburg acquired the Amt of Rothenfels, which lay on both sides of the Main north of Wertheim . In 1803 the office fell to the princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim . In 1806 their property was divided; the part to the right (i.e. west) of the Main with Rothenfels went to the short-lived Principality of Aschaffenburg , the left (i.e. east) of the Main to Baden. The administrative seat of this Baden exclave between the Principality of Aschaffenburg and the Grand Duchy of Würzburg , with eleven villages and 5300 inhabitants, was the village of Steinfeld . The surrounding area came to Bavaria through the Congress of Vienna. During this time Bavaria - based on Austrian promises - raised territorial claims in North Baden in order to obtain a land bridge to the Palatinate (Bavaria) . At the Aachen Congress in 1818, however, Bavaria's claims were rejected. As compensation, Austria acquired the Steinfeld office in exchange with Hohengeroldseck and left it to Bavaria, which was able to take possession of the enclave in 1819.

Württemberg exclaves

The Hohentwiel 1588
  • Hohentwiel ( → Map 9 ): Hegau ,located far from the original Württemberg region, came into the focus of Württemberg interests towards the end of the 15th century, as it was part of a possible land bridge to the County of Mömpelgard . In 1511 Duke Ulrich acquired theright of access to the Hohentwiel fortress, which dominates the Hegau, from the lords of the castle, the Klingenberg family. When Ulrich was expelled from Württemberg between 1519 and 1534, he took refuge in the castle and bought it provisionally in 1521, and then finally in 1538. From then on, the castle was an isolated possession of Württemberg, the closest town in Württemberg was Tuttlingen . When Württemberg acquired the Landgraviate of Nellenburg in 1805, the Hohentwiel was briefly connected to its other possessions. However, the Landgraviate of Nellenburg was ceded to Baden in 1810, so that the Hohentwiel then formed an exclave within Baden. In 1850 the fortress domain was declared a sub-municipality of the city of Tuttlingen. On January 1, 1969, the district of Hohentwiel was changed from Tuttlingen to Singen by state law.
  • Bruderhof ( → Map 9 ): The Bruderhof, a domain east of the Hohentwiel, was acquired by Württemberg along with it. Its area was not related to that of the Hohentwiel, so that it formed a second Württemberg exclave. The Bruderhof shared the further fortunes of the Hohentwiel, but had already been changed two years earlier, namely by state law of April 4, 1967 from Tuttlingen to Singen .
  • Deubach with Sailtheim ( → Map 7 ): Deubach belonged to the Balbach office of the Teutonic Order area. With this it came to Württemberg in 1809. When Württemberg ceded its shares in Oberbalbach and Unterbalbach to Baden in 1810, Deubach, north of it, became the Württemberg enclave within Baden and later belonged to the Mergentheim district . In 1956, Deubach voted in favor of staying with the latter, then on January 1, 1972, incorporated into the town of Königshofen in the Tauberbischofsheim district and thus transferred to a "Baden" district. Today it is a district of Lauda-Königshofen .
The Igersheim exclave Bowiesen in the Ochsenfurt Gau .
  • Bowiesen ( → Map 7 ): The small town, which had only 39 inhabitants in 1880, had belonged to the Teutonic Order since 1375 and was assigned to the Balbach office, with which it became part of Württemberg in 1809. Bowiesen was now wedged between Baden and Bavarian territory and belonged to the district of Mergentheim with the municipality of Bernsfelden, from which it was spatially separated. In 1956, the residents voted to keep these conditions. On January 1, 1972, the municipality of Bernsfelden including Bowiesen joined the municipality of Igersheim . Since the creation of the Main-Tauber-Kreis in 1973, Bowiesen is no longer separated from the rest of the district, but it is still separated from the rest of the municipality.
  • Mägerkingen ( → Map 4 ): On the upper reaches of the Lauchert there was a Württemberg enclave in the Hohenzollern area from 1806, which consisted of the three communities Mägerkingen, Hausen an der Lauchert and Bronnen (with Mariaberg). While Mägerkingen and Hausen were free float in Württemberg by the 15th century at the latest, Bronnen belonged to Mariaberg Abbey from 1706. This in turn was subordinate to the monastery Zwiefalten ,which had been imperial direct since 1750, whose territory also fell to Württemberg in 1802. If the three municipalities had already bordered Hohenzollern-Hechingen in the west, they werecompletely enclosed by Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen possessions in 1806when Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen acquired thebaronial-Spethian rule of Gammertingen to the south and Trochtelfingen to the north. From then on they belonged to the Oberamt or the district of Reutlingen . On January 1, 1972, Hausen wasincorporated into Trochtelfingen , which was also assigned to the Reutlingen district. On January 1, 1975 Mägerkingen also became part of Trochtelfingen. Bronnen moved to the new district of Sigmaringen during the district reform in 1973 and wasincorporated into Gammertingen on January 1, 1975.
  • Wirnsweiler ( → Map 2 ): The place with two farms and 16 inhabitants (1923) belonged to the municipality and county of Friedberg . By a contract of 1708 the county ceded forest rights and the property around Wirnsweiler to the Salemische Amt Ostrach, but kept the jurisdiction over Wirnsweiler, whereby the place became an island situation. In 1785 the county was sold to the Princes of Thurn and Taxis . These were given the office of Ostrach through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, but in 1806 their property was divided: Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen received Ostrach, Württemberg the other property located in Upper Swabia. Wirnsweiler thus became the Württemberg enclave in Hohenzollern. With the Friedberg community , Wirnsweiler only came to the city of Saulgau on January 1, 1975. On January 1, 1978, the hamlet was then incorporated into the surrounding community of Ostrach .
  • Hersberg ( → map 3 ): Hersberg Castle west of Immenstaad on Lake Constance was owned by the noble family of the same name. In 1621 the last member of the family sold the castle to the Ochsenhausen monastery. In 1803 Ochsenhausen was awarded to the Counts of Metternich , and in 1806 Württemberg. Since Immenstaadfell to Badenat the same time as the Fürstenberg County of Heiligenberg , Hersberg had become a Württemberg exclave in Baden. In 1846, Hersberg was ceded to Baden in an area swap.

Hohenzollern exclaves

Map 4: Hohenzollern Lands

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Hohenzollern principalities consisted of the two houses Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen . With a treaty dated December 7, 1849, their princes abdicated in favor of their relative, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia . The occupation by Prussia took place on April 6 (in Sigmaringen) and on April 8, 1850 (in Hechingen). The areas had thus become a Prussian exclave and were administered as the Sigmaringen administrative district. After the Second World War they came to Baden-Württemberg via the state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern . The districts of Hechingen and Sigmaringen formed in 1925 from the Hohenzollern regional offices were dissolved during the district reform in 1973 and their communities were distributed over a total of nine new districts. In the following, their area will be referred to as Hohenzollern without any further distinction .

  • Thalheim ( → Map 4 ): The place belonged to the county of Sigmaringen , with which the Counts of Hohenzollern were enfeoffed in 1535. As a result, he stayed with them while the surrounding Fürstenberg area fell to Baden in 1806. As a result, Thalheim formed an exclave located in Baden until the surrounding communities, including Leibertingen , became part of the new Sigmaringen district in 1973. On January 1, 1975 Thalheim was incorporated into Leibertingen.
  • Thiergarten ( → Map 4 ): Thiergarten is located in the Danube Valley between Beuron and Sigmaringen on both banks of the river. It was the northernmost place of the Messkirch rule, which became part of the Fürstenberg family in the 17th century. The Fürstenbergers built an ironworks there. In 1806 the rulership of Meßkirch was divided up, with the lion's share on the right bank going to Baden, the tiny left bank part with half of Thiergarten and the ironworks going to Hohenzollern. This part had no connection with the rest of Hohenzollern, so it was an exclave. After the north and east of Stetten and Gutenstein were ceded by Württemberg to Baden in 1810, it was completely within Baden. The Baden part of Thiergarten was assigned to the community of Gutenstein around 1890, which was incorporated into Sigmaringen on July 1, 1974. The Hohenzollern part was administered from Inzigkofen . The residents of Thiergarten spoke out in 1976 for joining the new municipality of Beuron. This request was granted when both parts of Thiergarten were transferred to Beuron on January 1, 1977.
  • Igelswies ( → Map 4 ): At the end of the old empire, Igelswies belonged to the Wald monastery , which had gradually acquired ownership and rights there since the 13th century. It was separated from the rest of the monastery area by a narrow Fürstenberg area strip. While the Fürstenberg possessions went to Baden in 1806, the Wald monastery fell to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, and Igelswies was henceforth a Hohenzollern exclave in Baden. On December 1, 1971 Igelswies was incorporated into the former Baden town of Meßkirch across the district border.
  • Tautenbronn ( → Map 4 ): In 1420, the Wald monastery boughtthe hamletnear Pfullendorf from citizens of the city and subsequently acquired further rights. While the imperial city came to Baden in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, forest was assigned to Hohenzollern in 1806. From then on Tautenbronn was a Hohenzollern exclave in Baden, whereby it belonged to the nearby community of Gaisweiler . The entire community was transferred to the (Baden) district of Überlingen on January 1, 1969. On January 1, 1975, it was incorporated into Pfullendorf. in the district of Sigmaringen .
  • Wilflingen ( → Map 4 ): The place had been in the possession of the Counts of Zollern since around 1300, after whose inheritance in 1567 it belonged to Hohenzollern-Hechingen . Already located outside the closed Hohenzollern area, from 1805 it was completely enclosed by Württemberg possessions. On January 1, 1969, the municipality of Wilflingen wasrelocatedby state law from the Hechingen district to the surrounding Rottweil district andincorporated into Wellendingen on January 1, 1974.
  • Beuron / Bärenthal ( → Map 4 ): The twocommunities that wereonce owned by the Beuron Monastery were added to the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1803 and henceforth formed a Hohenzollern exclave between Baden and Württemberg. Beuron received a connection to the rest of the Sigmaringen district through the district reform in 1973, while Bärenthal was added to the Tuttlingen district.
  • Langenenslingen with Billafingen ( → Map 4 ): The two places formed the lower county of Veringen , which was given to the Count of Hohenzollern as a fief by Habsburg in 1535. They were separatedfrom the county of Sigmaringenby the Stauffenberg rule over Egelfingen and Wilflingen. In 1805 Wuerttemberg took over this rule, attempts by Hohenzollern to win it over failed, so that Langenenslingen and Billafingen became an enclave in Wuerttemberg. During the district reform in 1973, both communities moved to the surrounding district of Biberach .
  • Achberg ( → Map 4 ): The Achberg rule came to the Teutonic Order in 1691. From there it fell to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1806and thus became a Hohenzollern exclave between Bavaria and Württemberg. On January 1, 1969, the municipality of Achberg was moved by state law from the district of Sigmaringen to the neighboring district of Wangen inWürttemberg.
  • Hirschlatt ( → Map 3 ): The Hirschlatt rulership consisted of the towns of Hirschlatt and Kehlen as well as several hamlets northeast of the imperial city of Buchhorn (now Friedrichshafen ). Around 1150, the Kreuzlingen monastery received property here. In 1255 Werner von Raderach bought the village of Jettenhausen, west of Hirschlatt, which was added to the rule. The bailiwick of the rule changed several times until the monastery acquired it itself in 1659, plus the high level of jurisdiction in 1749. In the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss Hohenzollern-Hechingen got the area, while the surrounding area fell to Württemberg until 1810. This finally bought the Hirschlatt rule from the Hohenzollern in 1813. Jettenhausen's community membership changed from Hagendorn to Berg (1825), to Schnetzenhausen (1850) and finally to Friedrichshafen (1937). The rest of the rulership formed its own municipality until 1937, then Hirschlatt himself was defeated in Ettenkirch and came to Friedrichshafen on December 1, 1972. The remainder, together with other places, forms the municipality of Kehlen in 1937, which wasincorporated into Meckenbeuren on May 1, 1972.

Other enclaves

Map 5: Hohengeroldseck 1806–1831

This section lists areas in today's Baden-Württemberg that did not belong to Baden, Württemberg or Hohenzollern. In addition to the cases mentioned, there is still a Hessian exclave near Ober-Laudenbach .

  • Hohengeroldseck ( → Map 5 ): The lordship or county of Hohengeroldseck consisted of the castle of the same name and seven villages in the central Black Forest . Since the 17th century it wasruledas a Habsburg fief by the von der Leyen dynasty. Thanks to their relationship with Arch Chancellor Dalberg , they initially remained independent during the Napoleonic period, but the area did not experience any expansion. In the meantime completely surrounded by Baden territory, Hohengeroldseck became the smallest member of the Rhine Confederation in 1806 with around 4500 inhabitants. After the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , it broke apart. Since Prince von der Leyen did not join the coalition under the leadership of Prussia, Russia and Austria - he had lived in Paris for years - Hohengeroldseck was drafted on December 12th as an "ownerless country" and placed under the administration of the victorious powers. Even later, he was denied entry to the coalition. Through the Congress of Vienna , Hohengeroldseck did not come to Baden, which only later joined the treaty signed there, but to Austria, which took possession of it in July 1815. Baden, which had to struggle for its existence after 1813 because of its close ties to France and because of dynastic problems, was recognized at the Aachen Congress in 1818, which was accompanied by an exchange of territory: Baden received Hohengeroldseck, but the Steinfeld office was ceded to Austria which in turn left it to Bavaria. Hohengeroldseck was finally handed over to Baden on October 4, 1819. The area was initially administered as a provisional Hohengeroldseck office until it was added to the Lahr office on March 1, 1831.
  • Wimpfen (Bad Wimpfen since 1930) with the Hohenstadt district was an imperial city until 1802. By the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the city initially fell to Baden, but the knight's monastery Wimpfen im Tal and the Wormser Hof to Hessen-Darmstadt. The occupation by the new masters took place before the conclusion of the negotiations in September or December 1802. A dispute between Baden and Hesse over the sovereignty rights of the monastery ended with an exchange of territory through which the two states were able to combine their new acquisitions. Baden ceded Wimpfen and rights to Neckarsteinach and received a few places in the Kraichgau and the Kleiner Odenwald . The change of ownership was announced on April 5, 1803 in Wimpfen. The possession of Wimpfen seemed to Baden to be dispensable, since its borders at that time were still further to the west. It was not until 1805/06 that the surrounding area of ​​Wimpfen was annexed by Baden and Württemberg, and from then on Wimpfen was a Hessian exclave between these countries. After the Second World War , both Hessen and the north of Baden and Württemberg came to the American zone of occupation . On November 26, 1945, the occupation authorities decreed that the city should henceforth be administered by the neighboring Baden district of Sinsheim . In a referendum in 1951, the majority of the population voted for a move to the neighboring Württemberg district of Heilbronn , while those in favor of returning to Hesse were in the minority. The result of the survey was implemented in a state law of Baden-Württemberg on May 1, 1952.
  • Helmhof : In 1223 King Heinrich VII gaveWimpfen forest property in the forest, 13 km northwest of the city. In the 18th century,a small settlement, the Helmhof, developed on the edge of the forest on the (Neckar) Bischofsheimer mark. Over time, this expanded to include the Wimpfen mark. With the transition from Wimpfen to Hesse, the Wimpfen share in the Helmhof became a Hessian enclave within Baden. Still belonging to Bad Wimpfen under municipal law, the Helmhof moved to the Sinsheim district in 1945. The referendum in Bad Wimpfen, which brought his move to the Heilbronn district, was linked to the condition that no new exclaves were allowed to emerge. Therefore, the Helmhof was added to the city of Neckarbischofsheim on April 1, 1952. The town of Bad Wimpfen still holds the property in the Wimpfen forest.
  • Finkenhof : The Finkenhof, 12 km north of Wimpfen, was owned by the Lords of Rossau and, after they died out, passed to their liege lords, the Electoral Palatinate . From this it was bought in the 17th century by the knight monastery Wimpfen im Tal, which went to Hessen-Darmstadt in 1802/03. The Finkenhof thus became an enclave within Baden administered by Wimpfen. Analogous to the Helmhof, the Finkenhof came to the municipality of Hochhausen on April 1, 1952, after the Bad Wimpfen change of district , with which it was incorporated into Haßmersheim on January 1, 1972 .
  • Zimmerhöferfeld : The Zimmerhöferfeld was an uninhabited exclave in the possession of Bad Wimpfen north of Bad Rappenau , which was transferred to Bad Rappenau on April 1, 1952.

Condominiums

Map 6: Effects of the 1846 Border Treaty on Aries
Map 7: Border in the Taubertal with Edelfingen, Deubach and Bowiesen

A condominium is to be understood as a place that was ruled jointly by several powers, whereby the marking continued to be administered as a unit, even if every inhabitant was a subject or citizen of one of the participating states.

  • Kürnbach : At the end of the 12th century, the Counts of Katzenelnbogen acquired possession of the Kraichgau through marriage. The Lords of Sternenfels ruledin Kürnbachas their feudal people. A part of the village was pledged to Württemberg around 1320, the remaining parts were bequeathed to the Landgraves of Hesse, whose part of Darmstadt took their part in 1598. In 1810, the Wuerttemberg share in the village came to Baden as part of an exchange of territory. Kürnbach was thus a Baden-Hessian condominium that bordered on Württemberg. On January 1, 1905, Hessen-Darmstadt gave up its share of power in exchange for the Baden enclave of Michelbuch.
  • Aries ( → Map 6 ): The town wasruledin the Middle Ages by a community of Ganerbe whose property was very much fragmented. Württemberg first acquiredpossession in Aries in1504 as a result of the Landshut War of Succession . 1675 belonged to the bishop of Würzburg 192/512 of the city, Württemberg 114/512, the lords of Gemmingen 110/512 and the lords of Züllenhardt 96/512. The Würzburg share went to the princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim in 1803, and to Baden in 1806, together with the Gemmingen share. Züllenhardt's share went to Württemberg. By a state treaty of November 13, 1806, Baden and Württemberg agreed on a redistribution in the ratio 19:13 along the river Kessach , which flows into the Jagst at Widdern. The condominium ended on May 1, 1846. By state treaty, Baden ceded its shares in Widdern and Edelfingen as well as some smaller areas to Württemberg and received the places Korb , Dippach , Hagenbach and Unterkessach .
  • Bernbrunn : As early as the 14th century, the hamlet was in the shared ownership of several lords, from around 1700 four farms belonged to the Palatinate Office of Mosbach, two to the Horneck Teutonic Order. The Palatinate share went to the Principality of Leiningen in 1803 and then to Baden in 1806. The Teutonic Order's share came to Württemberg with the Coming Horneck in 1806. From then on, the Bernbrunn district, located on the state border, was a Baden-Württemberg condominium. In 1808 the two states confirmed this situation again. The Baden part of Bernbrunn belonged to the Allfeld community . Later attempts to end the situation were unsuccessful until the majority of the residents in 1955 agreed to join the neighboring municipality of Höchstberg in Württemberg, which took place on April 1, 1962. On January 1, 1975 Höchstberg was incorporated into the city of Gundelsheim with Bernbrunn.
  • Edelfingen ( → Map 7 ): In Edelfingen an inheritance developed in which in 1639 the Teutonic Order 5/8, the Lords of Hatzfeld 2/8 and the von Adelsheim 1/8. The Hatzfeld share fell in 1794 to the Hochstift Würzburg home and after a short Hohenlohe phase (1803-1806) went to Württemberg, which in 1809 also received the Teutonic Ordershare. Baden, on the other hand, received the Adelsheimer eighth in 1806, so that Edelfingen became a condominium between Baden and Württemberg. Baden ceded its share of the condominium, together with that of Widdern, to Württemberg in 1846.
  • Burgau ( → Map 4 ): The hamlet was owned by the Lords of Hornstein in the 14th century . Possibly as a result of an inheritance, the ownership of the farm was divided from the middle of the 14th century. Half belonged to the Lords of Gundelfingen , who bequeathed their property to the Fürstenbergs, where Burgau became part of the Neufra district . The other half belonged to the Ostrach Office of the Salem Monastery. In 1806 the Neufra office became part of Württemberg, the Ostrach office went to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen; all possessions around Burgau became part of Württemberg. The Hohenzollern or Prussian part of the place was an independent municipality in the Oberamts district Ostrach, later the district Sigmaringen, the Württemberg part first belonged to the municipality of Heudorf, from 1934 to Dürmentingen . The division of Burgau ended on January 1, 1969, when the Hohenzollern part of the town was incorporated into Dürmentingen.
  • Warmtal ( → Map 4 ): The place Warmtal consisted of two farms on the road from Langenenslingen to Emerfeld. One farm belonged with the former to the lower county of Veringen, which came to Hohenzollern in 1535. The other came to the lords of Gundelfingen in 1405, was part of the Neufra office and, as in the case of Burgau, took its way through the princes of Fürstenberg into the hands of Württemberg. In 1806 the situation arose that there was a condominium over Warmtal on the border between Württemberg and the Hohenzollern exclave Langenenslingen. The Württemberg part of Warmtal belonged to the community Emerfeld, the Hohenzollern part to the community Langenenslingen. On January 1, 1969, the condominium was dissolved and the entire place was added to the community of Emerfeld, which in turn was incorporated into Langenenslingen on January 1, 1975.

Shared places

In contrast to condominiums, the places referred to here as “divided” ran a clearly defined territorial border, and the residents on both sides belonged to different communities (with the same name). Ober-Laudenbach can also be understood as a divided place .

  • Moosbronn : In this place on the upper Moosalb , which belonged to the Counts of Eberstein , the Herrenalb and Frauenalb monasteries, founded by the Counts, acquiredpossessions. In the 14th century, the bailiwick went to Württemberg via Herrenalb, and that via Frauenalb to Baden. As a result of the Reformation, both monasteries were closed. The state border therefore ran through the town, with the Württemberg part being administered by the municipality of Bernbach and the Baden part by Freiolsheim . On September 1, 1971, Freiolsheim wasincorporatedinto the city of Gaggenau along with its share in Moosbronn. On April 1, 1972, the Bernbacher share in Moosbronn was reclassified to Gaggenau, which ended the division of the place.
  • Igelsbach : The village of Igelsbach in the Odenwald is still separated today by the state border into a Hessian and a Baden-Württemberg part and is a district of Hirschhorn and Eberbach . The place, first mentioned in 1367, was already divided between the Lords of Hirschhorn and the Electoral Palatinate in the 14th century, with the latter part belonging to the Office of Mosbach. 1632 Kurmainz followed the extinct Lords of Hirschhorn in possession. The Mainz part went to Hessen-Darmstadt in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the Palatinate to Leiningen and 1806 to Baden. In 1925 Badisch-Igelsbach was incorporated into Eberbach.
  • Schöllenbach : The Itter is a small river thatflowsinto the Neckar near Eberbach . From there, its valley (viewed upstream) extends in a north-easterly direction into the Odenwald . As far as the Gaimühle, the valley belongs to Baden-Württemberg, after which the river forms the border with Hesse. The town of Friedrichsdorf on the east bank thereforestill belongs to Baden-Württemberg, while the Brückenpeter house on the other bank, which was built during the construction of the Odenwald Railway, belongs to the Hessian town of Oberzent . At Kailbach, the entire river valley belongs to Hesse, after which the state border runs back to the river and divides the place Schöllenbach, the smaller part of which is called Badisch-Schöllenbach . The boundary line was created by the ownership of the old Empire: The Gaimühle and Friedrichsdorf initially belonged to the Lords of Hirschhorn, after their extinction in 1632 for centering Eberbach in the Palatine Office Mosbach. After a short time near Leiningen (1803/06) they came to Baden. What is now Hessian was part of the Oberzent of the county of Erbach until 1806. Badisch-Schöllenbach emerged from a courtyard that was built opposite the Erbach Schöllenbach in the Kurmainzer area; he belonged to the Zent Mudau in the office of Buchen. In 1803/06 it took the same route as Friedrichsdorf and was initially administered by the community of Schlossau (today part of Mudau )6 km away, to which there was no road connection. In 1858 Badisch-Schöllenbach was separated from Schlossau and in 1925 it was connected to the more easily accessible Friedrichsdorf. Together with Friedrichsdorf it was incorporated into Eberbach on January 1, 1973. Badisch-Schöllenbach is separated from Friedrichsdorf and Eberbach by the Hessian strip of area near Kailbach and forms an exclave of the Rhein-Neckar district ; in the southeast it borders on the municipality of Mudau in the Neckar-Odenwald district .
  • Waggershausen ( → Map 3 ): Waggershausen, today a north-western part of Friedrichshafen , belonged to the bailiwick of the Hofen monastery in the Middle Ages . This in turn was subordinate to the empire- direct Weingarten Abbey from 1548 . There was also a farm in the village that belonged to the Raderach lordship. Together with Raderach Castle, it was acquired by the Bishop of Constance in 1280/91 and in 17th and 18th Century divided into three properties. In the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the Constance property fell to Baden, the wine garden to the Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg from the House of Orange-Nassau . The latter sold it to Austria in the Lindau Treaty in 1804, which gave it to the Swabian bailiff in Altdorf , from where it came to Württemberg in the Peace of Pressburg. Thus, the aforementioned farm had become a Baden enclave within the now Württemberg town of Waggershausen. In 1846, the enclave was incorporated into Württemberg by a state treaty. The whole of Waggershausen was incorporated into Friedrichshafen in 1937 via several intermediate stops, most recently the municipality of Schnetzenhausen.
  • Mühlhausen ( → Map 4 ): Two farms in the hamlet with the associated fields belonged to the Upper Bailiwick of Herdwangen of the Petershausen Monastery and came to Baden through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss. The other court belonged together with Selgetsweiler to the Hohenfels dominion, with this from 1506 to the Teutonic Order. In 1806 the rule of Hohenfels was awarded to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, making this part of Mühlhausen the Hohenzollern exclave in Baden. Since this also affected the associated fields, six individual Hohenzollern exclaves were formed in the area of ​​the hamlet, each of which was marked with boundary stones. On January 1, 1969, the Hohenzollern part of the community was separated from Selgetsweiler (then Sigmaringen district , now Hohenfels community ) and assigned to the Baden community of Herdwangen (then Überlingen district ). Herdwangen came to the Sigmaringen district during the district reform and is now part of the Herdwangen-Schönach community .
Laufenburg on both sides of the Rhine 1896, photochromic print
  • Laufenburg : The place on the Upper Rhine , once a contiguous city, is now divided into two cities: the Swiss Laufenburg and the German Laufenburg (Baden) . In the 13th century Rudolf II of Habsburg founded the city on both banks of the Rhine, and the city was also part of the Habsburg family. The names Großlaufenburg and Kleinlaufenburg as designations for the left and right bank of the Rhine are documented since 1324. In 1797, in the Peace of Campo Formio , Austria had to promise the cession of its possessions on the left bank of the Rhine to France, which would then add them to the Helvetic Republic ; this agreement was subject to an agreement at the Rastatt Congress . The congress remained without result until the renewed outbreak of war in 1799. The Fricktal was then occupied by French troops, and in the Peace of Lunéville the regulations of Campo Formio were repeated. This sealed the division of Laufenburg. In 1802 Großlaufenburg and the canton of Fricktal came to the Helvetic Republic, Kleinlaufenburg remained with Austria until 1805, then the Breisgau went to Baden. From 1802 Kleinlaufenburg had its own administration. On November 1, 1930, it was renamed Laufenburg (Baden) .
  • Rheinfelden : Also on the Upper Rhine, between Laufenburg and Basel , the Swiss city of Rheinfelden and the German city of Rheinfelden (Baden) are opposite each other. Unlike Laufenburg, this is not a divided place, but there are historical connections. Rheinfelden, located to the left of the Rhine, belonged to the Habsburg forest towns from 1330 . It was separated from Austria by the Napoleonic coalition wars (for details see Laufenburg), and its previously undeveloped area on the right bank of the Rhine was distributed to the Baden communities of Nollingen, Warmbach and Karsau. In 1856 a train station "near Rheinfelden" was built on the German side. At the end of the 19th century, an industrial settlement called Badisch Rheinfelden developed near the train station in the Nollinger district . Due to the growth of this settlement, Nollingen was declared a city in 1922 and took the name Rheinfelden . It received the addition (Baden) on May 7, 1963.
  • Kniebis : The Kniebis was an important pass across the Black Forest in the Middle Ages; at the same time the border between Württemberg and the Principality of Fürstenberg ran along the pass. To the west, below the top of the pass, there was initially only one monastery from the 13th century, which was dissolved during the Reformation. In 1806 the Fürstenberg possessions came to Baden. Only then did the Calw timber trading company develop a forest workers' settlement near the ruins of the monastery. This scattered settlement, also called Kniebis, was located on both sides of the pass road and therefore partly in Baden (municipality of Rippoldsau ), partly in Württemberg (municipalities of Baiersbronn and Freudenstadt ). On January 1, 1975, all districts were incorporated into Freudenstadt.

Territorial changes

This section lists places whose nationality was changed between 1810 and 1952 without fitting into any of the above categories. Border changes that only affected uninhabited areas are not listed individually, for example as a result of the river straightening of the Iller and Rhine , which in parts were the border of Württemberg and Baden. The unincorporated area in Taubergießen , whose property belongs to the Alsatian community of Rhinau , goes back to the straightening of the Rhine .

  • Rast / Ablach ( → Map 4 ): The village of Rast belonged to the Petershausen Monastery , but the county of Sigmaringen had the highest jurisdiction . When the Petershausen property fell to Baden in 1803, the power relations between Baden and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen had to be clarified. With a contract dated June 22 and 27, 1812, Baden replaced the claims of Hohenzollern in Rast by ceding the village of Ablach . Today Rast belongs to the Sauldorf community , Ablach to the Krauchenwies community .
  • Korb / Dippach / Hagenbach / Unterkessach ( → Map 6 ): The four towns north of Widdern belonged to Württemberg until 1846. They were transferred to Baden in exchange for the Baden condominium shares in Widdern and Edelfingen (see there). Through these assignments, the Baden exclave Ruchsen was connected with the motherland. Today Korb with Dippach and Hagenbach belong to Möckmühl , Unterkessach to Widdern .
  • Felderhalde : After the former imperial city of Isny came to Württemberg in 1806, it was placed on the border with the Bavarian-Württemberg border treaty of 1810. The city was part of Württemberg, the field dump with the Spitalhof and the Lukasreutehof, directly south of the city gates, belonged to the Bavarian municipality of Maierhöfen . In 1864 the two farms were ceded by Bavaria to Württemberg and have belonged to the city of Isny ​​ever since.

Other special features

Map 8: Agreed borders on Lake Constance and location of the Tägermoos (marked in red)
Map 9: German-Swiss border near Schaffhausen around 1900
  • Lake Constance ( → Map 8 ): In addition to Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria , Switzerland and Austria also live near Lake Constance. The course of the state borders on the lake is largely indefinite. There are fixed boundaries on the lake surface only in the Untersee and in the shore area of Konstanz ; corresponding treaties were concluded between Baden and Switzerland in 1854 and 1878 respectively and recognized by the German Empire. There are no such agreementson the border on the Obersee .
  • Tägermoos ( → Map 8 ): Tägermoos is located immediately west of Konstanz and is part of the Swiss national territory, but is a district of the German city of Konstanz. The city exercises certain administrative tasks in Tägermoos in accordance with the Thurgau municipal law, others are carried out by the neighboring Swiss municipality of Tägerwilen . The status arose from the fact that Constance exercised real estate and lower jurisdiction from time immemorial, while Thurgau exercised higher jurisdiction, so that the area came under constitutional law to Switzerland. The status of the Tägermoos, which is still valid today, was fixed by a state treaty in 1831.
  • Hose ( → Map 9 ): A part of the Wiechs am Randen district, which lies in the Merishausertal between the Swiss towns of Bargen and Merishausen, is referred to as “hose” . The Swiss main road 4 is interrupted between the two places over a length of 870 meters by German territory, but can be passed without any control. Instead, a German-Swiss border control point is located on a German district road that branches off in the hose to Wiechs, and thus clearly within German territory. The Landgasthof Löwen-Schlauch is located near the junction and, seen from Germany, behind the border station. The hose is not an exclave, but it was the subject of border negotiations as a "traffic obstacle". Historically, the situation arose because Merishausen and Bargen fell to Schaffhausen via the Allerheiligen monastery in the Middle Ages . Wiechs, on the other hand, belonged to the front county of Tengen . A sale of the same to Schaffhausen failed in 1522, in 1806 the county came to Baden. The first border correction in the hose took place in 1839. In 1964, further negotiations led to a state treaty (which came into force in 1967), in which the border was withdrawn to such an extent that Switzerland could build its A4 motorway on its own territory parallel to the main road . The construction of the border station was agreed in 1968.
  • In 1967 at the customs office in Neuhausen am Rheinfall in the direction of Jestetten , 400 m 2 of area were exchanged for surveillance reasons .
  • Jestetter Zipfel ( → Map 9 ):A German strip of territory protrudesbetween the Swiss cantons of Zurich and Schaffhausen , the so-called Jestetter Zipfel. It originated in the middle of the 17th century when the Counts of Sulz sold parts of the Landgraviate of Klettgau , namely the Upper Klettgau to the north of Schaffhausen and the Rafzerfeld tothe southof Zurich. In 1806 the remaining Landgraviate became Baden. In terms of foreign trade, Baden initially practiced free trade . That changed in 1835 when it joined the German Customs Union. The resulting customs border brought the residents of the Jestetter Zipfels considerable economic difficulties; the long border line could hardly be monitored. This was remedied by declaring the Jestetter Zipfel with the communities of Jestetten , Lottstetten and Dettighofen to be a customs exclusion areaby decree of July 30, 1840. This regulation brought the inhabitants of the area a modest prosperity, as they could offer their products duty-free in Baden or in the German Empire and Switzerland. After the First World War, when the Baden government flatly rejected the Jestetter Zipfel's attempt to join forces, the special status was lifted again in 1935.
  • Jettkofen ( → Map 2 ): Thevillagenorth of Ostrach , which was inhabited by 217 people in 1829, belonged to the County of Friedberg. A treaty signed in 1708 ceded most of the land in the area to the Salem monastery, so that Jettkofen was only connected to the rest of the county by a strip a few meters wide. (The same treaty made Wirnsweiler, a little further east, an exclave.) Via the Princes of Thurn and Taxis, Jettkofen came to Württemberg in 1806, and the Salemic office of Ostrach to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Because of its corridor, Jettkofen was actually not an exclave, even if all road connections to Württemberg now ran through the Hohenzollern region. Jettkofen bordered the Baden exclave of Wangen in the west, was connected to Württemberg in the north and was otherwise surrounded by Hohenzollern. The place was falsely marked as an exclave on maps of Baden in the 19th century; this error has occasionally been adopted in other map series. On January 1, 1973 Jettkofen became part of the new district of Sigmaringen , and on January 1, 1975 it was incorporated into Ostrach.
  • Kleingemünd : In the Neckargemünd district of Kleingemünd there are a few residential buildings on the outskirts in Merianstrasse in the Hessian district. Politically, these houses belong in the neighboring Neckarsteinach , four kilometers away. They have the unofficial house numbers 11 to 15 on Merianstrasse, but for official purposes they are addressed via the indication “Outside” of Neckarsteinach. Historically, the Hessian houses are the first houses in the settlement that were built on the border as retirement homes for Hessian foresters. Today's residential area grew around this on the Baden side from the town center of Kleingemünd to the state border.
  • The Schaffhausen State Forest is a 340 hectare forest area in the district of Grafenhausen in the southern Black Forest. In the 11th century, Count Eberhard von Nellenburg donated the village of Grafenhausen and the Staufenberg to the Allerheiligen monastery in Schaffhausen . The forest as the remainder of the property remained with the city after the abolition of the monastery in 1529 and later with the canton. It is managed by it as a Schaffhausen state property with annual income of 150,000 Swiss francs (as of 2013). The properties, the forester's house and the Schaffhauser saw, were sold in 2008.
  • The historic wooden bridge Bad Säckingen , which connects Bad Säckingen with the Aargau stone , became the property of Säckingen in 1806. In 1868 the bridge was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Baden and later passed on to its legal successor, Baden-Württemberg. The international state border is marked by a white line level with the middle of the river. A four-meter-wide strip around the bridgehead on the left bank of the Rhine on the territory of the Confederation remained in the possession of the city of Säckingen.
  • In 1967 at the Ramsen customs office , the handling of the growing traffic was severely restricted by the state border. By ceding an area of ​​50 ares on the part of the German municipality of Rielasingen , a border was drawn which enabled the Swiss customs administration to carry out the necessary structural development.

swell

  1. ^ Wording of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (1803)
  2. ^ Wording of the Bratislava Peace Treaty (1805)
  3. ^ Wording of the Rhine Federation Act (1806)
  4. ^ Wording of the exchange contract between Württemberg and Baden from 1806
  5. ↑ a b Wording of the border treaty between Bavaria and Württemberg from 1810
  6. ^ Wording of the border treaty between Baden and Hesse from 1810
  7. ^ Wording of the border treaty between Württemberg and Baden from 1810
  8. ^ Territorial rectification treaty between the Kingdom of Würtemberg and the Grand Duchy of Baden
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Government Gazette for the Kingdom of Württemberg 1846, pp. 127 and 247; the contract was already concluded on June 28, 1843, but not completed until 1846.
  10. ↑ Background to the kidnapping of Eberhard Im Thurn ( Memento from March 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ a b c d Article 8 of the Pressburg Peace
  12. ↑ a b Article II of the 1810 Border Treaty.
  13. ↑ Why Büsingen did not come to Switzerland ( Memento from October 24, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ^ A b Arnold Marti , Thomas Lämmli: Schaffhausen state area and national emblem. (PDF; 432 kB) From: Schaffhauser Law and Legal Life. Festschrift for the 500th anniversary of Schaffhausen in the federal government. Schaffhausen, 2001.
  15. ^ State treaty on the inclusion of Büsingen in the Swiss customs area
  16. ↑ Map excerpts with the location of the Verenahof ( Memento from December 30, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Article 24 of the Rhine Confederation Act
  18. ↑ Data on the history of Büttenhardt ( Memento from August 29, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
  19. ↑ a b Treaty between the Swiss Confederation and the Federal Republic of Germany on the adjustment of the border in the Konstanz – Neuhausen am Rheinfall section , the Verenahof is the area mentioned in Article 1, Paragraph 2 (e), Article 1 refers to parts of the hose, Paragraph 2 (f).
  20. ↑ Private website about Ober-Laudenbach ( Memento from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ see also historical map of the Electoral Palatinate ( Memento from July 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  22. ↑ a b c d e f g h Paragraph 5 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
  23. ↑ a b c Paragraph 7 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
  24. ↑ a b State Treaty of May 11, 1903, in force January 1, 1905; Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden 1904, p. 423 or Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt 1904, p. 410
  25. ↑ “From the seed to the bar” or “What is a harvester doing in the forest?” Guided tour of the forest for the members of the finance committee of the regional synod. ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  26. ↑ a b c d e f g Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.): The state of Baden-Württemberg: official description according to districts and communities, Volume 4 . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1980
  27. ↑ a b c d e Paragraph 20 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
  28. ↑ Heimatverein Leingarten eV (ed.): Heimatbuch Leingarten , 1982
  29. ^ Law Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1956, p. 7
  30. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1969, p. 832
  31. ↑ Article 5 of the barter of 1806
  32. ↑ a b c d e f Friedrich Facius: Hohengeroldseck. A Black Forest territory in higher politics from 1603 to 1831. In: Geroldsecker Land (1974), pp. 15–37
  33. ^ Law Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 248 (Municipal Reform Act, Paragraph 160)
  34. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.): Das Land Baden-Württemberg: official description according to districts and communities, Volume 7 . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1978
  35. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Law Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1968, p. 147
  36. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 37
  37. ↑ Information brochure for the village of Taldorf
  38. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 804
  39. ^ Agreement on the incorporation of the Adelsreute community into the city of Ravensburg
  40. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 1225
  41. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1973, p. 147
  42. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 379
  43. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 285
  44. ^ City history of Rothenfels ( Memento from March 1, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  45. ↑ a b Paragraph 14 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
  46. ↑ Article 44 of the Vienna Final Act
  47. ↑ Corresponding agreements were made by Austria and other allies in 1813 when Bavaria joined the coalition ( Treaty of Ried ) and again in 1815 for the - then foreseeable - case of the extinction of the Baden main line.
  48. ↑ a b see also Ernst Rudolf Huber: Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte since 1789 , Volume I, p. 324f
  49. ^ A b c Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg: official description by districts and communities, Volume 6 . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1982
  50. ↑ Description of the Tuttlingen District Office, 1879
  51. ^ Law Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1967, p. 47
  52. ↑ Article III, point 8 of the Treaty of 1810
  53. ↑ a b The Mergentheim district , Konrad-Theiss-Verlag, 1966
  54. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 106
  55. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 92
  56. ↑ Paragraph 6 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
  57. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 110
  58. ↑ Law Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1971, p. 485
  59. ↑ Law Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 248 (Municipal Reform Act, Paragraph 96)
  60. ↑ a b Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 662
  61. ↑ a b c Description of the Riedlingen Regional Office, 1923
  62. ↑ Paragraph 13 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
  63. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 682
  64. ↑ Paragraph 24 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
  65. ↑ Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 3: From the end of the old empire to the end of the monarchies. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-608-91467-6 .
  66. ↑ a b Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 803
  67. ↑ see also Anton Schlude: Das Donau-Thal from Tuttlingen to Sigmaringen , 1858
  68. ↑ Article III, points 4 and 5 of the 1810 Border Treaty.
  69. ^ Fidel Mathias Fischer: History and stories about the St. Georgs-Brücke Beuron-Thiergarten . Published by the Beuron municipal administration in 1984, 72 pages
  70. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1977, p. 130
  71. ↑ a b c d Article 23 of the Rhine Federation Act
  72. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 33; there Stockach is erroneously stated as the receiving community.
  73. ↑ Timeline of the history of Wilflingen ( memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  74. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1973, p. 869
  75. ↑ a b Paragraph 10 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
  76. ↑ Otto H. Becker: The Hohenzollern Principalities and the Mediatization of the Free Imperial Knighthood in Swabia 1805/6. Observations on the legal and constitutional history of knighthood. In: Zeitschrift für Hohenzollerische Geschichte 15 (1979) pp. 137–154, here p. 151.
  77. ↑ Royal Württemberg State and Government Gazette 1813, p. 167; Hirschlatt took possession of it on April 27, 1813
  78. ↑ a b see also 200 years ago: Friedrichshafen becomes Württemberg and Baden ( Memento from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  79. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 1420
  80. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 732
  81. ^ Ernst Rudolf Huber: German Constitutional History since 1789 , Volume I, p. 499
  82. ↑ Article 51 of the Vienna Final Act of June 9, 1815 in conjunction with the Treaty of June 12, 1815 between Prussia and Austria
  83. ↑ Details were clarified in a state treaty between Baden and Austria of July 11, 1819, which was confirmed by the Frankfurt territorial trial of July 20, 1819.
  84. ↑ a b Erich Scheible: The history of the Hessian exclave Wimpfen, Volume 1: 1802 to 1836 . Bad Wimpfen, Association "Alt Wimpfen" (ed.), 2004
  85. ^ Böttger, Annemieke: Baden, Hessen or Württemberg? Bad Wimpfen, the city that three countries were campaigning for. - In: Schöne Schwaben, 16/17, 2002 (4), pp. 48–51
  86. ↑ Law No. 3044 of April 23, 1952, Government Gazette of the Württemberg-Baden Government 1952, p. 45
  87. ↑ History of Helmhof ( Memento of 29 September 2007 at the Internet Archive )
  88. ↑ a b c Official Gazette of the Baden District 1952, p. 154
  89. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 105
  90. ↑ a b c d e f g Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.): The state of Baden-Württemberg: official description according to districts and communities, Volume 5 . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1976
  91. ↑ Article III, point 7 of the 1810 Border Treaty.
  92. ↑ Eberhard Gönner : Book of arms of the city and district of Heilbronn with a territorial history of this area. Issue 9 of the publications of the State Archives Administration Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart, 1965
  93. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: History of Bernbrunn )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / gsuntergriesheim.home.hst.net
  94. ^ Territorial Correction Treaty of 1808, Article VIII, Point f
  95. ↑ Höchstberg in the past and present ( Memento of October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 156 kB)
  96. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1962, p. 508
  97. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 794
  98. ↑ see also municipality information Burgau ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  99. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 664
  100. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1971, p. 934
  101. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 604
  102. ↑ see also Horst Jürgen Krämer: Those who live upstairs can see further. About administrative, imaginary and natural borders in 64754 Hesseneck. Off: periphery. Local identities and spatial orientation at the border. Heinz Schilling (Ed.) Cultural Anthropology Notes, Volume 65, Frankfurt am Main, 2000
  103. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1972, p. 1418
  104. ↑ These properties were in the northwest corner of the intersection of Sonnenbergstrasse / Henri-Dunant-Strasse. a. the Gasthof Traube; see also ( page no longer available , search in web archives: former community Schnetzenhausen )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.friedrichshafen.de
  105. ↑ Paragraph 12 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss; Oranien-Nassau took possession of it on September 15, 1802
  106. ↑ Topogr. Atlas of the Grand Duchy of Baden 1: 25,000, p. 137 Heiligenberg (1879)
  107. ^ Andreas Steigmeier: Laufenburg (AG, community). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . September 12, 2016 , accessed December 22, 2018 .
  108. ↑ Article 6 of the secret Additional Protocol in the Peace of Campo Formio (English translation)
  109. ↑ Article 2, point 2 of the Peace of Lunéville (French treaty text)
  110. ^ Theo Nawrath: History of the City of Laufenburg, Volume 2 . Laufenburg (Baden), 1981, p. 70
  111. ↑ Wikipedia article Rheinfelden (Baden)
  112. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1963, p. 329
  113. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1975, pp. 449–450.
  114. ^ The Sigmaringen district . Aalen / Stuttgart, 1963
  115. ↑ see also Chronicle of the Ravensburg District: Landscape, History, Customs, Art . Chroniken-Verlag, Hinterzarten, 1975
  116. ↑ contract of 20./31. October 1854 between the Swiss Confederation and the Grand Duchy of Baden regarding border settlement
  117. ^ Agreement of April 28, 1878 between Switzerland and the Grand Duchy of Baden on the regulation of the border near Constance
  118. ↑ Agreement of June 24, 1879 between Switzerland and the German Empire to regulate the border at Constance
  119. ↑ Wikipedia article Tägermoos
  120. ^ Agreement between the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Canton of Thurgau regarding the adjustment of the border near Konstanz of March 28, 1831 on Wikisource
  121. ^ History of the Landgasthof Löwen im Schlauch ( Memento from June 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  122. ↑ Illustrated description of the border at Büsingen, Schlauch and Jestetten ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  123. ↑ a b Andreas Schiendorfer: Bargen (SH). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . September 15, 2009 , accessed December 22, 2018 .
  124. ^ History of Schaffhausen
  125. ^ Franz Götz: Tengen. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 11, 2012 , accessed December 22, 2018 .
  126. ^ Agreement of April 25, 1968 between the Swiss Confederation and the Federal Republic of Germany on the establishment of border clearance points next to each other at the Merishausen / Wiechs-Schlauch border crossing
  127. ↑ https://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10043017
  128. ^ History of Jestetten ( Memento of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (with map of the customs exclusion zone)
  129. ↑ Grenzsteinmuseum Ostrach ( Memento from August 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  130. ↑ Common Official Gazette for Baden-Württemberg 1974, p. 808
  131. ↑ Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung of December 8, 2014: Hesse against its will: "We are in the heart of Baden"
  132. ^ Merianstraße from Kleingemünd .  Map display. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  133. ↑ A look at the «kostlich Kleinot», Schaffhauser Nachrichten, Monday, September 16, 2013
  134. ↑ https://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10043017
  135. ↑ https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19660194/index.html
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