Dew pouring

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Taubergießen nature reserve

IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area

Taubergießen nature reserve

Taubergießen nature reserve

location Germany , Baden-Wuerttemberg , Emmendingen district , Ortenaukreis , Kappel-Grafenhausen , Rust and Rheinhausen
surface 16.97 km²
Identifier 3.233
WDPA ID 165837
Geographical location 48 ° 15 '  N , 7 ° 41'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 15 '19 "  N , 7 ° 41' 27"  E
Taubergießen (Baden-Wuerttemberg)
Dew pouring
Sea level from 157 m to 166 m
Setup date September 27, 1979
administration Regional council Freiburg

Taubergießen is a nature reserve founded in 1979 and almost 17 square kilometers in size. It is one of the most significant and largest nature reserves in the country. It is located in the area of ​​the communities Rheinhausen, Rust, Kappel-Grafenhausen and Schwanau. Almost 60 percent of its area is owned by the French municipality of Rhinau. The area is part of the European Natura 2000 network of protected areas and, as a wetland of international importance, also part of the cross-border Ramsar area of ​​the Upper Rhine. The floodplain on the right bank of the Rhine is located on the southern Upper Rhine in the Offenburg Rhine Plain natural area. It is a central part of the after Rhine expansion remaining natural Restaue was but since then up to the new hydraulic engineering measures from the turn of the millennium in the area the last section, in which almost the entire floodplain forest still above ground by floods could be achieved and flooded. Taubergießen was declared a nature reserve in 1979 and, with 1,697 hectares, is one of the largest protected areas in Baden-Württemberg . It has a north-south extension of more than 12 km. The greatest width is about 2.5 km.

Surname

The name "Taubergießen" comes from Taubergießen , one of the numerous water courses and arms of the nature reserve, which runs in the north of the area and drains from the right into the lower course of the Elz, which is close to the Rhine . “ Pouring ” is understood to mean subterranean, i.e. in direct connection with the groundwater, parts of the current flowing underground, which come back to the surface once the valley floor has sunk sufficiently. These are particularly common in this area, the central area of ​​the southern Upper Rhine. Fishermen refer to nutrient-poor waters with little fish stocks as "deaf" .

geography

Dew pouring

Taubergießen is located in the southern Upper Rhine Plain between Freiburg im Breisgau and Offenburg in the districts of Emmendingen and Ortenau , near the northeastern city of Lahr and immediately west of the communities of Kappel-Grafenhausen , Rust and Rheinhausen . It can be found in the immediate eastern floodplain area of ​​the Rhine, on the banks of the river that was previously affected by the straightening of the Rhine - from the Leopold Canal in the south to the junction of the Taubergießen with the branches of the Old Rhine, which abut the Rhine dike to the north-east of the ferry pier (Rhinau-Kappel crossing) and which accompany them, just above southwest of the municipality of Wittenweier .

The western border of the nature reserve lies from the confluence of the Leopold Canal into the Tulla Rhine to the northern tip of the Rhinau "River Island" on the state border in the middle of the Rhine. Up to its northern border it also touches that of the opposite French nature reserve Réserve naturelle de l'Ile de Rhinau (does not cover the entire length of the "island"). From the navigable river (union of the Tulla's bed with the modern canal (loop)), the area boundary is on the river bank or at the inner dike foot.

In the east, the edge of the forest forms the border of the protected area, from the district of Rust onwards, made clear by the flood dam; From about the middle of the area at the level of the sugar bridge over the blind Elz, near the Europapark , it advances further to the east, along the edges of the forest, thus enclosing the open spaces in the Kappeler area. The border again runs on a dike beyond the Kappel - Rhine ferry road and in the far northeast of the area follows the edge of the forest and a road running along it from Kappel to Wittenweier.

Taubergießen mainly belongs to the districts of the communities Kappel-Grafenhausen, Rust and Rheinhausen. For historical reasons, 9.98 km² of land are owned by the French community of Rhinau . On German territory, this "piece of Alsace in Germany" is classified as a municipality-free area of Rheinau . As a result of the straightening of the Rhine in the first half of the 19th century and the establishment of a main river bed in the area for the first time, a change in the course of the border between Germany and France was made, which, however, was affected by the previously changing course of the river bed (or . beds - his arms did not change) incurred ownership.

Protected areas

Characteristics

The area was already designated as a nature reserve on September 27, 1979 (NSG No. 3.108) and, by ordinance of April 8, 1997 by the Freiburg Regional Council, was incorporated into the protected area number 3.233. The nature reserve with an area of ​​1,697 hectares is classified in IUCN Category IV. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) CDDA code is 165837.

purpose

The main protection purpose of the nature reserve is the preservation and development of a Rhine meadow landscape, which is only partially flooded today, with the Rhine (rest of the Rhine), the flooded inner Rhine estuary, the old Rhine arms, Gießen, riparian zones, forests, pipe grass meadows, meadows, dry grasslands and flood dams as

  • Area with the occurrence of species-rich animal and plant communities typical of the Rhine floodplain;
  • Habitat of an extraordinarily large number of rare and endangered animal and plant species, some of which are threatened with extinction;
  • natural section of a richly structured river landscape of special character and beauty;
  • Space for the development of natural communities as they are characteristic of Central European floodplains;
  • Wetland of international importance, especially considering bird migration and
  • Research object for science.

The measures planned as part of the Integrated Rhine Program of the State of Baden-Württemberg for regular flooding on part of the former flood plains and for improving the flooding in the existing flood plains serve the protection purpose.

Landscape protection areas

As early as June 11, 1955, the entire Taubergießen area had been designated as a landscape protection area by the then regional council of South Baden . When the nature reserve was formed in 1979, three smaller areas remained and were preserved as landscape protection areas, which under the name Rheinwald Taubergießen connect to the east of the nature reserve and complement it. In the district of Emmendingen near Niederhausen there is LSG No. 3.16.005 with 74 hectares, in the Ortenaukreis near Rust and Kappel-Grafenhausen there are two sub-areas with No. 3.17.003 with 67 hectares.

Bann and Schonwald

Two additional areas designated as forest protection areas under the name Taubergiessen under the name of Taubergiessen are located completely within the nature reserve . The Bannwald has a size of approx. 190.5 hectares, the Schonwald of approx. 181.2 hectares.

history

The Upper Rhine Rift was formed about 35 million years ago as a result of a rift . The surface of the earth sank between Basel and Frankfurt and the Vosges and Black Forest that surround it today emerged. The Rhine found its way from the Alps to the North Sea. The floodplains were later created here .

View from the Isteiner Klotz up the Rhine towards Basel (around 1830)

Between Basel and approximately Rastatt lies the so-called furcation zone of the Rhine, in which the river, split into several river arms, flowed around numerous islands and gravel banks. The river arms were constantly shifting due to erosion and sedimentation. At times the Rhine flowed east past the Kaiserstuhl . Even side arms buried by gravel were constantly refilled by the high groundwater level. Due to the transport of rubble in the river of the Rhine, the valley floor was raised and the flooded areas increased, as well as reduced flow velocities and swamping.

A special feature arose in the area near Taubergießen. While the Rhine in the next millennia after the Ice Age gnawed into the gravel from Basel to Weisweil and deepened, the water table sank already at this time and the floodplains dried up in width, the level of the Rhine between Weisweil and Meißenheim was maintained. The slope was unchanged, the current continued to flow quickly. This created a basis for a broad alluvial forest area there.

The Rhine found abundant, large-scale retention areas that could absorb the amounts of water that occurred during floods. It was therefore a constant threat to livestock, agriculture and people. The straightening of the Rhine carried out by Johann Gottfried Tulla and his successors in the 19th century forced the Rhine into a solid bed for the first time, and a flood dam was also drawn through the alluvial forest. The floodplain was thus divided into two zones: one of the zone close to the banks of the Rhine, which was periodically flooded, and a zone to the east of the dam, which was cut off from the Rhine.

The straightening resulted in a significant reduction in the transit time, the length of the route from Basel to Bingen was reduced by 81 kilometers. As a result, the slope of the river bed increased; the flow velocity increased and with it the forces that led in particular to deep erosion. The level of the Rhine decreased by up to 7 meters near Istein at the beginning of the 20th century . The flood and groundwater levels fell, tributaries of the Rhine remained without water even during floods, the areas previously traversed by the loops were drained, and the areas that could be used for agriculture increased, the alluvial forests declined.

The regulation of the Rhine and the construction of the Rhine canal for electricity generation from Weil am Rhein to Breisach led to a further lowering of the groundwater. Agricultural use of the floodplains became impossible. It was decided to use a loop solution, a partial canalization. From Breisach the shipping route should alternate between the Rhine and the canal. Dams at the Gerstheim power station in the north, flooding and the establishment of a continuous watercourse of the Old Rhine raised the groundwater level again.

As part of the Taubergießen revitalization project, which started in 2006, and when construction began in 2007, culverts were dug, fords laid, bridges built and older structures redesigned. These measures prevent further silting up of the areas, especially at low tide, increase the flow speeds and ensure more frequent flows. In 2008 Taubergießen was included in the Ramsar Convention .

Floors

The rift valley brought a lowering of the earth's surface and the geological layers of red sandstone , shell limestone and Jura . Due to the melting of the glaciers more than 10,000 years ago after the last ice age, the current of the Rhine in the area of ​​Taubergießen led to deposits of rubble and gravel , later of finer gravel of all grain sizes , sand as well as clay and loam . The basis for vegetation was created by fertile soils.

The zone close to the banks of the Rhine could still be flooded periodically after the rectification of the Rhine, but the water entered the floodplain through deep fords and passages, flooding the forest over a large area and without the former force. The resulting lower flow velocity influences the transport capacity of the water. The lower the speed, the greater the transport capacity of finer materials such as fine sand and silt . The emerging vegetation facilitated the settling of mud from the stream and the growth of trees and bushes, which in turn contributed to the formation of the soil through the decay of the leaves. Most of the soils consist of clay silt on a basis of gravel, sand silt and silting soil .

In the area of ​​the zone separated from the Rhine by the flood dam, which was previously only flooded during summer floods, decalcification took place and the Vega soil type developed .

Waters

Taubergießen - Flooding buttercup

The area is supplied by the continuous Altreinzug , most of the water in it is already diverted from Breisach from the Rhine. The western train is called the Little Rhine and receives water from the rest of the Rhine at several lower inlets (fords), so that even low floods flood the area. The eastern arm of the old retreat and the Blinde Elz running in the northern area are approved for boat trips.

Smaller and larger arms filled with clear water are called pouring . These are mostly filled with groundwater filtered through the gravel and coming from the Black Forest or with Rhine water. They are usually poor in nutrients and, due to the lack of turbulence, also poor in oxygen. The largest pouring is the Blue Hole ( Lage ) , from it emerges as an arm of the Taubergießen, into which the Blinde Elz also flows. The Taubergießen rises in the area of ​​the municipality of Kappel in the orchid meadows of the "G'Schleder" and is located east of the flood dam, still in the protected area.

Even after the rectification of the Rhine, the groundwater level in Taubergießen had hardly any noticeable effect, it actually rose. One reason in this section of the Rhine is the flood dam running very far to the east, sometimes more than a kilometer from the course of the Rhine. The northern barrage Gerstheim caused a further damming of the Inner Rhine with an impact up to the middle protected area. However, after the construction of the flood dam in the 19th century, the level sank east of it, in mostly agriculturally used and former Old Rhine areas.

Flora and fauna

flora

Around 60 percent of the area is covered with forest , the rest is used for agriculture as grassland . The extensive landscape is criss-crossed by numerous watercourses. Rare orchids such as the bumblebee and spiderwort thrive here. At the beginning of May 2019, the bulbs of these orchids were dug up, suspected both wild boars and humans. It is believed that around 3,000 tubers were stolen, the value of which is estimated at 250,000 to 300,000 euros. "According to our information, it was the largest occurrence of this orchid species in Germany and also unique in Europe," said nature conservationist Silke Keil. After the theft, conservationists made serious allegations against the regional council . After police concluded that wild boars were "digging up" the orchids, prosecutors closed the case in mid-August. The regional council also initiated an investigation, but it was not possible to adequately protect the nature reserve from thieves. Among other things, this wants to check the use of a ranger .

fauna

The nature reserve with its forests, meadows, pipe grass meadows , dry grasslands and flood dams serves as a habitat for numerous animal species, some of which are threatened with extinction. The following is an incomplete list of the animal species found in Taubergießen.

insects

Rhinoceros beetle
  • With over 350,000 described species in 179 families, beetles are the world's largest order from the class of insects . In Taubergießen about 1000 beetles are counted, u. a. also species that otherwise only occur in southern Europe. Some particularly striking and well-known beetles: The stag beetle is one of the largest and most conspicuous beetles in Europe, also due to the antler-like enlarged male upper jaw. The rose chafer can be found on dog roses and elder bushes in spring. The rhinoceros beetle is a particularly protected species in Germany. The poison of the oil beetle , cantharidin, is known as the "Spanish fly". The Erdbock occurs on dry grass with little vegetation .
Horseshoe Azure Maiden
  • Dragonflies are characterized by an extraordinary flying device that allows them to move their two pairs of wings independently of each other. Of well over 5000 known species, only about 85 occur in Central Europe, of which about 40 are in Taubergießen. They are predators who catch their prey in flight and attack almost indiscriminately any animal that can overwhelm them. The dragonflies' prey consists mainly of other insects. A selection: The blue-green damsel is one of the most common and widespread dragonflies in Europe and can be found in all types of stagnant water from July to October. The Great Blue Arrow can be observed frequently and prefers open, sun-exposed bodies of water and riparian zones. The fire dragonfly was originally widespread in the warm regions of southern Europe, Africa and the Middle East and can be observed during the summer months. The early Adonis dragonfly rarely occurs in the protected area and prefers ponds or slow-flowing brooks on dense bank vegetation. The most common dragonfly species in the area, the horseshoe damsel owes its name to the horseshoe-shaped black mark found on the male's second abdomen segment. The banded demoiselle can be found in the entire nature reserve. For the common wedge damsel an important factor for colonizing their habitats is a relatively fine, mostly sandy or silty substrate as a habitat for the larvae.
  • About 3700 species of butterflies are represented in Germany, over 400 of which can be found in Taubergießen. One of the most important properties of the predominantly herbivorous butterflies is that they have the ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions. However, each species of butterfly makes diverse, species-specific demands on the properties of its environment. Only when these are fulfilled can the animals survive. In the protected area you can usually find them near the flood dams, in the meadows and on forest paths. Some examples from the family of butterflies and their encountered types are:

Amphibians

Yellow-bellied toad

The floodplains offer excellent living conditions for numerous amphibians . Amphibians are more susceptible than many other animal groups to damaging environmental influences and changes due to their permeable skin and their property as inhabitants of biotope complexes. The provided on the ventral side with a bright yellow warning coloration: Of the 20 species occurring in Germany were in the area 10 proved to be yellow-bellied strewn with warty skin glands body, common toad , the little-known and as Lurch of the Year crowned 2007 spadefoot in the territory not as numerous occurring natterjack toad , which regularly encountered crested newt , which under the term " brown frogs out" frog and marsh frog , the famous frog , which is provided with a pointed snout agile frog and the often irregularly provided on the back with dark spots or stains frog .

Reptiles

Sand lizard

Reptiles or reptiles form a class of vertebrates with over 9,500 species . They have a tail , horny scales - skin and four legs (in snakes and some lizards regressed). You are lung breathers . A few reptiles can be found in the reserve.

Birds

It is assumed that there are well over 200 species in the protected area; over 50 of these are endangered species. After the regulation of the Rhine, the loosening of the loop and the construction of the Gerstheim barrage, there was a backlog of water upstream from Kappel. This created a lake-like landscape to the south, which became an area for wintering for many birds. In the rest of the Rhine, the current speed decreased, so that water birds found better conditions. However, some species have lost their breeding grounds.

Visit and arrival

On a fishing boat

As an excursion destination, Taubergießen can only be reached indirectly by public transport. A central point of contact is the signposted, former customs house ( location ) near Kappel on the L 103. It is located on the banks of the Rhine near the jetty for the free Rhine ferry to Rhinau . It is also an information point for the nature reserve with an attached parking lot. Other access points with parking facilities are the Saukopfbrücke, Zuckerbrücke ( location ) and the fish ladder in the south.

Walking and cycling

Starting point customs house:

  • Butterfly trail (circular trail with a length of approx. 2 km)
  • Orchideenweg (circular route with a length of 6.5 km. Entry at the junction at the butterfly path)
  • Closed in 2019: Kormoranweg (circular route 6 km long, entry at the junction at the butterfly path)

Starting point sugar bridge:

  • Kingfisher route (circular route with a length of approx. 3 km.)
  • Through the Rheinmatten (circular route approx. 5 km long)
  • Blaues Loch (circular route approx. 7 km long)
  • Mud collector route (circular route approx. 7 km long)
  • Marsh beaver route (circular route approx. 13 km long)

Starting point parking lot at the Schützenhaus near Niederhausen:

  • Gießenweg (circular route with a length of 3.5 and 8 km.)

Boat trips

Boat trips are possible from the south to the north on a route from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. (length approx. 15 km, also in partial sections). However, most of the waters are closed to all types of watercraft all year round. There is also the opportunity to discover the area in traditional fishing boats with an expert guide.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Current message. Retrieved January 23, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  3. ↑ § 3 Protection Ordinance of the Freiburg Regional Council of April 8, 1997, accessed on November 25, 2012.
  4. ^ Revitalization Taubergießen , accessed on November 26, 2012 (PDF, 2.8 MB).
  5. ^ The List of Wetlands of International Importance "Oberrhein / Rhin supérieur" , accessed on November 25, 2012 (PDF, 896 KB).
  6. ↑ Klaus Fischer: Unknown steals hundreds of orchids in the nature reserve. Badische Zeitung, May 6, 2019, accessed on May 16, 2019 .
  7. ^ Karl Kovacs: Knollen-Klau in Taubergießen is, according to the police, an "unprecedented environmental crime". Badische Zeitung, May 8, 2019, accessed on May 16, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Karl Kovacs: Conservationists: "The perpetrators proceeded systematically". Badische Zeitung, May 8, 2019, accessed on May 16, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Karl Kovacs: Again orchid tubers stolen in Taubergießen. Badische Zeitung, May 14, 2019, accessed on May 16, 2019 .
  10. ↑ BZ editorial team: Police show higher presence in Taubergießen. Badische Zeitung, May 15, 2019, accessed on May 16, 2019 .
  11. ↑ BZ-Redaktion & Karl Kovacs: Public Prosecutor's Office closes proceedings for alleged orchid theft. Badische Zeitung, August 14, 2019, accessed on October 5, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Dietmar Keil: Experienced wilderness Taubergiessen . 1st edition. Schillinger, Freiburg im Breisgau 1977, ISBN 3-921340-24-1 , p. 129ff.
  13. ↑ Taubergießen 2019: Beautiful & threatened nature in the nature reserve in the Rheinauen (cable car). Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
  14. ^ Südwest Presse Online-Dienst GmbH: What helps the kingfisher. August 6, 2015, accessed November 11, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Eisvogel is Bird of the Year 2009. Nabu Baden-Württemberg, 2009, accessed on November 11, 2019 .

literature

  • Dietmar Keil: Experienced wilderness Taubergiessen. 1st edition. Schillinger, Freiburg im Breisgau 1992, ISBN 3-921340-24-1 .
  • Werner A. Gallusser (Ed.): The floodplains on the Upper Rhine / Les Zones Alluviales du Rhin Supérieur - Extent and perspectives of landscape change on the southern and central Upper Rhine since 1800 ... Birkhäuser, Basel 1992, ISBN 3-7643-2805-3 .
  • H.-J. Truöl, E. Spiegelhalter: Old Rhine: paradise lost. 1st edition. Schillinger, Freiburg im Breisgau 1984, ISBN 3-89155-001-4 .
  • E. Seeger (Ed.): Rheinauen adventure region - Grand Ried cycle tour map 1: 60,000. 1st edition. E. Seeger Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2011.
  • State Office for Geoinformation and Rural Development Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Offenburg Ortenau Kinzigtal Freizeitkarte 1: 50,000 . 2nd Edition. 2009, ISBN 978-3-89021-596-9 .
  • Diedrich Backhaus among others: The Taubergießen area. A Rhine meadow landscape. The nature and landscape protection areas of Baden-Württemberg, Vol. 7. Ludwigsburg 1975, DNB 751008117 .
  • Thomas Kaiser: Naturerlebnis-Rheinauen. From Basel to Taubergiessen to Strasbourg. Schillinger, Freiburg im Breisgau 2008, ISBN 978-3-89155-341-1 .
  • Egon Kästel: The Rheinauen-a natural paradise. Pictures of a species-rich landscape that is worth protecting. Publishing house for regional culture, 2009, ISBN 978-3-89735-553-8 .

Web links

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