Continuous old retraction

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Continuous old
retraction Waldschlut, Rappennestgießen, Großmattenrhein, Weisweiler Mühlbach, Grienwasser, Hansenkehle, Stückerkehle (section names )
Continuous old retraction at the end of the 1960s, not to scale! Continuous old retraction,! other waters,! Defend! Flood protection dams

Continuous old retraction
at the end of the 1960s, not to scale
! Continuous old retraction, ! other waters, ! Weirs, ! Flood protection dams

Data
Water code DE : 233898
location Markgräfler Rhine Plain

Offenburg Rhine plain

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Elz  → Rhine  → North Sea
Branch from the Rhine at km 287.8 north of Breisach
48 ° 3 ′ 2 ″  N , 7 ° 34 ′ 25 ″  E
Source height 188  m above sea level NHN
muzzle near Schwanau - Wittenweier from the left into the Elz coordinates: 48 ° 19 ′ 24 ″  N , 7 ° 45 ′ 0 ″  E 48 ° 19 ′ 24 ″  N , 7 ° 45 ′ 0 ″  E
Mouth height 157  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 31 m
Bottom slope 0.72 ‰
length 43.2 km 
to the confluence with the Elz
80 km 
with the lower reaches of the Elz
Catchment area 134.33 km² 
up to the confluence with the Elz
Continuous old retreat in the Taubergießen nature reserve

Continuous old retreat in the Taubergießen nature reserve

The continuous old retreat is a tributary of the Rhine in the districts of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald and Emmendingen as well as the Ortenaukreis in Baden-Württemberg. The old retreat was created in the 1960s by connecting the existing old Rhine in order to limit the ecological consequences of the expansion of the Upper Rhine for shipping and energy generation ; it flows through the nature reserves Rappennestgießen , Rheinniederung Wyhl-Weisweil and Taubergießen .

There are different definitions of uninterrupted retirement. According to the official digital water management network (AWGN), the old draw-in branches off from the Rhine north of Breisach and flows into the Elz at Schwanau - Wittenweier . According to the water law for Baden-Württemberg, on the other hand, the Elz is a tributary of the old inflow that flows into the Rhine at Kehl .

Origin and function

prehistory

Up until the middle of the 19th century, the Upper Rhine ran in the form of a clogged river in the area of ​​today's continuous old inflow . In addition to the main channel, there were several side channels between which sand and gravel banks and numerous islands, mostly with bushes or coppice , extended. The watercourses shifted, especially during floods . Today's field names on "-kopf" refer to islands of that time; Names on "-grund" indicate wet sinks.

When the Rhine was corrected according to plans by Johann Gottfried Tulla , a solid river bed was created in the middle of the 19th century, dimensioned for a discharge of around 2000 m³ / s. The previous rivers became old Rhine or silted up . As a result of the Rhine correction, the mean water level of the Rhine fell due to deep erosion over long stretches; south of Breisach the river deepened up to five meters. The deep erosion was less north of Breisach; at Rhinau , however, the water level rose by almost a meter. After the Rhine had been corrected, large areas were diked and could henceforth be used economically.

After the First World War, France was granted the right in the Versailles Treaty to use the Rhine in the area of ​​the Franco-German border to generate electricity. By 1959, the Rhine canal with power stations and locks for shipping was built between Basel and Breisach on the left bank, which belongs to France . The Tulla'sche Rheinbett became the remainder of the Rhine , in which mostly only a small amount of water flowed off. This sank the groundwater level south of Breisach by another two meters.

For the area north of the Kaiserstuhl , according to studies available in 1952, if the canal construction continued, even more extensive damage was to be expected, as the Rhine plain is wider here and the influence of the Rhine on the groundwater level extends further inland. The investigation commissioned by the building department of the Baden Ministry of Finance saw the livelihood of the population at risk from the construction of the canal.

In view of the ecological consequences of the construction of the canal, but also in order to maintain access to the Breisach harbor, France and Germany agreed on the so-called loop solution in 1956 . To the north of Breisach “loops” - side canals, each with a power station and two locks - were built; the sections of the Tulla river bed lying in between were bordered with dams on the bank due to the damming caused by the power plants. Weirs were built at the branches of the canals, through which the discharge exceeding 1400 m³ / s, but at least 15 m³ / s, was introduced into the rest of the Rhine next to the canals.

The loop solution also had disadvantages for the groundwater level and the water balance of the Rhine floodplains : In the area of ​​the developed sections of the Rhine, flooding of the floodplain was hardly possible; the new dams made the exchange between groundwater and river water more difficult. In the rest of the Rhine sections, floods, which were an important part of the water balance of the floodplains, were much rarer because the canal had an additional discharge capacity of 1400 m³ / s. So that the water level in the rest of the Rhine did not drop too much due to the often low runoff, fixed thresholds were installed as cultural weirs, which raised the water level to the former mean low water level .

activities

In order to counter the disadvantages of the loop solution, the concept of a free-flowing parallel run to the Rhine was created as the “most effective and also the most economical solution”, says Walter Raabe from the Freiburg Waterways and Shipping Directorate . The parallel run, known as continuous old retraction , was created by connecting existing old rivers; Cross connections and tributaries were included. Extraction structures were built on the Rhine to feed the old intake. Several weirs were built to distribute the water; if there is sufficient water, the Rheinaue should also be partially flooded.

Aqueduct over the arm of the old Rhine near Jechtingen ( Willy Pragher , 1962)

Waters contaminated with wastewater such as the blue water or the Sasbacher Altrhein were separated from the Altrheine and fed to the Rhine as directly as possible, with aqueducts or culverts being built to cross the Altrheine . Below the Leopold Canal , the flowing waters like the Elz made it impossible to consistently separate the old Rhine and polluted waters. Since the Rhine water was also polluted, attempts were made to improve its water quality by means of soil filtration. To cross under the Leopold Canal, a common culvert was created for the continuous old draft and the Stückergraben. In the future, the Stückergraben was to serve as a receiving water for a planned central sewage treatment plant for the city of Freiburg and other communities in the Breisgau Bay . In the area of ​​the Limberg , which borders directly on the Tulla'sche Rhine bed, a pipeline was built under the Rheinuferstraße, which connects the old Rhine areas south and north of the mountain.

It was planned to imitate the previous water level fluctuations through adjustable inlet and outlet weirs between the Rhine and the Old Rhine, through the weirs in the Old Rhine and the changing water volumes. After commissioning the first sections of the river, it became clear that the operation of the numerous weirs was complicated and required a great deal of effort. The old Rhine sealed their own bed much faster than expected, so that the enrichment of the groundwater fell short of expectations. In the dammed up sections of the Rhine, too, the bed and dams were quickly sealed, so that only a small amount of seepage water accumulated, for which the side ditch of the Rhine had been dug at the dams. As a result, the side ditch contributed to the lowering of the water table.

The high nutrient content of the discharged Rhine water was problematic . It endangered a peculiarity of the Rhine floodplains north of the Kaiserstuhl - spring pots, which are particularly located on the edge of the floodplains and from which very nutrient-poor water escapes in sometimes large quantities; The temperature of the spring water changes little over the year. The water in the spring pots and their drains, known as pouring , are highly transparent and, if the water depth is sufficient, they are intensely blue in color; they are home to rare plant species.

According to information from April 1968, a little over 8 million DM was invested in the expansion of the Old Rhine. In December 1971, the federal and state governments concluded an administrative agreement according to which the federal government should pay 66.7 percent of the costs for groundwater support measures, 58.3 percent of the costs for measures for wastewater from the Breisgau Bay, and 66.7 percent of the costs for other wastewater measures and covers 41.5 percent of the cost of flood protection measures. The maintenance obligation lies with the state, which declared the uninterrupted old immigration to be a first order body of water in 1978 . According to an agreement with France, depending on the discharge in the Rhine, 0.5 m³ / s (below 800 m³ / s), 1.0 m³ / s (below 1400 m³ / s), 2.0 m³ / s (below 1500 m³ / s) or 10.0 m³ / s (over 1500 m³ / s) can be fed into the continuous old pull-in. Rinsing should be carried out with the maximum value in order to desludge the old Rhine.

reviews

The evaluations of the measures taken to preserve the Rhine floodplains diverge widely: Walter Raabe from the Freiburg Waterways and Shipping Directorate saw a “complete success of the supplementary hydraulic engineering measures”. Lennart Bernadotte praised the complete separation of the Old Rhine from the receiving waters polluted with sewage as a "remarkable achievement" in a statement for the German Council for Land Care . Kurt Ehls, who is involved in the project at the Freiburg Water Management Authority, characterized the measures as the new task of seeing a landscape ecologically and contributing to its recovery with ecotechnical measures. Ehls saw the stability of the Rhine floodplain ecosystem being significantly reduced by the expansion of the Upper Rhine, and the artificial water supply could "only compensate for this very imperfectly".

Werner Krause, who researched the waters in Taubergießen, considered the overwhelming accumulation of eutrophic water, which flows in via the continuous old intake, to be the most burning nature conservation problem in Taubergießen in 1975. The backwater through the small weirs and the backwater through the Gerstheim power station reduced the flow velocity, so that former salmonid waters turned into waters polluted with algae. Due to the damming and the higher runoff, water structures such as rubble banks and ford - scour sequences were lost. The botanist Gerhard Hügin considered it "incomprehensible that the floods can be drained over long stretches in a narrow river bed". An excessive flood could enrich the groundwater and contribute to flood protection downstream. A description of the nature reserve Rheinniederung Wyhl-Weisweil states great losses in the fish fauna, the result of the changed flow conditions. Species bound to oxygen-rich waters are no longer or hardly to be found, instead less demanding species dominate.

In 2016, the environmental historian Christoph Bernhardt highlighted the agreement reached in the technical committee for the construction of the Rhine canal, in which France agreed to the extraction of Rhine water for the purposes of national culture after the Versailles Treaty had excluded such uses. The agreement was "in fact a first small-scale step towards floodplain renaturation developed from the dynamics of hydrological relationships". However, at that time there could be no question of a hegemony of environmental policy; it was about a “unstable balance between the various interests and user groups”. For Bernhardt, the paradigm shift to a cross-border environmental policy on the Upper Rhine took place between the 1950s and 1970s, which is exemplified by the changes in planning for the Rhine canal.

Follow-up

Prime Minister Filbinger at an on-site meeting about the sewage pipeline in Taubergießen (Willy Pragher, 1973)

The planned construction of a sewer pipe for the central sewage treatment plant in the Breisgau Bay led to protests by municipalities, conservationists and residents in the 1970s. For the sewer, a construction with the common culvert structure for the continuous old pull-in and the Stückergraben had already been built in the 1960s. The plan was to dig a ditch for only partially clarified water from the culvert on the edge of the Taubergießens, which was then still a protected landscape area, along to the full Rhine at Kappel / Rhinau. The plans were not implemented; today the Leopold Canal serves as the receiving water for the sewage treatment plant.

Between 2006 and 2011 around 20 million euros were invested in improving flood protection in the Rheinhausen community . In the process, the gap in the dam at the mouth of the Inner Rhine was closed and a pumping station was built to ensure the receiving water of the Inner Rhine during floods. Before that, the flood area reached as far as the built-up areas of the two districts of Rheinhaus. In order to compensate for the loss of the floodplain, the flood protection dam was relocated at the Rheinhausen level, so that the continuous old inflow is in the floodplain.

In 2007, construction work was carried out in the Taubergießen nature reserve with the aim of counteracting the silting up of the waters there and reconnecting the floodplain more directly to the runoff regime of the Rhine. For this purpose, dams were laid on the rest of the Rhine and on the Leopold Canal and bodies of water were redesigned in such a way that the flow speed increases. The costs of around 2 million euros were financed from the INTERREG program of the European Union.

In the winter of 2017/2018, one of the embankments created in the previous measures on the Leopold Canal was raised again. The aim of this was to ensure that the parts of the Dewfall River near the Rhine are flooded first, and only in the event of major floods, the parts of the Daubergießens located further east.

The Integrated Rhine Program (IRP) aims to restore protection from a 200-year flood on the Upper Rhine . This protection was lost in the course of the construction of the barrages and the embankment of floodplains. To this end, polders are being built to cut the tops of flood waves. In Baden-Württemberg, the construction of 13 polders is planned, three of which are in the catchment area of ​​the continuous old inflow:

  • The plan approval has been carried out for the Breisach / Burkheim polder since December 2015 . The polder covers an area of ​​around 634 hectares; the retention volume is 6.5 million m³. The construction of an inlet structure is planned around one kilometer below the branch of the continuous old pull-in from the Rhine. The water flows back around seven kilometers, a little north of Sponeck Castle , back into the Rhine. A river polder is planned that will be flown through in the event of a flood. The damming effect is achieved through a bottleneck at the level of the Burkheim sports fields.
  • The Wyhl / Weisweil polder has been in the planning phase since December 2018. The retention volume is 7.7 million m³. An area of ​​around 595 hectares is to be dammed, which extends from the beginning of the Rhine side dam north of the Limberg to the Rheinstrasse in Weisweil. To the north is the outflow area reaching to the Leopold Canal, in which the water flows back into the Rhine. The Rhine roads from Wyhl and Weisweil are to be used as cross dams.
  • The Elz estuary polder has been under construction since 2008. Between 2011 and 2015, work was suspended due to a decision by the Mannheim Administrative Court . The polder covers an area of ​​around 469 hectares; the retention volume is 5.3 million m³. The continuous old retreat crosses the polder from the Atzelkopf at the Rhinau – Kappel ferry to its confluence with the Elz. The already completed inlet structure and a transverse dam with a culvert structure are located in this area. Structures are adapted to the continuous old retraction and the passage for fish is established. The polder continues from the mouth of the old inflow a good four kilometers north to the old mouth of the Schutter relief canal .

geography

course

Spring pond in the nature reserve Rappennestgießen

According to the AWGN, the continuous old intake branches off the Rhine north of the outskirts of Breisach at Rhine km 287.8 via an extraction structure in the Rhine embankment. In the initially narrow Rheinaue, the Altreinzug runs under the local name Waldschlut mainly in the east of the Aue. At Burkheimer Baggersee , which is bypassed by the Altreinzug in the east, the local name changes to Rappennestgießen . The old retreat flows through the nature reserve of the same name on the western edge; A spring pond flows from the right, which is one of the largest still existing groundwater outlets in the Rheinaue. The water probably comes from a groundwater stream that flows from the Münstertal in the Black Forest, the Neumagen valley , into the Rhine plain.

At Burkheim , the Altreinzug crosses the blue water that drains the western part of the Kaiserstuhl . From Sponeck Castle , which lies on the right on a rock spur above the Rheinaue, the old pull-in is called Großmattenrhein . This is the name under which the old move-in passes Jechtingen and Sasbach . Both the Jechtinger Dorfbach and the Sasbacher Altrhein cross the Altrheinzug without elevation; the latter is the receiving water of a sewage treatment plant.

To the northwest of Sasbach lies the Limberg , an extension of the Kaiserstuhl with Limburg Castle, directly on the Tulla Rhine. The continuous old pull-in passes the bottleneck in a pipeline under Rheinuferstraße. From the Limberg, the old retreat bears the local name Weisweiler Mühlbach , at the same time it is the border of the Rheinniederung Wyhl-Weisweil nature reserve . West of Wyhl the name Weisweiler Mühlbach goes over to a body of water that branches off the Rhine as Neuer Weisweiler Mühlbach . The old retreat crosses the New Mühlbach and completely enters the nature reserve under the name Grienwasser .

Within the nature reserve, the continuous old retreat forms the main strand of a system of oxbow lakes; the drainage in the individual arms can usually be regulated using locks . According to biotope mapping , the water is polluted and cloudy. The flow rate varies from almost standing to fast flowing. The aquatic vegetation is partly lush; On the banks there are relics of the white willow forest and often black poplars . Other, rapidly flowing and narrow sections have hardly any aquatic vegetation.

At the level of Weisweil , the old retreat runs through a wide old Rhine parallel to district road 5135 , which leads from the town to the banks of the Rhine. The confluence with the Rhine is dammed; the old retraction bends to the right a few 100 meters beforehand. In the next 4 kilometers, the old inflow flows through the north of the nature reserve Rheinniederung Weisweil-Wyhl ; Sections are named Hansenkehle and Stückerkehle . The water is accompanied by reeds , sedge meadows , gray willow bushes and occasionally white willows.

The Leopold Canal , a flood relief canal of the Elz built between 1837 and 1842 , separates the nature reserves Rheinniederung Weisweil-Wyhl in the southwest and Taubergießen in the northeast. The continuous old pull-in crosses under the Leopold Canal together with the Stückergraben in a common culvert structure , from which it flows into a curved oxbow known as the Weier / Halbmond .

In Taubergießen, too, the continuous Altreinzug is part of a multiple branching system of branches of the Altrhein, which extends in the north to a confluence with the Rhine south of the Rhinau – Kappel ferry . Due to the backwater of the Gerstheim barrage, the arms of the Old Rhine widen; at the same time, the flow rate decreases sharply as a result. The estuary is enlarged like a lake by gravel mining. According to the 2017 biotope mapping, the water is polluted and nutrient-rich, which contributes to the decline of rare aquatic plants that depend on unpolluted spring water. The vegetation on the banks is mostly very close to nature; for example there are relics of white willow forests.

The continuous old retraction leaves the system of the old Rhine arms on the Herrenkopf south of the lake-like extension that is part of the Rennkehle. It crosses a flood dam twice in weir or culvert structures. In the approximately one kilometer long intermediate section, the old inlet flows on the edge of a meadow area that belongs to the right bank of the Rhine in the Alsatian municipality of Rhinau , is also part of the Taubergießen nature reserve and is known for its orchid occurrences.

After the second crossing of the dam, the old retreat enters a strip of land between the Rhine side dam and the flood protection dam, which tapers from around 400 to around 200 meters. The area is forested and belongs to the northern part of the Taubergießen nature reserve; the old pull-in runs in a wide old Rhine arm and crosses under the state road 103 from the ferry terminal to Kappel-Grafenhausen .

The continuous old retreat flows south of Schwanau - Wittenweier at Gewann Griesacker Köpfle from the left and west-southwest into the Elz. After about 37 kilometers, the Elz flows through the old Rhine waters south of the city of Kehl and below the Kehl culture weir from the right into the Rhine. In some sections, the Elz bears the local name Durchgehender Altrheinzug: near Schwanau- Ottenheim , near Meißenheim and in the mouth area from the Kehler district of Goldscheuer .

Tributaries and catchment areas

The most important tributary of the continuous old pull-in is the Inner Rhine , which flows into the old pull-in in Taubergießen, southwest of Rust . In its current form, around 15.8 km long, the Inner Rhine was created between 1883 and 1885, when a culvert was built under the Leopold Canal, which is designed for a discharge of 5 m³ / s. The Weisweiler Mühlbach was connected to the culvert, which branched off from the Rhine on the Limberg and drove mills in Wyhl and Weisweil. The Mühlbach had been cut off when the Leopold Canal was being built; Before the culvert was built, the water ran along the left canal embankment into the Old Rhine area. As a result of Tulla's Rhine correction, the Inner Rhine was dry before the connection with the Mühlbach. According to the agreement with France, the Weisweiler Mühlbach is charged with 0.9 m³ / s (from a discharge in the Rhine of at least 390 m³ / s) or 2.24 m³ / s (with a discharge of more than 1290 m³ / s). The sections of the continuous old inflow lying below the mouth and the Rennkehle are sometimes referred to as the Inner Rhine.

The longest tributary of the Inner Rhine is the 15.4 km long Stückerwasser , which flows north of Weisweil into the 10.6 km long upper course Weisweiler Mühlbach at the mouth . The Stückerwasser is created under the name Erletalgraben south of the city of Endingen in the north of the Kaiserstuhl . The body of water leaves the low mountain range of volcanic origin near Endingen and flows through the northern foreland of the Kaiserstuhl under the section names Endinger Vorflutgraben , Schelmengraben , Dorfgraben and Muhrgraben . South of Weisweiler, the body of water crosses under the Weisweiler Mühlbach and receives several tributaries from the Rheinaue before its mouth.

The above-ground catchment area of the continuous old inflow includes the Rheinaue, the northern edge of the Kaiserstuhl and large parts of the Forchheimer Niederterrassenplatte north of the Kaiserstuhl. The lower terrace consists of ice-age gravel, which is usually covered with loess or loess clay. Several brooks that develop in the Kaiserstuhl seep away on their alluvial fans or on the generally poor lower terrace.

Nutria in the racing throat

Due to human interventions, the catchment area of ​​the continuous old retreat has some special features. The crossings through other bodies of water, in particular the Leopold Canal as a flood relief for the Elz, and also bodies of water that were separated from the Old Rhine in the 1960s due to their wastewater pollution ( Blauwasser , Sasbacher Altrhein and Stückergraben) are striking. An area at the confluence of the Leopold Canal and the Rhine that drains into the Rhine or the canal does not belong to the catchment area of ​​the old inflow. An area in the Taubergießen nature reserve also drains directly into the Rhine, which flows into the river via the Rennkehle near Rhinau / Kappel.

literature

  • German Council for Land Care (Ed.): Land Care on the Upper Rhine. Statement by the German Council for Land Care and reports on the expansion of the Upper Rhine between Basel and Karlsruhe and its land conservation effects on the occasion of visits by the Council in June and September 1967. (= Series of publications by the German Council for Land Care, Volume 10) Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1968 ( Download ).

Web links

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the continuous old pull-in
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b Height according to the digital terrain model of the online waterway map.
  2. ↑ a b Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  3. ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  4. ↑ See special node KLA Breisgauer Bucht, Freiburg-Forchheim at Abfluss-BW - a data and map service of the State Agency for the Environment Baden-Württemberg ( information )
  5. ↑ a b c Protected areas according to the relevant layers.
  6. ^ Forest biotope mapping Baden-Württemberg, survey form Altrheinarme NW Wyhl. Biotope number: 278113162192. ( Accessed October 26, 2019).
  7. ↑ Forest biotope mapping Baden-Württemberg, survey form old arm sections NW Wyhl. Habitat number: 278113165503. ( Accessed October 26, 2019).
  8. ^ Forest biotope mapping Baden-Württemberg, survey form Altrheinarme S Leopoldskanal. Biotope number: 2771231620713. ( Accessed October 26, 2019).
  9. ↑ Forest biotope mapping Baden-Württemberg, survey form for the old Rhine arm system in Taubergießen. Habitat number: 277123173041. ( Accessed October 26, 2019).
  10. ↑ Local names after the layer water name .

Other evidence

  1. ^ Heinz Fischer, Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 177 Offenburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1967. →  Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB).
  2. ^ Water Act for Baden-Württemberg. Appendix 1 - List of waters of the first order in the version dated December 3, 2013.
  3. ^ Alexander Ostermann, Wolfgang Kramer: Taubergießen . In: Regional Council Freiburg (Hrsg.): Nature reserves in the administrative region of Freiburg. 3rd edition, Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2011, ISBN 978-3-7995-5177-9 , pp. 517-522, here p. 519.
  4. ↑ a b Graphic from Walter Raabe: Hydraulic engineering and landscape management on the Upper Rhine. In: Deutscher Rat für Landespflege, Landespflege am Oberrhein , pp. 24–31, here p. 25.
  5. ^ Herbert Moser: The Rhine side canal - a borderland problem. In: Paul-Ludwig Weinacht (Ed.): The Baden regions on the Rhine. 50 years of Baden in Baden-Württemberg - a balance sheet. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2002, ISBN 3-7890-7712-7 , pp. 220-230, here pp. 221-224.
  6. ^ Karl Knäble: On the question of the power development of the Upper Rhine between Kehl / Strasbourg and Lauterburg. In: Deutscher Rat für Landespflege, Landespflege am Oberrhein , pp. 19–23, here p. 20.
  7. ↑ a b Rheinhardswald Räger: Preliminary observations on the planned development of the Upper Rhine from Strasbourg to Karlsruhe. In: Deutscher Rat für Landespflege, Landespflege am Oberrhein , pp. 61–67, here p. 62.
  8. ↑ Herbert Moser, The Rhine Side Canal - a borderland problem. In: Weinacht, The Baden Regions , p. 226.
  9. ^ Walter Raabe: Hydraulic engineering and landscape management on the Upper Rhine. In: Deutscher Rat für Landespflege, Landespflege am Oberrhein , pp. 24–31, here p. 29.
  10. ^ Walter Raabe: Hydraulic engineering and landscape management on the Upper Rhine. In: Deutscher Rat für Landespflege, Landespflege am Oberrhein , pp. 24–31, here p. 29 f.
  11. ↑ Kurt Ehls: The importance of the old Rhine and their regulation. In: State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg, Institute for Ecology and Nature Conservation (Ed.): Limberg am Kaiserstuhl nature reserve. Guide to the scientific educational trail near Sasbach a. Rh. (= Guide through nature and landscape protection areas of Baden-Württemberg , Volume 2) 2nd edition, Institute for Ecology and Nature Conservation, Karlsruhe 1987, ISBN 3-88251-115-X , pp. 219–226, here p. 224.
  12. ↑ Kurt Ehls: The importance of the old Rhine and their regulation. In: State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg, Limberg Nature Reserve , pp. 219–226, here pp. 225 f.
  13. ↑ a b Count Lennart Bernadotte: Statement of the German Council for Land Management on the expansion of the Upper Rhine from Basel to Karlsruhe. In: Deutscher Rat für Landespflege, Landespflege am Oberrhein , pp. 5–9, here p. 6.
  14. ↑ Werner Krause: The Taubergießen area, example of the recent history of the location in the Upper Rhine Plain. In: Landesstelle für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden-Württemberg, Taubergießengebiet , pp. 147–172, here pp. 147, 152.
  15. ^ Graf Lennart Bernadotte : Statement of the German Council for Land Care on the expansion of the Upper Rhine from Basel to Karlsruhe. In: Deutscher Rat für Landespflege, Landespflege am Oberrhein , pp. 5–9, here p. 7.
  16. ↑ Herbert Moser, The Rhine Side Canal - a borderland problem. In: Weinacht, The Baden Regions , p. 229.
  17. ↑ Herbert Moser, The Rhine Side Canal - a borderland problem. In: Weinacht, The Baden Regions , p. 228 f.
  18. ^ Walter Raabe: Hydraulic engineering and landscape management on the Upper Rhine. In: Deutscher Rat für Landespflege, Landespflege am Oberrhein , pp. 24–31, here p. 31.
  19. ↑ Kurt Ehls: The importance of the old Rhine and their regulation. In: State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg, Limberg Nature Reserve , pp. 219–226, here p. 226.
  20. ↑ Werner Krause: The Taubergießen area, example of the recent history of the location in the Upper Rhine Plain. In: Landesstelle für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden-Württemberg, Taubergießengebiet , pp. 147–172, here pp. 152, 159.
  21. ↑ Werner Krause: The water vegetation in the Taubergießen area before the opening of the Rhine canal with prospects for future development. In: Landesstelle für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden-Württemberg, Taubergießengebiet , pp. 306–324, here p. 308.
  22. ^ Gerhard Hügin: The expansion of the Upper Rhine and its consequences for nature and landscape. In: State Office for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): The Taubergiessen area. A Rhine meadow landscape. (= The nature and landscape protection areas of Baden-Württemberg , Volume 7) State Office for Nature Protection and Landscape Management, Ludwigsburg 1975, pp. 173–176, here p. 174 f.
  23. ^ Ulrike Herth: Rheinniederung Wyhl-Weisweil. In: Regional Council Freiburg, Nature Reserves, pp. 290–292, here p. 291.
  24. ↑ Christoph Bernhardt: In the mirror of the water. A transnational environmental history of the Upper Rhine (1800–2000). (= Environmental History Research , Volume 5) Böhlau, Cologne 2016, ISBN 978-3-412-22155-3 , pp. 437, 449, 450 (quotations).
  25. ↑ Helmut Schönnamsgruber , Martin Kunze: The protection of the Taubergießen area and its further endangerment. In: Landesstelle für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden-Württemberg, Taubergießengebiet , pp. 3–135, here pp. 71–125.
  26. ↑ Rheinhausen flood protection at the Freiburg Regional Council (accessed on October 28, 2019).
  27. ^ Regional Council Freiburg (ed.): Revitalization Taubergießen. Old Rhine with a new dynamic. July 2007 (pdf, 2.8 MB, at the municipality of Kappel-Grafenhausen).
  28. ^ Starting shot for better flood protection for Rheinhausen (Emmendingen district). The regional council begins construction work on the Leopold Canal and on the Old Rhine. Press release from the Freiburg Regional Council on October 10, 2017.
  29. ^ Freiburg regional council: Breisach-Burkheim retention area. Explanatory report on the plan approval application dated December 18, 2015. p. 35 Download from the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district.
  30. ↑ Wyhl / Weisweil flood retention area. An information newspaper. P. 2 (pdf, 4.9 MB).
  31. ↑ Elz estuary at the regional councils of Baden-Württemberg (accessed on October 29, 2019).
  32. ↑ Bärbel Koch: Rappennestgießen. In: Regional Council Freiburg, nature reserves, pp. 225–228, here p. 226.
  33. ^ Freiburg regional council: Taubergießen nature reserve. Leaflet with map, September 2019 (pdf, 2.6 MB).
  34. ↑ Reinhold Hämmerle: The Hausener Elz - history of a river landscape. In: Anton Wild (Ed.): Rheinhausen. Contributions to the history of Oberhausen and Niederhausen. Volume 1, Waldkircher Verlagsgesellschaft, Waldkirch 1992, pp. 73-94, here pp. 83 f.
  35. ↑ Herbert Moser, The Rhine Side Canal - a borderland problem. In: Weinacht, The Baden Regions , p. 228.
  36. ^ R. Möckel: Surface forms. In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg, district Emmendingen (ed.): The district Emmendingen. Volume 1, Thorbecke, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7995-1361-2 , pp. 35-51, here p. 50.