Pistoia
Pistoia | ||
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Country | Italy | |
region | Tuscany | |
province | Pistoia (PT) | |
Coordinates | 43 ° 56 ' N , 10 ° 55' E | |
height | 67 m slm | |
surface | 236 km² | |
Residents | 90,677 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
Population density | 384 inhabitants / km² | |
Post Code | 51100 | |
prefix | 0573 | |
ISTAT number | 047014 | |
Popular name | Pistoiesi | |
Patron saint | San Jacopo (July 25th) | |
Website | Pistoia | |
Dom Sankt Zeno on Domplatz |
Pistoia is the capital of the Tuscan province of Pistoia in Italy . It has 90,677 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) and is located about 35 km from Florence on the Ombrone Pistoiese river . In 2017 Pistoia was the Capitale Italiana della Cultura , Italy's cultural capital, which was initiated with a ceremony in the town hall on March 15th.
Pistoia is an industrial city known for metal products and the largest concentration of tree nurseries in Europe.
Pistoia is the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Pistoia , which dates back to the 3rd century.
history
Under the name Pistorium, a Roman oppidum was founded in the 2nd century BC , which primarily served to supply the troops who were fighting against the Ligurians . The city is also mentioned by Sallust : he tells of the battle of Pistoria in 62 BC. In which the conspirator Catilina perished ( De coniuratione Catilinae ). In 406 Pistorium was destroyed by the Visigoths . After the reconstruction, the city came under Byzantine rule. In the 8th century it flourished briefly under the Longobards .
In the 12th century, Pistoia was an independent comune with a vibrant economy and rapid urban expansion. The second city wall was built during this time. This quadrupled the walled city area compared to the first wall from the 7th to 8th centuries. However, the city's development was then hampered by the internal struggles between Ghibellines and Guelphs and the rivalry between the neighboring cities of Florence and Lucca . The 14th century was marked by many wars in which Pistoia was finally subject to Florentine power. This did not end the internal feuds, and fighting between the Panciatichi and Cancellieri families continued in the 15th century. With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , Pistoia finally became part of the Medicean sphere of power. Cosimo I de 'Medici had the third city wall built, which still exists today. In the early modern period , Pistoia was politically insignificant. Only the election of the Pistoian Giulio Rospigliosi as Pope Clement IX is to be recorded. in 1667.
Pistoia began to grow again in the middle of the 19th century and expanded beyond the third city wall. In 1927, Benito Mussolini made Pistoia the capital of the province of the same name.
Sights and events
The city center offers significant historical buildings:
- the cathedral square
- the Cathedral of San Zeno (Duomo)
- the Church of the Madonna of Humility ( Basilica della Madonna dell'Umiltà ) with the third largest dome in Italy
- the church of Sant'Andrea with the pulpit by Giovanni Pisano
- the Baptistery ( Battistero ) on Cathedral Square, 1359 by Cellino di Nese according to plans by Andrea Pisano completed
- the Municipal Museum ( Museo Civico ) in the Palazzo Comunale (construction period 1294-1385)
- Ospedale del Ceppo (hospital) - vestibule with ceramic picture friezes and - tondi u. a. by Giovanni della Robbia
- an annual blues festival in early July with artists such as BB King , Jerry Lee Lewis or Chuck Berry , concerts on Domplatz
- the Sculpture Park Villa Celle
Twin cities
- Zittau , Germany
- Kruševac , Serbia
- Pau , France
- Reutlingen , Germany
sons and daughters of the town
- Cino da Pistoia (around 1270–1336 / 1337), lawyer and poet
- Andreas Franchi (1335-1401), bishop
- Buonaccorso da Montemagno the Elder (–1390), lawyer and ambassador
- Buonaccorso da Montemagno the Younger (1391 / 1393–1429), humanist and poet
- Domenico Rosselli (around 1439 – around 1497/1498), sculptor
- Francesco Bracciolini (1566–1646), poet
- Clement IX (1600–1669), Pope from 1667 to 1669
- Atto Melani (1626–1714), castrato singer, diplomat, spy and writer
- Giovanni Pietro Pinamonti (1632–1703), Jesuit and writer
- Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani (1638–1692), composer and cathedral music director in Pistoia (1687–1692)
- Alessandro Melani (1639–1703), composer
- Felice Rospigliosi (1639–1688), cardinal
- Giuseppe Mariani (1681–1731), baroque master builder
- Ippolito Desideri (1684–1733), Jesuit and missionary
- Francesco Manfredini (1684–1762), late baroque composer
- Lodovico Giustini (1685–1743), organist and composer
- Francesco Arcangeli (1737–1768) is considered to be the murderer of the archaeologist Johann Joachim Winckelmann
- Vincenzo Manfredini (1737–1799), harpsichordist and composer
- Giuseppe Gherardeschi (1759–1815), composer and conductor in the Cathedral of Pistoia (1800–1815)
- Filippo Pacini (1812–1883), discoverer of the cholera pathogen
- Enrico Betti (1823-1892), mathematician and engineer
- Renato Fondi (1887–1929), poet and musicologist
- Giovanni Michelucci (1891–1990), architect and town planner
- Raffaello Pacini (1899–1964), documentary filmmaker and director
- Marino Marini (1901–1980), sculptor and graphic artist
- Licio Gelli (1919–2015), founder of the Italian Masonic Lodge Propaganda Due
- Mauro Bolognini (1922–2001), film director
- Carlo Chiti (1924-1994), designer
- Roberto Bussinello (1927–1999), racing car driver
- Ardico Magnini (1928-2020), football player
- Loretto Petrucci (1929-2016), racing cyclist
- Sergio Bazzini (* 1935), screenwriter and director
- Luciano Agostiniani (* 1939), linguist and etrusologist
- Adolfo Natalini (1941–2020), architect, designer and town planner
- Giovanni Federico (* 1954), historian
- Marco Venturini (* 1960), marksman
- Gabriele Magni (* 1973), fencer
- Luca Mazzanti (* 1974), vehicle designer
- Marco Osella (* 1981), racing cyclist
- Francesco Ginanni (* 1985), racing cyclist
literature
history
- Natale Rauty: Storia di Pistoia. Vol. 1: Dall'alto Medioevo all'età precomunale (406-1105). Firenze 1988, ISBN 88-00-85542-3 .
- Giovanni Cherubini: Storia di Pistoia. Vol. 2: L'età del libero comune. Dall'inizio del XII alla metà del XIV secolo. Firenze 1998, ISBN 88-00-85708-6 .
- Giuliano Pinto, Francesco Neri: Storia di Pistoia. Vol. 3: Dentro lo stato Fiorentino dalla metà del XIV alla fine del XVIII secolo. Firenze 1999, ISBN 88-00-85710-8 .
- Giorgio Peracchi, Alessandro Andreini: Storia di Pistoia. Vol. 4: Nell'età delle rivoluzioni (1777–1940). Firenze 2000, ISBN 88-00-85709-4 .
- Peter Lütke Westhues: Observations on the character and the dating of the oldest statutes of the municipality of Pistoia from the 12th century , in: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries 77 (1997) 51–83. ( online )
- Giampaolo Francesconi: "La città era ben murata e merlata". Crescita urbana e costruzione delle mura nella Pistoia comunale , in: Bullettino Storico Pistoiese CXVII (2015) 37–66.
geography
- Emanuele Repetti: PISTOJA (PISTORIUM). In: Dizionario Geografico Fisico Storico della Toscana. (1833–1846), online edition of the University of Siena (pdf, Italian).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
- ^ Report on the ceremony on the website of the Italian Prime Minister of March 15, 2017 [1] , accessed on March 16, 2017
- ↑ Pistoia | City of Reutlingen. Retrieved September 8, 2019 .