Precision sports
As Precision Sports various sports are called, in which a given target has to be made as precise as possible with an object. If they are played without fixed rules, they are also known as games of skill .
Containment
No official definition can be found for the term precision sport. "The visual lexicon of sport" names the following precision sports: shooting, archery, billiards, bowls, pétanque, bowling, curling, golf. This list could be completed with crossbow shooting, mini golf, bowling, and other related sports. Classifications for competitions and / or by official associations are a possible way of limiting. Such a classification was made at the World Games 2005 in Duisburg. On their websites, some clubs and institutions also refer to sports they practice as precision sports. This is another way of narrowing it down.
At the World Games 2005 in Duisburg , the following sports were combined into precision sports: billiards , boules , bowling , field archery , casting and skittles .
On the World Wide Web, institutions and clubs refer to the sports of curling , shooting sports , golf , darts and mini golf as precision sports in addition to those already mentioned . A note regarding croquet can only be found on the English language website of the World Croquet Federation.
A possible differentiation of the term precision sport from games of skill would be the organization of the game or the sport in an association such as the DOSB , the IOC , the World Games or the interest group of the non-Olympic associations in the DOSB (IG NOV). Some of the sports depicted are games of skill .
Shooting sports
In sport shooting, the center of a target must be hit. The arrangement of rings on a target is called a "mirror", in most disciplines it is a question of ring targets with which a maximum of ten rings can be achieved. The closer you can place the hits in the middle, the more rings the shooter receives. The shooters use precise weapons that deliver results that are as reproducible as possible. Standardized conditions are offered in the shooting ranges. Sports shooting is divided according to the type of weapon:
Shooting is organized in various associations:
- German Shooting Federation is the DOSB represented
- German Archery Association 1959 e. V. (DBSV)
- Association of Military and Police Rifles V. (BDMP)
- German Shooting Union (DSU)
- Association of German Sport Shooters (BDS)
Various shooting sport disciplines take part in the Olympic Games and World Games . Regional, national and international competitions as well as league competitions are held.
In archery , in addition to the criteria mentioned above, there is also the effort required. In addition to ring-shaped targets, targets with pictures of animals, foam animals and throwing targets are also shot. At the field target , life-size metal silhouettes of small animals distributed on a course are shot at. The shooters walk the course in groups. Besides permanently attached targets is also shooting at moving targets as in trap shooting or running target .
darts
In darts, darts called darts are thrown at a target. Each player has three darts. The disc has rings and is also divided into 20 circular sectors with values from 1 to 20. In the middle is the bull's eye (value 50 points), and around that is the single bull (value 25 points). There is also a triple ring (triple value) and an outer double ring (double value). The distance from the throwing line to the dartboard and the height of the suspension of the dartboard are fixed.
The main discipline counts backwards, starting with 501 (301). Each player in turn throws the three darts. The points achieved will be deducted from the previous points. The aim of the game is to get exactly 0 points with a throw in a double field or in the middle (double bull). There are other variants of the game in which the fields to be hit are different.
There are traditional steel dartboards and e-dartboards. Dartboards and dart machines are often found in restaurants, where the game of darts is usually played as a game of skill.
All over the world, steel darts players are organized in the World Darts Federation (WDF), in Germany they are in the German Darts Association (DDV) in Austria in the Austrian Darts Association (ÖDV). There are also the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) and the British Darts Organization (BDO) as well as other associations and leagues that are independent of the association. In e-darts there are also wild leagues in addition to the main association of the German Sports Machine Association (DSAB) .
Curling and ice stock sport
Curling and ice stock sport are winter sports. On an ice rink, game pieces should be placed as precisely as possible on a target marked in the ice.
Curling
Two teams of four players each try to play their curling stones closer to the center of a target circle on an ice rink than the opposing team. The stone is pushed flat across the playing field. The opposing team is allowed to use their own stones to remove the opposing stones from their positions.
The stones (Engl. Rocks ) are round polished granite with a handle. They weigh a maximum of 44 pounds (19.958 kg) and are 11 inches (27.94 cm) in diameter . Due to the concave shape, the actual running surface is only a ring about 6 to 12 centimeters wide.
The players on a team play stones in turn. The other members wipe the ice in order to influence the speed and direction of the stone by thawing the ice, or they indicate the target. The game follows a common tactic that is determined by the skip, the coach, usually after consultation with the whole team.
The teams take turns playing the stones. At the beginning a lot is drawn to see who starts or who has the right to the last stone. The team that made the last point always begins.
The playing field consists of an ice surface that is carefully prepared. The field is divided by lines with the targets at both ends . The center, the button , is surrounded by rings, which according to their diameter are four-foot, eight-foot and twelve-foot rings (1.22 meters, 2.44 meters and 3.66 meters) are designated.
The scoring is not based on the proximity of the stone to the button. Rather, all stones at the end of an end count as points that are closer to the button than those of the opposing team and touch at least the twelve-foot ring.
The end of the game is where all players play their stones. As a rule, 10 ends are played, in the event of a tie, the game is extended by one end.
First of all, the precision lies in placing the stone in the best possible position in the target circle, the so-called house, or in front of it. When shooting (i.e. removing opposing stones) it is also important to hit the opposing stone at a precise point so that it (and possibly other stones through a chain reaction) is not only removed from its position, but also in a certain direction and moved a desired distance. Improving the position of your own stones also requires precision.
Curling is an Olympic sport, there are world championships, continent championships, national championships and regional championships. The international umbrella organization is the World Curling Federation .
Ice stock sport
Even in curling or stick shooting, there are three targets or target rings on the ice or the asphalt in the target competition . They consist of five rings each, within which you can reach from two (outermost ring) to ten points (innermost ring). In the target competition, several rounds are played on the various target rings and target sticks.
In the team competition, the main form practiced, a stave is played which is placed on the center cross at the beginning of the game, but which can be moved within the target area. The aim is to bring your own game pieces or sticks closer to the stave than the opposing team. So there is not a fixed target with circles around it, as in curling, but a moving target that is placed back on the target cross even during a section of the game, called a turn, when leaving the target field. In principle, there are virtual circles around this stave, on which the individual sticks and the stave lie. The sticks achieve different scores.
Unlike in curling, the teams do not take turns playing. The team whose best stick is further away from the stave always plays. If one team has no sticks, the others still play their sticks; if they do not reach the field, there are negative points.
Internationally, ice stock sport is organized in the International Federation Icestocksport. There have been European championships since 1951. Ice stock sport was twice a demonstration competition at the Olympic Games .
Ball games
Ball sports in the narrower sense are the sports organized in the Confédération Mondiale des Sports de Boules (CMSB). "The CMSB was recognized by the IOC (Comité International Olympique) on October 15, 1986 in Lausanne as a representative of all ball sports."
As a collective term for all ball games, the name Boule has become common in Germany , although strictly speaking this only refers to Boule Lyonnaise .
Boule Lyonnaise
Of the French ball games or boules, which are also played internationally, Boule Lyonnaise (or Jeu National, Lyonnaise, Jeu Lyonnais, today called Sport-Boules) is the oldest. It was created at the end of the 19th century.
The playing field is 27.50 meters × 3.00 meters. It is banded at the ends and divided by lines. There are also playing fields for the shooting disciplines. See also Boulodrome . Boule Lyonnaise is played in formations of 1 to 4 players. There is also the (trendy) shot in this sport.
Here, too, the balls that are closer to the target ball at the end of a shot than those of the opponent are used as points. The game is played up to 13 points, but there is also a time game over 1:30 or 2:00 hours.
In addition to the team competition, there are shooting competitions: The Tir progessif (also played as Tir rapide en double, (doubles)), in which speed is also important, and the Tir de précision, in which 11 so-called images (balls placed in fields) is shot.
In Germany the German Boule Association is Section Lyonnaise (DBLV) , internationally the Fédération Internationale de Boules (FIB) is the umbrella organization. There are world and continental championships, Boule Lyonnaise is played at the World Games and the Mediterranean Games .
Jeu Provençal
Jeu Provençal is an offshoot of Boule Lyonnaise. It is played according to simplified rules. The balls are lighter and smaller (see table competition balls ). The player takes one step out of the throwing circle, but has to play the ball before dragging the second leg. The playing field is 27.50 × 3.00 meters. It is banded at the ends and divided by lines. There are also playing fields for the shooting disciplines. (See also Boulodrome ) Jeu Provençal is played almost exclusively in France, although the sport is organized worldwide in the Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal .
Petanque
In pétanque, too, attempts are made to get closer to the target ball (cochonnet, pig, sow, etc.) than the opposing team with as many balls as possible .
In pétanque there are initially no specifications regarding the terrain and the type of throw. It is mandatory to drop it from a circle 35 to 50 centimeters in diameter. Both feet must touch the ground when throwing. The target ball must be thrown between 6 and 10 m, but may be moved to a distance between 3 and 20 m from the throwing circle. It must not enter prohibited areas or be covered by anything other than a game ball (for more details see pétanque ).
Playing fields may or must not be created, for which certain rules apply (see Boulodrome ). There are also prescribed diameters and weights for the balls and target balls (see competition balls ).
There are sensible but no prescribed throwing techniques. The balls may be rolled or thrown. Already lying balls or the target ball may be moved by other balls. A shot does not have to be announced. It can be executed as a low shot (ruffling), which purists refuse. If the shot hits shortly before the ball to be hit, it is called a devant shot (fr: devant = in front of it). A direct hit is missed (on iron). A special shot is a carreau (fr. Tile, diamond). Your own ball remains in the immediate vicinity of the shot ball, with Carreau sur place the ball remains in the place of the shot ball.
Pétanque is also played in recordings. There is a time rule. Thereafter, a throw must be taken one minute after it has been determined who will take the next throw. You always have to throw the formation that is not closer to the ball. When one team has run out of balls, the other team throws the remaining balls.
If it is not possible to determine without measuring which team has the better ball on the ground, it is measured first by the teams involved. If they do not come to a result, they can call a referee to measure.
In addition to a tape measure, a tirette or compass is used to measure . A tirette is a kind of folding rule that has a tongue that can be pushed out .
Basically 13 points are played. In preliminary rounds up to 11 points can be played, in finals (e.g. at the world championship) up to 15 points can be played.
The precision of pétanque differs a little from that of other ball sports. This is also due to the mostly very irregular nature of the soil.
The German professional association is the German Pétanque Association (DPV) , the Austrian is the Austrian Pétanque Association (ÖPV) and the Swiss is the Fédération Suisse de Pétanque (FSP). All three associations are members of the Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal FIPJP. Pétanque is played at World Games and the Mediterranean Games . See also pétanque competitions .
Regional sports
There are the following regional types of boules:
Boccia
Boccia, which comes from Italy, became known in Germany through the former Chancellor Konrad Adenauer , who was shown playing boccia in newsreels . As a result, plastic balls appeared.
As with most ball games, your own balls that are closer to the Palino than your opponents at the end of a game set ( recording ) count as points.
In contrast to the leisure variant (see boules game ), boccia is not played on grass, but “on level and perfectly leveled ground, divided into regular lanes, delimited by boards made of wood or other non-metallic materials. The height is 25 centimeters, with a tolerance limit of ± 2 centimeters. "
The track is 26.50 mx 4.50 m wide. It is divided into sections (see also Boulodrome ). In contrast to bowls, curling and stick shooting, boccia is not only played flat, but also three-dimensional throws, the raffa and the volo. These throws must be announced, otherwise they are invalid. They also have to touch the ground within certain zones in the field or hit the targeted ball directly. A game is over when a team has 15 points. Singles, doubles and threesomes are played.
In boccia, in addition to the precise placements and hits already mentioned under bowls, there is also the precise hitting of field zones or the targeted ball in the shot variants Raffa and Volo.
The Boccia Bund Deutschland e. V. belongs to the German Boccia, Boule and Pétanque Association . Boccia is international in the Confederazione Boccistica Internationale . European and world championships are played, boccia is represented at the Mediterranean games .
Bowls
The bowl from England is similar to the better known boccia. There are markings and boundaries on the playing fields. The goal is a moving target ball that Jack or Kitty is called. Another special feature is a small mat, on which the player has to stand when throwing the balls.
Both the target ball and the opponent's balls may be moved and removed from the playing field. According to certain rules, the jack is placed back on the center line. In bowls, too, the balls that come closer to the jack than those of the opposing team or the opposing individual player count. There are often multiple sets and a tie-break in the event of a tie . The main discipline in bowls is the individual. But there are also teams of two, three and four.
Even with bowls, the precise placement of your own ball, the precise hitting of balls that have already been placed and the hitting of the target ball are important factors in the game.
Internationally, Bowls is organized in World Bowls Ltd; this takes part in the Commonwealth Games . Worlds Bowls Ltd. have been a member of the Confédération Mondiale des Sports de Boules since September 2nd, 2003 .
Bowling
The goals are 9 or 10 cones (or pins) which (usually) have to be knocked over or cleared with two throws. The attempt is made to throw the ball in such a way that one or more cones are hit in such a way that further cones fall through a chain reaction. Bowling is practiced both as a leisure activity and as a sport.
Bowling
The aim of bowling (in the narrower sense) is to knock over nine cones with one rolled ball. The cones are arranged in the shape of a diamond at the end of a track. There are three different types of railway: asphalt railway (classic railway), plank railway and scissor railway. There are championships for all railways.
In competitions, a fixed number of throws is played in full and to clear away . When clearing, the remaining pins are played until they are hit (e.g. if four pins fall with the first throw, you have to hit the other five to be able to play all nine again). Each knocked down pin counts as one point. The size and weight of the balls (see competition balls ) and the cone are prescribed. There are a number of other variants for recreational play.
In addition to the bowling clubs, which regularly play in pubs and do not belong to any association, there are various associations that host national, continental and world championships. Bowling was a discipline at the World Games 2005 in Duisburg.
The German sport bowlers are organized in the German Kegler- und Bowlingbund (DKB). In Austria the Austrian Skittles and Bowling Association (ÖSKB), in Switzerland and Liechtenstein the Swiss Sports Bowlers Association (SSKV) is the umbrella organization for all sports bowlers in the country. In Belgium , which is partly German-speaking, the sport bowlers have come together to form the Royal Belgian Bowlers Association (KBKV). The world association is the Fédération Internationale des Quilleurs (FIQ).
bowling
Bowling is a special bowling sport that originated in the USA . Here, too, the throw is on cones (called pins), with the throw being more of a rolling.
In contrast to the other bowling sports, 10 pins are arranged in a triangle with one point pointing towards the player.
Here, too, there are a maximum of two litters to clear away . If all pins fall on the first throw, this is a strike ; if they fall on the second throw, this is a spare . In the case of a strike, the next two throws, and in the case of a spare, the next throw are added to the throwing result (10 points).
Unlike bowling, there are no other disciplines or games in popular sports.
The bowling ball (as the sports equipment incorrectly called bowling ball by laypeople is correctly called) has the same prescribed dimensions (see competition balls ) as do the pins and the lane. In contrast to the bowling ball, the bowling ball usually has three finger holes.
The World Bowling Association is the World Tenpin Bowling Association, the German Bowling Union is a member of the German Bowling Association. Bowling was a discipline at the World Games 2005 in Duisburg.
billiards
In billiards ( ˈbɪljaʁt ), billiard balls are played with the help of a cue and the white ball on a pool table . Two people or teams play against each other. Billiards is played in recordings . As long as a player scores, he can continue to play.
The white ball must be hit with the cue as precisely as possible so that it hits other balls in such a way that they create or avoid further collisions, hit one or more bands, stay in certain places or fall into (certain) pockets. There are several types of billiards. In restaurants, billiards is often used as a leisure activity.
Pool
Pool billiards is a variant of billiards and is played with a game ball ( the white one ) and a certain number of object balls ( the colored ones ). The cue ball is the only ball that can be played directly using the cue . Within pool there are numerous variants, of which 8-ball , 9-ball and 14 and 1 are the most important.
snooker
Snooker is a variant of billiards in which special cues are used on a snooker table. The principle of the game consists in sinking 15 red and six different colored balls ( the colored ones ) with the white ball into the pockets according to certain rules.
Collision
Carom is the umbrella term for a variant of billiards that is played with three balls. The balls are also called balls in technical jargon, they are colored red, white and yellow. Alternatively, one red and two white balls are used, one of which is marked with a dot. In contrast to pool or snooker , no balls are sunk into pockets, the table has no holes.
Cone billiards
When bowling billiards as many have with the game ball bowling to be knocked down. A smaller pool table measuring 180 cm × 90 cm is used as a game table . 5 cones are placed in the middle of the table. The game is played with 3 balls, regardless of the color, as each ball can be used as a bumper ball.
Russian billiards
Russian billiards is a variant of billiards that is more popular in Russia than any other variant of billiards, but is little known outside of Russia. The game is played on a table the size of a snooker table with 15 balls, which are 68 mm in diameter and are even larger than carom balls . To increase the level of difficulty, the pockets of the table are cut so that, with a width of 78 mm, there is only 5 mm of space on both sides of a ball to be sunk.
Sporting organization and competitions
Billiards has been a recognized Olympic sport since 1998 , but is not part of the Olympic program. The world umbrella organization for billiards, WCBS , is represented by the ARISF (Association of Recognized International Sports Federations) vis-à-vis the IOC in its efforts to get into the Olympic program . At the World Games 2001 in Akita and 2005 in Duisburg and at the Asian Games 2002 in Busan , billiards was part of the program.
Golf sports
All golf sports have in common that a golf ball is moved with a club through a course made up of several lanes, at each end of which there is a target. The number of strokes that are required until the hole is made is the basis for the rating in all golf sports.
At least in actual golf, swing golf and cross golf, the required concentration and body control does not differ significantly from other sports. The footballer also has to hit relatively precisely when shooting on goal or when passing in order to achieve the desired result. When baseball or other sports where a ball with a bat is to hit a high precision is also necessary. There is a precision component involved in putting.
While long distance strokes are necessary for golf and swing golf, lane or mini golf are purely precision sports.
golf
In golf , the goal is to break a ball (at least 42.67 mm in diameter, weight no more than 45.93 grams) with as few golf shots as possible from an area known as the tee , in accordance with the golf rules, into a 10.8 centimeter diameter and usually several To play a circular hole a hundred meters away . A golf course usually comprises 18 fairways, which can be over 7,000 meters long in total.
For each fairway (also called "hole") a so-called par is defined. This value stands for the number of strokes that a very good player (scratch golfer) needs to play the ball from the tee into the hole. When calculating par for a fairway, it is always assumed that two putts will be executed on the green.
A fairway consists of the tee, the fairway and the green in which the hole is located.
The amateur golf sport is organized in the International Golf Federation, which holds world championships.
Swing golf
While the classic golf sport was developed especially among the emerging English and Scottish bourgeoisie of the 19th century, swing golf originated in France. The basic idea is to simplify: there is only one racket, no embankments or excavations, natural conditions are used, pesticides and irrigation are dispensed with. Due to its material properties and size (hard rubber, 5 centimeters diameter, 50 g weight), the ball only flies half as far as a golf ball, so distance strokes are limited. This reduces the risk of injury and the required size of the facility to such an extent that this sport can even be practiced in spa parks. Swingolf is therefore often viewed as an entry-level variant of classic golf.
Swingolf is organized throughout Germany in the Swingolf Umbrella Association (SgDv), and at European level there is cooperation between national associations through which European championships are also organized.
Mini golf, lane golf
For the conceptual differentiation between mini golf and lane golf, see the corresponding articles.
Mini golf is played on 18 holes. They are 12 m long and 1.25 m wide, with the exception of the approx. 25 m long long-throw track. The runway is made of concrete and is delimited by flat iron or pipe bands; it may be entered when the ball is stationary. The aim is always to use the club to move the ball into the hole with as few strokes as possible. This is theoretically possible with a single stroke, an ace, on the paths of all standardized systems. The courses differ in their degree of difficulty due to different obstacles, but are similar in their order and type on all courses.
In contrast to golf, you usually only use one club. This is not unlike a putter, but has an up to 2 centimeter thick rubber impact rubber on the list side, in order to hold balls e.g. B. to be able to cut. In addition, the rubber compensates for the differences between the different balls when hitting (soft, "dead" balls would otherwise "stick" to the racket, while hard, fast balls would almost "jump" away by themselves) and allow more targeted play over long distances, because the impulse is better transferred to the ball. Long sweeps and strong hitting easily lead to the ball tearing and uncontrolled movement. At most, many players use a different club for the long shot (hole 7, concrete system). However, many professional players use a more inclined putter for miniature golf courses than for miniature golf courses because they are not allowed to be entered.
Club players in particular have a large number of balls with a wide variety of properties, top players (Bundesliga) around 100 to 300 balls. These differ in size, weight, hardness, surface, color and especially in the jumping height.
The size is between 37 and 43 mm in diameter and there are differences in the smoothness and behavior of the boards on the boards. The weight is between 30 and 150 grams. Impact strength and pulling behavior on sloping and undulating tracks, but also the smoothness of the run are variable with different weights. Worldwide mini-golf is organized in the World Minigolf Sport Federation (WMF), which u. a. World Championships.
Golf variants that are not tied to a system
- Cross golf
- Disc golf , frisbee golf
- Office golf
Croquet
Croquet or croquet or croquet (these spellings occur in German-language literature) is a sport in which the goal is to start around marked wooden balls with bats through goals (U-shaped bent wire hangers) in a given order and direction from a tee stick pushing a turning stick to a targeting stick. Whoever passes a goal or has kicked an opponent's ball off the side ("crooked") remains on the stroke. Whoever has passed the track first will be the winner. Roque, which is played on the hard court, must be distinguished from the grass game of crocket. Both games evolved from the Pall Mall, popular in the 16th and 17th centuries, in which the wooden balls were hit with the ball mallet. The precise hitting of certain parts of the balls with the racket is crucial for success. Croquet is also operated as a leisure variant, as a game of skill.
Croquet is organized worldwide in the World Croquet Federation and competitions are held. The sport was already an Olympic discipline in 1900, and the venerable All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club at Wimbledon also has the word croquet in its official name.
Paille Maille and the passing game (historical) are considered historical forerunners .
Casting
Casting is a sport of fishing. It describes long-range casting or target casting with baits (flies) or weights attached to the fishing line or fishing rod. Casting is organized in the International Casting Sport Federation - ICSF and was a discipline at the World Games .
Games of skill
Shuffleboard
In shuffleboard [ ˈʃʌflˌbɔːrd ] two players play against each other. With the help of a cue, a kind of "slider", you have to play a certain number of discs (round discs) on the opposite side of a rectangular playing field so that your own discs remain on the highest possible point fields . Shuffleboard is particularly popular as a leisure activity in many hotel complexes in southern holiday areas and on cruise ships and has therefore also become known in German-speaking countries.
Marble game
Marbles , which are also about putting balls in holes, can be classified as a game of skill, especially when they are crouched on uneven ground. Competitions and even world and European championships are held here too.
Flag hunting, tent pegging
In Braunschweig, (. Eg in Schapenberg ) is the flag hunting home. Riding on a horse, attempts are made to hit a small ring with a lance. In the rest of northern Germany and southern Denmark this is known as ring riding or ring stitching. A similar sport is tent pegging .
Games of skill on immobile and moving targets
- Kubb (skill game in which throwing sticks are thrown at wooden sticks )
- Mölkky (game of skill, in which throwing sticks are thrown at wooden sticks )
- Jeu de palets ( galoche bigoudène )
- Bootschen
- Horseshoe Pitching; in North America
- Tagus river
- Quoits (a class of throwing ring games)
- Ladder golf (two balls connected by a rope are thrown on three rungs of different values; known in English-speaking countries as ladder toss )
- Pit-Pat (mix of mini golf and billiards played on tables)
The games mentioned are, however, more games of skill than precision sports.
Overview
| sport | Tools | Rated device | Aims) | Associations | Competitions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Billiards Cone Billiards Carom Pool Snooker |
queue |
Ball ball sphere ball |
Cones / balls balls / gang balls / bags balls / bags |
World Confedarition of Billiard Sports | World Games |
| Boccia | - | Bullet | Target ball Palino |
Confederazione Boccistica Internationale | Mediterranean Games |
|
Boule Lyonnaise team game Tir progessif Tir de précision |
- | Bullet | Target ball | Fédération Internationale de Boules (FIB) |
World Games Mediterranean Games |
| bowling | - | ball | 10 pins | World Tenpin Bowling Association | World Games |
| Bowls | - | Bullet |
Jack Kitty target ball |
World Bowls Ltd | Commonwealth Games |
| Casting | - | fishing rod | Water basin, cloth disc Skish |
International Casting Sport Federation - ICSF | World Games |
| Croquet | bat | Bullet | Gates | World Croquet Federation | 1900 Olympics World Championships |
| Curling | broom | stone | Marking with rings for orientation |
World Curling Federation | Olympic games |
| darts | without | Darts (arrows) | Target divided by circles and diagonals |
World Darts Federation Professional Darts Corporation British Darts Organization German Sports Machine Association German Darts Association |
League World Cup World Darts Championship Premier League Darts |
|
Gateball team game |
bat | Bullet | Gates | World Gateball Union | World championships |
| golf | Golf clubs | Golf ball | hole | International Golf Federation | World championships |
| Jakkolo | - | Wooden disc | Gates | DJB (German Jakkolo Bund) | Country tournaments World championships |
| Jeu Provençal | - | Bullet | Target ball | Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal | French championship |
| Bowling | - | Bullet | 9 cones | Fédération Internationale des Quilleurs (FIQ) | World Games |
| Mini golf | Mini golf clubs | Mini golf ball | hole | World Mini Golf Sports Federation | World championships |
|
Pétanque team game Tir de précision |
- | Target ball | Bullet |
Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal Confédération Européenne de Pétanque German Pétanque Association |
World Games Mediterranean Games World Championship European Championship EuroCup |
|
Shooting sports |
Bow crossbow rifle shotgun pistol revolver |
Bullet Shot Diabolo Bolt Arrow |
|
Deutscher Schützenbund Association of Military and Police Shooters German Shooting Union Association of German Sport Shooters |
Olympic Games World Games |
| Shuffleboard | Cue | Disks | triangular field with point fields |
International Shuffleboard Association | World championships |
|
Stick shooting target competition team competition |
- | floor |
three "targets" stave |
International Federation Icestocksport |
European championships demonstration competition Olympic Games |
literature
- The visual lexicon of sport . Hildesheim 2005, original edition: Sports; The Complete Visual Reference . Montreal 2006
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Quote from article on the DPV website .
- ↑ cf. Boccia rules on www.boccia-bund.de: Rules on the website of the Boccia Bund Germany
Source: DPV website GFDL approval: Ticket #: 2006111710003577