Praterstrasse

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The Praterstrasse at Nestroyplatz; on the left side of the street: No. 33, Alliiertenhof
The Praterstrasse in the direction of Praterstern

The approx. 1 km long Praterstraße (before 1862 Jägerzeile ) in the 2nd district of Vienna , Leopoldstadt , connects the old town from the Schwedenbrücke over the Danube Canal and the Taborstraße with the Praterstern , one of the largest traffic hubs in the city, and the Vienna Prater . The street continues beyond the Praterstern in Lassallestrasse , the Reichsbrücke over the Danube and Wagramer Strasse (22nd district) and leads to Marchfeld , northeast Lower Austria and South Moravia .

The suburbs in the 2nd district were incorporated in 1850. The street has been officially named since 1862 (but previously, for example, on the city map from 1856) after the Vienna Prater , which connects to the Praterstern. Previously, like the suburb to the south, it was called Jägerzeile. The full length of the U1 underground line has been running under Praterstrasse since 1981 and serves Nestroyplatz (since 1979) about halfway between Schwedenplatz and Praterstern . In addition to Taborstraße, Praterstraße is one of the main streets in the 2nd district and the districts closest to the center.

history

Wall relief on the house at Rotensterngasse 37

The name Prater (pratum) was first found in a document that Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa issued in Bologna in 1162 . The document certifies a donation from Auwiesen near Vienna . 1537, Emperor Ferdinand I as Archduke of Austria below the Enns create its main avenue and landlord in the Prater.

Hunter line

The name Jägerzeile was used after 1569 for the road that connected a settlement of the Habsburg hunting overseers and woodworkers in the Danube floodplains to the northwest of what later became the Praterstern with the city. Later, as the landlord, the imperial court provided building land directly south of the road; Since 1660, this settlement and the vast forest and meadow areas surrounding it have been called Jägerzeile like the street. The suburb of Leopoldstadt bordered north of the street and from Czerningasse into town. The coat of arms of the Jägerzeile now forms part of the Leopoldstadt district coat of arms.

In 1683 the Ottomans devastated Leopoldstadt during the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna . In 1734 the wooden chapel in the Jägerzeile was destroyed in a storm, but the miraculous image remained intact. Emperor Charles VI. As the landlord, he gave permission to build a stone chapel, which was consecrated to St. Nepomuk in 1736 . When Joseph II made the Prater, which had previously been reserved for his family, generally accessible in 1766 and allowed restaurants and entertainment venues on the site, the frequency of traffic in the Jägerzeile increased considerably. The area, which had been cordoned off at night until then, was accessible day and night in 1775. In 1781 the Leopoldstadt Theater (see Buildings, No. 31) was opened on Jägerzeile .

In 1809 Napoleon I's troops looted the Jägerzeile. After the final victory over the Emperor of France in the coalition wars, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, King Friedrich Wilhelm III , moved on September 25, 1814 . of Prussia and Emperor Franz I , who had welcomed them to the Congress of Vienna on the Tabor Line (see Taborstrasse No. 80) with a large entourage , through the Jägerzeile into the city (see Buildings, No. 33). Three weeks later the emperor held a big celebration in the Prater to open the congress; His guests were approached via the Jägerzeile.

In 1824 Ferdinand Raimund's magic posse “ The Barometer Maker on the Magic Island ” had its world premiere in the Leopoldstadt Theater. In 1838, rail traffic on the Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn was started from the north station at Praterstern. The first train station in Vienna developed over the decades to be the most frequented station in the monarchy and caused a lot of traffic on Praterstrasse.

In 1846, as the old Nepomuk Church (see buildings, no. 41) had proven to be too small for the rapidly growing suburb, the new Johann Nepomuk Church (see buildings, at no. 45) was opened on another property. Its high, pointed tower with a large clock has shaped the silhouette of the house front significantly since then. On October 28, 1848, heavy fighting broke out in the Jägerzeile as in the Prater between the defenders of the 1848 revolution and the reactionary imperial troops commanded by Prince Alfred I zu Windisch-Graetz and Count Joseph Jelačić von Bužim , the barricades at the Praterstern and at stormed the Nepomuk Church. This “ October Uprising in Vienna ” resulted in many civilian deaths and extensive property damage.

In 1850, after Franz Joseph I. had issued a provisional municipal code for the monarchy in 1849, numerous suburbs were incorporated into Vienna, including Leopoldstadt and Jägerzeile, which formed the core of the new 2nd district; he was also called Leopoldstadt.

Praterstrasse

In 1862 the street name Jägerzeile was officially changed to Praterstrasse; the new name was already in use before, e.g. B. on a city map from 1856.

In 1866/1867 the later “waltz king” Johann Strauss wrote the Danube Waltz on Praterstrasse (see Buildings, no. 54). In 1868 the horse tramway through Praterstrasse was opened and operated here until 1901; Coming from Franz-Josephs-Quai and from the Aspern Bridge (opened in 1864) over the Danube Canal, the route led through the short Aspernbrückengasse into Praterstrasse and on this to Praterstern and on to the river baths on the Danube. For decades the tram ran sideways here, ie near the north-facing house front, in the middle of the street after the renovation of the Praterstern in the 1950s. In 1873 the Vienna World Exhibition took place in the Prater, which has been followed by countless trade fairs and exhibitions to this day; the Praterstrasse was the most important feeder road. In 1876 the Kronprinz-Rudolf-Brücke was opened; the Praterstrasse was now also part of a long-distance connection to Moravia and Galicia .

In 1886, the striking Tegetthoff monument was unveiled as a visual end to Praterstrasse (architecture: Karl von Hasenauer , sculpture: Carl Kundmann ). It is reminiscent of the victorious Austrian admiral and formed the center of the Praterstern until the early 1950s. The trams circled the monument.

At the turn of the century, two projects were presented which provided for continuing Praterstrasse in a straight line across the Danube Canal and leading across the old town in the 1st district to St. Stephen's Cathedral: in 1895 by Alfred Riehl, in 1912/1913 by Adolf Loos with Paul Engelmann . At Loos, this project would have been part of an overall renovation of the old town including the ring road zone. Loos claimed that the idea of ​​expanding the visual axis from the Praterstern to the cathedral into a traffic axis came from Empress Maria Theresia ; There was no evidence of this.

On July 22, 1928, a huge pageant of the 10th German Singers' Association moved from the town hall and the ring through the Praterstrasse to the Prater. Around 150,000 people are said to have participated in the parade. On May 1, 1929, the Carltheater (see buildings, no. 31) closed permanently. (Badly damaged in the bombing war of 1944, it was demolished in 1951.) From July 19 to 26, 1931, the II. Workers' Olympics in the recently completed Prater Stadium led to heavy traffic in Praterstrasse.

In May 1938, the Vienna City Planning Office, under the leadership of the National Socialists, proposed to close the Ringstrasse straight through Leopoldstadt into a complete ring. Aspernbrückengasse would have become part of this ring extension, the most central part of Praterstrasse, from Schwedenbrücke to Aspernbrückengasse, would have been eliminated. The idea behind the project was to demolish the entire city quarter, which is heavily inhabited by Jewish Viennese, and to rebuild it with a modified road network. The Second World War, which began in 1939, postponed such considerations until after the "final victory".

In 1970 the Prater Bridge over the Danube and the Prater Hochstraße were completed. This new connection, which runs parallel to the Praterstrasse – Lassallestrasse road, later part of the “Südosttangente” urban motorway, partially relieves the Praterstrasse from through traffic between the districts on the left of the Danube and on the right of the Danube Canal.

Subway construction site, 1977

The U1 subway line , which came from the city center in 1979, reached Nestroyplatz on Praterstraße, was extended to Praterstern in 1981. That was the end of more than 110 years of rail traffic on Praterstrasse. After the completion of the subway construction under the street, it was largely run with four lanes, mostly equipped with a raised median and made into an avenue. The part of the street between Taborstrasse and Aspernbrückengasse was now only passable as a one-way street for residents; all through traffic was directed to the ring via Aspernbrückengasse.

In September 2015, the Greens Leopoldstadt expressed their wish to renovate Praterstrasse in order to turn it into a "boulevard". A study was commissioned for this purpose, which came to the conclusion that a reduction from three or sometimes four lanes to one lane in each direction of travel would be possible in favor of pedestrians and cyclists. In March 2019, a citizen participation process started, in which residents as well as business people in the immediate vicinity could make suggestions for redesign. In the spring of 2020, a lane out of town was closed to other traffic as a so-called pop-up cycle path . Birgit Hebein , the city councilor responsible, made the decision .

buildings

The buildings with odd numbers are on the northwestern, left-hand side of the street when viewed from the city center, those with even numbers are on the southeastern, right-hand side of the street. The numbering ranges from No. 1, corner of Taborstraße, to No. 67, corner of Heinestraße, to the right of No. 8, corner of Untere Donaustraße, to No. 78, corner of Franzensbrückenstraße.

  • No. 1, 3, 5, 7 : Uniqa hotel and business building (Hotel Sofitel and Stilwerk, architect: Jean Nouvel , address: Taborstrasse 2–6), opened in 2010. In 1770, the hostel “Zum golden Lamm” existed here at No. 7 ". Otto von Bismarck was a repeated guest at the Hotel Continental (200 rooms, hall for 600 people, coffee house), which was built here for the Vienna World Exhibition in 1873 and which existed until 1945 . 1958–1961 the headquarters of the federal state insurance, later part of the Uniqa Group, was built here with a new type of curtain facade at that time in Vienna. The building was demolished after 2004.
  • No. 8 : State Chancellor Karl Renner , later the first Federal President of the Second Republic, and his wife Luise Renner , later co-founder of Volkshilfe, lived in the previous building from 1918 to 1934. This is where the Arbeiterbank AG (today Bawag) founded by Renner in 1922 had its first seat.
  • No. 9 : The corner building (Ident Adresse Große Mohrengasse 2) with the tower-like accentuation of the narrow front and a console-supported attic floor was designed by Jakob Reitzer in 1912.
  • No. 11, 13, 15 : “Lloyd-Hof” (Ident addresses Große Mohrengasse 4, 6, 8). This elongated apartment building complex by Viktor Rumpelmayer from the years 1874–1876 has a monumental facade in the neo-renaissance style, the central projection (No. 13) with its caryatid-supported large column arrangement contains a former glass-roofed shopping arcade (no longer open to the public).
  • No. 16 : In this house dating back to 1825 (then Leopoldstadt 525), the poet Arthur Schnitzler († 1931) was born in 1862 as the first son of the laryngologist Johann Schnitzler and his wife Luise.
  • No. 17 : Palais Bellegarde
  • No. 19 : “Zum Jonas”, built in 1809, increased in size in 1844 and 1862. In front of it the monument for Johann Nestroy created by Oskar Thiede .
  • No. 23 : The Wenckheim Palace was built for Countess Anna Wenckheim from 1826, later divided into rental apartments and business premises. The building, which has been a listed building since 1963, was completely renovated by 1990. From 2002 to 2010 it was the seat of the Financial Market Authority .
  • No. 25 : “ Fürstenhof ”, a late historic house with a stately facade, built in 1913 by Rudolf Perco for the Georg Spielmann architectural office (who was also a co-owner). The “Rolandbühne” was located here in the 1920s, the Löwinger stage was a guest here in 1948/1949, and later the “Dianakino” existed until 1968. In the 1950s and 1960s, the federal secretariat of the Association of Socialist Middle School Students , to which well-known Social Democrats such as Peter Kreisky , Eva Kreisky and Ferdinand Lacina belonged , was located here on the first floor .
  • No. 27 : Built in 1799, the “Zum green Jäger” inn, with five historical putti reliefs above the ground floor windows and doors. Josef Lanner made music here, actors from the neighboring theater frequented here.
  • No. 31 : The Leopoldstädter Theater stood here from 1781–1847 and the house named Carltheater after its owner from 1847–1944 . Carl Carl had previously been director since 1838. Here, among others, Raimund appeared as an actor and playwright, Therese Krones and Charlotte Wolter as celebrated actresses and Nestroy , who served the house as an actor, playwright and 1854–1860 after Carl's death as director. In 1929 the theater, which last had space for 1,121 spectators, was closed after an eventful success story. Badly damaged in the bombing war of 1944, the ruins of the Carltheater were torn down in 1951 and replaced by the Galaxy Tower from 1974–1978 .
  • At No. 32 : junction with Tempelgasse; The Great or Leopoldstadt Temple, designed by Ludwig Förster and with 2000 seats, stood on this from 1858–1938 ; it was destroyed in 1938 during the “ Reichskristallnacht ”.
  • No. 33 : The "Alliiertenhof", built in 1896/1897, commemorates the three allied rulers who marched through the Jägerzeile to the Congress of Vienna in 1814 with a medallion on the 1st floor (see above). Before that, the “Zur Weintraube” inn stood here, where Therese Krones died in 1830 .
  • No. 34 (= Nestroyplatz 1 / Tempelgasse 1 / Czerningasse 2): At the junction of Czerningasse, in which Viktor Frankl was born in 1905 , and Tempelgasse were, exactly opposite the Leopoldstädter or Carltheater (see No. 31), in the In 1898, after plans by Oskar Marmorek, Nestroyhof built the “Jewish Artist Games” and the “Reklame” theater before 1938. Today the Nestroyhof / Hamakom theater is located in the Nestroyhof. The previous building was the “Wällische Bierhaus”, in which in 1819 Johann Strauss (father) performed in public as a 15-year-old violinist with Josef Lanner (wällisch, outdated form of welsch ).
  • No. 38 : Palais Rohan, originally the residence of the noble Rohan family from France ; Rittmeister Prince Arthur Rohan was last entered at this address in Lehmann's General Housing Gazette in 1872.
  • No. 40 : The late secessionist apartment building Zum Grünen Pfau was built in 1911 by Arnold Hatschek and Karl Gärber .
  • No. 41 : Location of the old Nepomuk Church, built in 1780 and demolished in 1851.
  • At No. 45 : Johann Nepomuk Church , built 1841–1846. The free-standing church is located between Nepomukgasse and Rotensterngasse (there exit to the Nestroyplatz underground station.)
  • No. 48 : The late Secessionist, strictly tiled tiled facade with medallions on the upper floor is an early work by Gottlieb Michal .
  • No. 54 : Johann Strauss (son) lived in this house with his wife Henriette Treffz-Chalupetzky and composed the famous “ Danube Waltz ” here in 1866/1867 . It was listed in Lehmann's General Wiener Wohnungs-Anzeiger in 1859 and 1861 with the address 2., Taborstraße , old No. 314, and then in 1864 and 1865 with the address 1., Weihburggasse 4. At Praterstraße 54, it appeared in 1872, for 1881 his palace, 4th, Igelgasse 4 (today Johann-Strauss-Gasse) is recorded. The Johann Strauss apartment has been accessible as a branch of the Vienna Museum since the 1970s .
  • No. 58 : Geitler-Hofenedersches Stiftungshaus, built in 1838.
  • No. 59 : Between the houses No. 57 and 59, Tethysgasse , which is only 11 meters long, leads to Eduard Suess' last house in Afrikanergasse 9.
  • No. 61 : Gräflich Stubenbergsches Haus, built in 1825.
  • No. 66 : The actress and singer Fritzi Massary, who was celebrated in Berlin before the Nazi era, lived here . Sir Rudolf Bing was born here on January 9, 1902 .
  • No. 67 : Here, on the corner of Heinestrasse (according to information from the current operator: from 1933 to 1972), there was a wine house with the name Eminger, which the café-restaurant opposite also ran at no. 78 in the corner building on Franzensbrückenstrasse . Today the wine house bears the inscription Hansy . When the tram was still on its side on Praterstrasse, the stop at the Praterstern was right in front of the Eminger wine house.
  • No. 70 : The " Dogenhof ", on the corner of Mayergasse, was built in the Venetian style in 1898 "in honor of the beautiful city of Venice " (plaque in the house entrance). The lion of St. Mark decorates the coffeehouse entrance .

gallery

  • No. 1-7, Hotel Sofitel; left of it: Taborstraße , right: Praterstraße

  • No. 11, 13, 15, Lloyd-Hof

  • Junction of Zirkusgasse: left No. 17, Palais Bellegarde, right No. 19, Zum Jonas, in front of it the Nestroy statue

  • No. 23, Wenckheim Palace

  • No. 25, Fürstenhof , to the right of it No. 27, To the green hunter

  • No. 33, Alliiertenhof; left of it: confluence with Weintraubengasse

  • No. 34, Nestroy-Hof, left of it: Czerningasse, right: Tempelgasse

  • No. 38, Palais Rohan

  • No. 40, To the green peacock

  • # 48

  • No. 54, Johann Strauss House

  • No. 58, Geitler-Hofenedersches Stiftungshaus

  • No. 60, former location of the "small theater"

  • No. 61, Gräflich Stubenbergsches Haus

  • No. 70, Dogenhof , corner of Mayergasse

Public transport

Tram traffic in Praterstrasse, 1971

The importance of Praterstrasse can be seen, among other things, in the effects of the development of the public transport network in Vienna. After the horse-drawn tram line from Schottentor am Ring via Alser Straße to Hernals , which was put into operation in 1865/1866 , the private Viennese tramway company added the second route from Schottentor via the Ring and Aspernbrückengasse to Praterstraße on June 30, 1868 the Praterstern and through Lassallestrasse to the Reichsbrücke and the river baths there.

The route from the Aspernbrücke via Praterstrasse to Praterstern was converted to electrical operation on November 23, 1901 by the construction and operating company for urban trams established by Siemens & Halske in 1899 . In 1902/1903 the municipality of Vienna - urban trams , a municipal service office, took over the operation (later as Wiener Stadtwerke - Verkehrsbetriebe , today under private law, still owned by the city administration, run as Wiener Linien ).

With the route numbering introduced in 1907, the route in Praterstrasse was given the numbers 21 (continued: Exhibition Street) and 22 (continued: Lassallestrasse ). Lines A, Ak, B and Bk operated on the route from 1907–1981. They drove on the Ring and Franz-Josefs-Kai "ring-round" and then drove through Praterstraße to Reichsbrücke and Elderschplatz on exhibition street. The lines with the additional letter k first ran on the quay, then on the ring. Other tram lines ran on Praterstrasse at times, e.g. B. 1956–1981, depending on the frequency, the extensions of line 25 (Praterstern– Kagran ) as 25r and 25k via Ring and Kai. The regular service in the Praterstrasse was stopped on February 28, 1981; the last only provisional tracks on the underground construction site were removed.

A route from the city center under Praterstrasse to Praterstern was envisaged from the outset when planning the Vienna subway . As the third section of the U1 line , the route from Stephansplatz , the city center, to Nestroyplatz on Praterstrasse was put into operation on November 24, 1979 . As the fourth section of the U1, the tunnel from Nestroyplatz to Praterstern station was put into operation on February 28, 1981 .

Quotes

... and immediately turn right towards the Jägerzeile, which leads to the Prater; The whole beautiful, extremely wide street is covered with a black stream of people […] In the middle of this stream of people, like ships in drift ice, the carts go, mostly slowly, often stopped […] the mostly magnificent houses of this street are on both sides calmly up out of the throng of pushing people, and their windows and balconies are filled with innumerable spectators [...] One would think that the whole city became foolish at three-a-quarter to four o'clock and is now walking down this street with its obsession [...] There through the dust up from the opening of the street, the tall trees of the Prater can already be seen, to which we all flow as if eternal salvation was being distributed there.

Adalbert Stifter : Der Prater , in: Wien und die Wiener, in Bilder aus dem Leben , Vienna 1841–1844, quoted from Otto Erich Deutsch (ed.): From the old Vienna. Twelve stories by Adalbert Stifter , insel taschenbuch 959, Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1986, ISBN 3-458-32659-6 , p. 64 ff.

Grandfather lived in the Hotel Austria on Praterstrasse, sometimes he brought his grandmother with him, who never got up from her sofa at home in Rustschuk [...] I didn't really like coming into the hotel, it was dark there and smelled musty, and by at home in the Prater it was light and airy. [...]

From Elias Canetti : The Saved Tongue. History of a youth , Hanser, Munich / Vienna 1977, quoted from Ruth Beckermann (see literature), p. 58 f. Canetti lived as a schoolboy with his mother and brothers in the Pratercottage .

[…] The street has a large, radiant artistic center: the Leopoldstadt, later Carl-Theater. [...] Jacques Offenbach [...] finds his permanent Viennese quarters in the hotel "Goldenes Lamm" [...] Offenbach makes the operetta at home on Praterstrasse [...]

From Peter Herz : Ent Zaubererte Praterstraße , in: Zeitschrift Illustrierte Neue Welt , 33rd vol., No. 1, Vienna 1979, quoted from Ruth Beckermann (see literature), p. 82 f.

literature

  • Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna. in six volumes, especially: Volume 4, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-218-00546-9 , pp. 595f.
  • Felix Czeike : Viennese district culture guide. II. Leopoldstadt. Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1980, ISBN 3-7141-0488-7 , pp. 41–47.
  • Josef König (Ed.): District Museum Leopoldstadt. Association for the History of the City of Vienna, Vienna 2007. (= Wiener Geschichtsblätter. Supplement 4/2007)
  • Ruth Beckermann (Ed.): The Mazzesinsel. Jews in Vienna's Leopoldstadt 1918–1938. Löcker, Vienna / Munich 1984, ISBN 3-85409-068-4
  • Walter Krobot, Josef Otto Slezak, Hans Sternhart: Tram in Vienna - the day before yesterday and the day after tomorrow , Verlag Josef Otto Slezak, Vienna 1972, ISBN 3-900134-00-6
  • Helmut Portele: Collection " Wiener Tramwaymuseum ". Vehicle preservation, documentation and operating museum, self-published by the Wiener Tramwaymuseum (WTM) collection, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-200-01562-3

Web links

Commons : Praterstraße  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Certificate No. 373 in: Heinrich Appelt with the participation of Rainer Maria Herkenrath and Walter Koch (eds.): Diplomata 23: The documents of Friedrich I. Part 2: 1158–1167. Hannover 1979, p. 236 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  2. ^ Wolfgang Kos, Christian Rapp : Alt-Wien. The city that never was (catalog of the exhibition of the same name at the Wien Museum 2004/2005), Czernin-Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7076-0193-5 , p. 184 f.
  3. ^ Wolfgang Kos, Christian Rapp: Alt-Wien. The city that never was (catalog of the exhibition of the same name at the Wien Museum 2004/2005), Czernin-Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7076-0193-5 , p. 533 f.
  4. ^ Boulevard Praterstrasse. Retrieved May 28, 2019 .
  5. ^ Ulrich Leth: Study of traffic calming on Praterstrasse . Vienna ( gruene.at [PDF]).
  6. ↑ a b c Friedrich Achleitner : Austrian Architecture in the 20th Century, Volume III / 1, Residenz Verlag, Salzburg and Vienna, 1990, pp. 97/98
  7. ↑ Compare Joseph Schlessinger: Der Cataster… der KK Imperial Capital and Residence City, Vienna, 1875, p 310ff
  8. ↑ Ursula Prokop: Rudolf Perco, 1884-1942. Böhlau Verlag Wien, 2001, ISBN 978-3-205-99304-9 , p. 378 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  9. ↑ Ruth Beckermann (Ed.): The Mazzesinsel. Jews in Vienna's Leopoldstadt 1918–1938. Löcker, Vienna / Munich 1984, ISBN 3-85409-068-4 , p. 85
  10. ^ Hamakom website
  11. ^ Website of the Vienna Museum, section Strauss apartment