Source (mail order)
| Quelle GmbH
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| legal form | GmbH |
| founding | October 26, 1927 (founded in 2013) |
| resolution | October 19, 2009 |
| Reason for dissolution | insolvency |
| Seat |
Fuerth , Germany
|
| management |
|
| Number of employees | 3385 (2007/2008) |
| sales | 2.45 billion euros (2007/2008) |
| Branch | Mail order |
| Website | www.quelle.de |
The Quelle GmbH (name from 2006) is since 2 May 2013 in Burgkunstadt resident independent mail order and a subsidiary of the Otto Group .
Quelle was previously a German family company . In 1999 Quelle merged as Quelle Schickedanz AG & Co. with the Karstadt department store group . In connection with the insolvency of Arcandor ( KarstadtQuelle AG until 2007 ), the mail order company Quelle was dissolved and parts of it were sold. From 2011 to 2013 there was a Quelle GmbH based in Hamburg . The “Quelle” brand has since acted again as a universal mail order company and is now owned by Baur Versand (which is part of the Otto Group ).
history
1927–1932: Foundation and first years
The company was founded on October 26, 1927 by Gustav Schickedanz (1895–1977) in Fürth . His wife Anna Schickedanz also worked in the company management. On July 13, 1929, she and her son Leo (5) and Gustav Schickedanz's father Leo Schickedanz (72) died in a car accident. Gustav Schickedanz was seriously injured, the daughter Louise (4) was uninjured.
_historisch_logo.svg&filetimestamp=20091025105409&){kind=logo}
1933–1945: National Socialism and Aryanization Profits
In November 1932, Schickedanz joined the NSDAP . In 1935 he became a councilor in his hometown of Fürth. In 1935, Schickedanz took over the rights to the Tempo brand , the United Paper Works in Nuremberg , the Geismann brewery and other companies below value from their former Jewish owners, which he was able to do in the course of the so-called Aryanization due to his NSDAP membership. In 1938, the Quelle mail order company had two million regular customers and in 1939 it achieved a turnover of 40 million Reichsmarks . In June 1942 Gustav Schickedanz married Grete Lachner (1911–1994), who had already been employed by Schickedanz's first wife Anna as an apprentice girl at Quelle in 1927 at the age of 15. Grete Schickedanz gave birth to her daughter Madeleine on her 32nd birthday, October 20, 1943, in the air raid shelter of the Nuremberg Women's Clinic .
In 1943 the warehouse of the Fürth company was destroyed by Allied bombing and the mail order business was discontinued.
1945–1974: professional ban, denazification process and new beginning
In 1945 Gustav Schickedanz was banned from practicing his profession by the Allies, his property was confiscated and he was sentenced to imprisonment with forced labor, from which he was released in 1948. Schickedanz's sister Liesl Kießling took over the fiduciary administration of the Quelle company. His wife Grete Schickedanz opened the first Quelle post-war textile outlet in Hersbruck as early as 1946. The turnover was around 315,000 marks. Starting in 1948, Quelle's mail order business was rebuilt. Gustav Schickedanz was classified in the denazification process by the main court in Nuremberg in March 1949 only as a "fellow traveler". The indictment said that of his assets at the time of 9.3 million DM over 7 million came from Jewish property. It is true that Schickedanz had in particular assigned lots of land to his wife and daughter between 1943 and 1945, including the formerly Jewish Camelia works (formerly owned by the brothers Emil and Oskar Rosenfelder ) in Heroldsberg and the Ignaz Mayer textile factory in Fürth, But the “excellent relations” of Schickedanz with the local National Socialist Gau leadership remained demonstrable. Schickedanz was acquitted as early as 1949, in particular due to economic considerations.
Gustav Schickedanz was formally rehabilitated in 1949 and regained power of attorney over his company. Grete Schickedanz became a general agent and member of the group advisory board. Honored in 1952 by the city of Fürth, Gustav Schickedanz became an honorary citizen of Fürth in 1959. In 1961 he was awarded the Bavarian Order of Merit. In 1954 Quelle had sales of 260 million marks; after numerous other companies were incorporated into the group, sales in 1972 were five billion marks. Two years later, sales were already 6.4 billion marks with 36,000 employees.
1975–2009: From founding the holding company to bankruptcy
At the beginning of 1975, Grete Schickedanz joined the newly formed Gustav und Grete Schickedanz Holding KG as a personally liable partner . She was committed to social improvements in her company. The construction of a home for the elderly and a kindergarten in Fürth go back to her initiative. In addition, it implemented a progressive old-age pension scheme for Quelle employees, which was only enshrined in law years later. For her achievements, Grete Schickedanz was awarded, among other things, the Great Federal Cross of Merit (1976) with a star (1981) and shoulder ribbon (1991), the Bavarian Order of Merit (1979), the honorary senator of the University of Tübingen (1978), the title of professor of the Republic of Austria (1981) , the Golden Citizen Medal of Fürth (1978) and the honorary citizenship of Fürth (1981) and Hersbruck (1981).
After Gustav Schickedanz's death on March 27, 1977, his widow took over the management of the Quelle mail order company. In the spring of 1983, Grete Schickedanz resigned from her management and supervisory positions. The entrepreneurial interests of her daughter Madeleine Schickedanz were subsequently taken over by her first husband, Hans-Georg Mangold, whom she married in 1965, and later by her second husband, Wolfgang Bühler, who worked in the company management until the divorce in 1997. The husband of daughter Louise, Hans Dedi, was also on the company's management from 1977 to 1989 . In 1999 Quelle was converted into a stock corporation (Quelle Schickedanz AG & Co.) and merged with the department store group Karstadt AG to form KarstadtQuelle AG , and from 2007 Arcandor AG .
According to the Arcandor Group, Quelle AG became Quelle GmbH on January 1, 2006 . Konrad Hilbers led the company as chairman of the management board, assisted by the second managing director Wolfgang Binder. Quelle was the largest company in the Arcandor mail order group Primondo, which has bundled all mail order activities of the group since March 2007.
On June 9, 2009, Quelle GmbH Germany filed for insolvency; on November 16, 2009, the largest foreign subsidiary, Quelle AG Austria , filed for bankruptcy. The name rights to Quelle were bought in November 2009 by a competitor, the Otto Group.
2011–2013: New attempt in online trading
In August 2011, an online marketplace was set up at the web address www.quelle.de where retailers could offer their goods. Due to a lack of success, the online marketplace was closed on May 1, 2013. Www.quelle.de has been a universal mail order company since May 2, 2013.
Locations and sales channels
The Quelle company was largely located in Fürth and Nuremberg ( Bavaria ) as well as Leipzig ( Saxony ) and employed around 8,000 people across Europe. These included the employees of the domestic subsidiaries (e.g. Profectis , Foto Quelle , SB-Gross Handels-GmbH) as well as the subsidiaries abroad (Estonia, Greece, Italy, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Austria, Romania, Russia, Switzerland , Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine and Hungary).
Much of the shipping business was so-called volume orders handled. Quelle gave discounts when multiple customers or families teamed up for the shipping order. From this a special sales channel developed, strongly promoted by the company, which eventually led to small, privately run shops. Selling on credit was also very important . Small loans were granted by the affiliated bank (initially Noris Kaufhilfe , later Norisbank or Noris Konserbank GmbH ) without any major formalities and securities.
Quelle had 18 national companies (including Germany). Three subsidiaries (Profectis, Foto Quelle and SB-Gross Handels-GmbH) supported the core business.
Quelle was one of the largest customers of Deutsche Post because it did not have its own delivery company for parcels (in contrast to Hermes from the mail order company Otto ). Large items that could not be sent by post were brought to customers by freight forwarders . Quelle saw itself as a multi-channel company with the sales channels e-commerce, catalog, shops, mobile phones and the teleshopping channel HSE24 .
The Quelle mail order and department store in Nuremberg on Fürther Strasse has been a listed building for many years. The last day of sale was the fourth Saturday in Advent (December 19, 2009) in 2009. Before that, the insolvency administrator tried to sell the remaining goods worth 50 million euros to third parties. The last employees were given notice on February 28, 2010. Most of the building has been vacant since 2009, and until 2015 only just under 30,000 m² were let as temporary use for a school and artist studios. The building has been completely unlet since 2017 and is cordoned off with a 2 km long site fence. The building was sold to the Portuguese shopping center operator Sonae Sierra in a foreclosure auction in 2015 for EUR 16.8 million. With 250,000 m², the building is the second largest vacant property in Germany after Berlin-Tempelhof Airport . In June 2018 Sonae Sierra sold the building to the Düsseldorf real estate developer Gerchgroup. All previous plans to revitalize the vacant building have so far failed either because of the financing or because of the monument protection. According to initial information, the Gerchgroup intends to convert the building mainly for residential and commercial use. The area's former boiler house is to be excluded from the development and will remain in use by the Quelle artist collective.
Retail stores
The Quelle partner branches, formerly known as "Quelle agencies", were particularly well known. Their number has been reduced from 6000 to 1600 since 2004 (as of 06/2009). They were legally independent shops on a commission basis.
Department stores
Until the 1980s, Quelle was one of the five large German department store chains at the time . Locations were u. a. Fürth, Nuremberg, Berlin ( Wilmersdorfer Strasse and Karl-Marx-Strasse ), Hamburg (Elbe shopping center) and Bielefeld. Some of the stores were continued by Hertie Waren- und Kaufhaus GmbH from the beginning of the 1990s . In addition, technology stores ("Quelle Technorama") were developed in around 120 cities, which later also took over parts of closed department stores. The full range of products could be ordered from the catalogs in department stores and technology stores and the goods could then be picked up free of charge (order acceptance) . There were special shops (“Quelle Fundgrube”) for the sale of defective and / or exchangeable goods from the mail order business.
Catalogs
The Quelle main catalog had a circulation of around eight million copies in the autumn / winter season 2009 and cost 20 million euros to produce. In addition, Quelle Germany published over 20 special catalogs.
- Photo source (Revue) : once, according to self-promotion, the "largest photo house in the world"
- Live healthier with medical and care products
- Bouquets of flowers , similar to Fleurop , but as an order service
- The new kitchen , kitchen catalog and separate built-in appliance catalog
- My furniture discounter
- Play with , toys catalog
- My size
- Men's style
- Madeleine Mode (named after Madeleine Schickedanz , the daughter of the owner)
- Jewelry and watches
- My baby & me
In addition to monthly catalogs, there were also irregularly sent promotional catalogs with reduced prices, discontinued goods and remaining stocks. Regular customers from time to time received catalogs that had a hard cover.
Own brands
In addition to branded goods, Quelle sold numerous own brands. The products behind this were mostly supplied by well-known manufacturers and often simplified in design and technology for the Quelle brands in order to justify a lower price. Well-known examples are:
- Quellux : own brand before the introduction of Privileg in 1964
- Privilege : From 1964 brand primarily for household and kitchen appliances, but also for office equipment such as typewriters and pocket calculators
- Universe : consumer electronics and multimedia
- Simonetta : radio and tape recorders
- Good play : toys
- Casamaxx: furniture
E-commerce and teleshopping
In addition to its catalog, Quelle GmbH was one of the first German mail-order companies to use the Internet as a medium . In e-commerce, the company was in competition with companies like Amazon.com and Ebay . Most recently, a much wider and deeper range was available on the Internet than in the catalog. According to a comScore study from 2007, Quelle was in third place in the Internet trade in Germany, behind Otto-Versand and Amazon.
Customers could also shop at quelle.de via mobile phone and order the products directly. Source has been selling kitchens in particular via the HSE24 teleshopping channel since 2008. Like Quelle, HSE24 was part of the Primondo Group.
Subsidiaries
In the course of time, Quelle founded numerous subsidiaries with which, in addition to or around the mail order business, other products and services were offered. Some of them later became independent companies.
- Photo source : Photo works and articles. Taken over by ORWO in 2009 .
- Travel source : tour operator. After incorporation into the Arcandor Group, it was integrated into its travel subsidiary, Thomas Cook .
- Norisbank : Originally acredit bank founded to provide small loans to finance Quelle items, which was latertaken overby Deutsche Bank .
- Profectis technical customer service : Repair service for all types of Quelle products, later also for Neckermann and Karstadt products. Sold after the Quelle insolvency and continued as an independent company.
- SB – Gross Handels – GmbH: Wholesale
- Apollo-Optik : founded in 1969 as a photo-source optics brand; Became independent in 1972.
Related companies
In addition to Quelle GmbH, other companies operated under the name “Quelle” , including a. the Linz-based Quelle AG , the St. Gallen-based Quelle Versand AG , the Essen-based Karstadt Quelle Information Services GmbH as well as other companies in the service and real estate industry.
The Arcandor Quelle bankruptcy
On June 9, 2009, Arcandor filed for insolvency for itself and Quelle at the Essen District Court. The employees were paid a three-month salary payment by way of pre-financing for insolvency payments , ultimately from funds from the employment agency . Business should continue as usual.
On June 29, 2009, high-ranking representatives of the federal government and the federal states of Bavaria and Saxony agreed, contrary to the recommendations of the Federal Economics Minister zu Guttenberg, an urgent bulk loan for the mail order company in the amount of 50 million euros. Half of the loan was shared by the federal government with 25 million euros, the state of Bavaria with 20.5 million and the state of Saxony with 4.5 million euros. This loan ran until December 31, 2009. The state loan had become necessary in order to be able to continue the business and in particular to ensure the printing of the autumn-winter catalog 2009, which was printed and delivered by the Schlott and Prinovis printers due to Quelle's insolvency temporarily rested.
On September 1, 2009, the insolvency proceedings were opened against Quelle GmbH and the Cologne lawyer Klaus Hubert Görg was appointed insolvency administrator . On October 19, 2009, the insolvency administrator Klaus Hubert Görg announced, according to the Financial Times Deutschland , that the Quelle mail order company should be wound up. Görg cited the reason that, after unsuccessful negotiations with a large number of investors, “insolvency administrators and creditors' committee now no longer see an alternative to liquidating Quelle Germany”. For the afternoon of October 20, 2009, Görg announced a staff meeting in Nuremberg. The resolution to liquidate was formally confirmed at a creditors' meeting on November 11, 2009.
Consequences of bankruptcy
The liquidation of the company started with a sell-off of stocks running from November 1st until just before Christmas 2009 by granting large discounts on the catalog price. Sales via the internet portal quelle.de were already discontinued on November 30, 2009 due to allegedly excessive costs. As a result, 1,300 employees became unemployed on December 1, 2009. The approx. 30 technology branches remaining in the course of the bankruptcy were closed shortly before Christmas 2009 after they participated in the sale.
In October 2009, the mail order company Otto expressed interest in the Primondo special mail order companies Baby-Walz , Elégance, Hess Natur and the foreign subsidiaries of Quelle GmbH.
Since a large number of larger companies such as Grundig AG and AEG had to give up in the Nuremberg / Fürth region in the past , the region was faced with a new structural problem. As a result of the bankruptcy of the company, the city of Fürth expected unemployment to rise by more than five percent, while Rainer Bomba , then head of the Bavarian Employment Agency, expected the unemployment rate in Nuremberg to rise by over three percentage points (from 8.8 to 12 percent / +36 Percent) prophesied in early November. On November 1, around 4,000 employees had to register with the Federal Employment Agency as unemployed; To cope with this onslaught on the Federal Agency, a provisional branch of the Employment Agency was set up in the Quelle mail order company in Nuremberg. Quelle GmbH recently had a total of around 3300 employees. The 4,000 employees who became unemployed in the Nuremberg area from the beginning of November were also largely employees of other Primondo subsidiaries.
Effects at DHL
The logistics partner DHL of Deutsche Post AG announced that as a consequence the locations in Bochum, Lehrte and Nuremberg would be completely closed and administrative positions in Frankfurt am Main will be cut. A total of around 960 employees were affected.
Effects on foreign companies
The Austrian subsidiary with around 1100 employees was also affected by the insolvency of Quelle GmbH. After no investor was found for Quelle Austria, bankruptcy proceedings were opened on November 16, 2009 . The former national subsidiary was broken up, the online portal was revived by the Otto Group, which owns the trademark rights to Quelle , at the beginning of 2011.
As a result of the bankruptcies and the subsequent sales of some of the mail-order company's foreign subsidiaries, many of the former Quelle websites are no longer accessible. In addition to the Austrian online portal , the Otto Group has also revived the Swiss one under the name Quelle , and the group also continues to operate the Russian portal. The Romanian address forwards to Quick24 (SC Quick 24 Mail Order Services SRL) , the renamed former subsidiary of Quelle, which was bought by a Romanian investment company. The portal in Hungary refers to the Otto Group's online portals in this country.
Effects of privilege
On November 3rd, the sale of washing machines and refrigerators of the Quelle private label Privileg was stopped because suppliers had registered retention of title and some of the devices that had already been delivered to Quelle had been picked up. Insolvency administrator Görg was forced to report impending mass inadequacy to the Essen district court . Several source suppliers filed a criminal complaint against the insolvency administrator Görg on November 6th because he should not have made promised payments. From December 1, 2009, white goods were to be sold again under the brand names in the technology centers , because appropriate agreements could be made with the suppliers.
Sale of parts of the company
At the beginning of November 2009 it became known that the Quelle brand name, together with the customer data for Germany and the foreign markets of Central and Eastern Europe, would be sold to the Otto Group. Quelle's Russia business is also sold to Otto as the only foreign subsidiary and continues to operate under the old name. As a condition for approval under antitrust law , it was ruled on February 17, 2010 that the Quelle brands such as Universum , Webschatz or Casamaxx had to be resold and that their buyers would also have access to Quelle's customer data. The only exception is the Privilege brand. On March 19, 2010, the Otto Group began to revive the German Quelle website, which temporarily referred to the various Otto brands and their online portals.
On November 10th, Arcandor's insolvency administration announced that the teleshopping channel HSE24 had been sold to the French financial investor Axa Private Equity . The call centers in Cottbus and Emden , which also look after the business for HSE24, will be taken over by the outsourcing service provider Walter Services from Ettlingen .
The Küchen-Quelle brand , with its full business operations, 150 employees and the associated kitchen studios (with the exception of the Hamburg branch), was created by the Franken investor consortium of entrepreneurs Alexander Fackelmann , Hannes Streng (BU), and the former Quelle division manager at Küchen-Quelle, Bernd Warnick and the company MittelstandsInvest founded by Christian Bühler (son of Madeleine Schickedanz) took over as shareholders. Since November 20, 2009 the company, which now specializes in kitchen sales across Germany, has been operating as an independent Küchen-Quelle GmbH .
Privileg , the trademark for household appliances , was sold by the Otto Group to the US household appliance manufacturer Whirlpool . The exclusive distribution rights for Germany and Austria remained with Otto.
Foto Quelle was taken over by ORWO Net from Wolfen at the end of November 2009 .
On December 18, 2009, it was announced that the service and repair provider Profectis , who provided technical customer service at Quelle , will be taken over by the service provider RTS Elektronik Systeme GmbH , based in Wolnzach in Upper Bavaria . The headquarters of Profectis will remain in Fürth.
The four foreign Quelle companies in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Baltic States, including Estonia and Latvia, were sold to the Swedish mail order company Halens on January 21, 2010 . The mail order business there is meanwhile continued under the name Halens , the former online portals of Quelle are no longer active. The Romanian Quelle mail order business was sold to the Panatek Investment Group , which has been running online mail order business since October 2010 under the new name Quick24 . Quelle held the leading position in mail order in Romania.
In February 2010 it was announced that the Dr. Hein GmbH from Nuremberg intends to continue the Quelle special catalog Gesunder Leben . The start of the area took place in a step-by-step concept under the name of Dr Hein Gesundheitswelt officially on November 30, 2010 in Nuremberg.
After the trademark rights to the Quelle name had already been sold to the Otto Group, the mail order company also took over the Swiss Quelle company along with its sister brand Ackermann . Both portals have been active again since July 2010 and are managed by Otto's Austrian subsidiary, Unito Versand & Dienstleistungen GmbH . The Austrian subsidiary also resumed mail order business in Austria on January 1, 2011 with a new Quelle website under the Quelle brand . The restart for quelle.de took place on August 10, 2011 as an online marketplace . This marketplace was closed on May 1st, 2013 due to lack of success. Quelle.de has been a universal mail order company again since May 2, 2013, with its core ranges of technology and furniture and, after its success in Switzerland, is also operated by Unito Versand & Dienstleistungen (part of Baur Versand ).
See also
literature
- Rüdiger Dingemann , Renate Lüdde: The source story. A German company in the mirror of the times . Bucher , Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-7658-1616-1 .
- Peter Zinke: "He threatened the Gauleitung again" - Gustav Schickedanz and the Aryanizations. In: Nurinst 2008. Contributions to German and Jewish history: Main topic: disenfranchisement and expropriation. Antogo, Nürnberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-938286-34-0 , pp. 63-80
Web links
_historisch_logo.svg&filetimestamp=20091025105409){kind=link}
- quelle.de
- quelle.at
- quelle.ch
- travel.quelle.de (REISE QUELLE ceased operations on Reisequelle.de on November 30, 2009)
- Quelle's dark past. In: Cicero.
- Gustav Schickedanz: His successors never had a chance. In: FAZ.net , October 20, 2009.
- Gunhild Lütge: Maximum damage - source is processed. In: The time. 44/2009, October 22, 2009.
- Farewell to the Quelle catalog - the best-seller. In: Spiegel online. October 23, 2009.
- Successful restart - 100 days Quelle.de press release from August 1, 2013
- Source - from mail order catalogs, consumer history and technology stores In: Retropie , December 28, 2019.
Sources and evidence
- ↑ a b Arcandor Group Annual Report 2007/2008 ( Memento of June 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) p. 112. (pdf; 1.8 MB)
- ↑ [Correction] Arcandor shows Quelle sales of 2.45 billion euros. ( Memento from January 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) www.excitingcommerce.de
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: imprint of the website )
- ↑ Miss Gretel from the source. In: The time. 24/2003, accessed October 24, 2009.
- ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung. July 24, 2009, p. 12.
- ↑ Klaus-Dietmar Henke, Johannes Bähr, Dieter Ziegler, Harald Wixforth: The Dresdner Bank in the Third Reich. Volume 2: The Dresdner Bank and the German Jews. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-486-57781-6 .
- ↑ The Schickedanz family: She became extremely rich with the Quelle catalog. at: www.bild.de , accessed on October 24, 2009.
- ↑ Biography of Grete Schickedanz. at: www.whoswho.de , accessed on May 19, 2010.
- ↑ Peter Zinke: "He threatened the Gauleitung again" - Gustav Schickedanz and the Aryanizations . In: nurinst 2008 . ISBN 978-3-938286-34-0 , pp. 63–80 ( antogo-verlag.de [PDF; 145 kB ; accessed on October 24, 2009]).
- ↑ Source: “Want! Weigh! Wagen! ” At: www.handelsblatt.com , accessed on October 24, 2009.
- ↑ Hans Dedi: A source boss from Murg. on: suedkurier.de , October 23, 2009, accessed December 18, 2012.
- ^ Quelle sale: Otto buys the Quelle brand , zeit.de , November 5, 2009
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: source is brought to life by Otto. ) At: www.unternehmer.de
- ↑ Source at a glance: Largest home shopping company in Europe. ( Memento of January 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) at: www.quelle.com , accessed on March 27, 2009.
- ↑ Spiegel Online from December 19, 2009: Quelle finally closes its doors , accessed on July 24, 2019.
- ↑ nordbayern.de of December 19, 2009: Quelle department store - The very last evening , accessed on July 24, 2019.
- ↑ Sabine Stoll: The source complex goes to major real estate developers. In: Nürnberger Nachrichten. June 27, 2018 (online at www.nordbayern.de )
- ↑ New investor: Quelle complex will not be a shopping center. on: www.nordbayern.de , July 5, 2018.
- ↑ Printing of the Quelle catalog started. ( Memento of March 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) at: druck-medien.net , June 22, 2009.
- ^ Archive of Photo Source Catalogs , accessed on August 6, 2011.
- ↑ Quelle includes its own furniture brand Casamaxx in the catalog . In: horizon . ( horizont.net [accessed July 31, 2018]).
- ↑ Germany lags behind when it comes to internet trading. In: IT Times. December 13, 2007.
- ↑ Arcandor files for bankruptcy. on: finanznachrichten.de , June 9, 2009.
- ↑ Ten Reasons for Sudden Source Death. at: www.bild.de , accessed on October 24, 2009.
- ↑ The credit for Quelle can flow. from: www.focus.de , July 7, 2009, accessed October 24, 2009.
- ↑ Emergency loan decided for Quelle. at: tagesschau.de , June 29, 2009.
- ↑ Mass loan for source is paid out. from: www.focus.de , July 10, 2009, accessed October 24, 2009.
- ↑ The Quelle catalog is coming. at: www.focus.de , July 14, 2009, accessed October 24, 2009.
- ↑ Bankruptcy - source is at the end. ( Memento from July 31, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Financial Times Deutschland. July 19, 2009.
- ↑ Mail order source before the end. on: diepresse.com , October 15, 2009.
- ↑ Final liquidation of the traditional Quelle company. ( Memento from December 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) at: www.unternehmer.de , November 11, 2009.
- ↑ «Warehouse clearance» - Quelle clears the warehouse - customer orders are carried out. ( Memento from October 20, 2009 in the web archive archive.today ) In: AD HOC NEWS .
- ↑ Bargain hunters watch out: Quelle sell-out begins on Sunday. on: www.merkur.de , October 30, 2010.
- ↑ Too high costs: Quelle stops selling out on the Internet. on: www.stern.de , November 26, 2009.
- ↑ At Quelle the lights go out forever. ( Memento from July 31, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Financial Times Deutschland. December 18, 2009.
- ↑ Settlement in spite of state aid - at Quelle it will end before Christmas. ( Memento of October 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: Financial Times Germany. Oct 19, 2009.
- ↑ Out for source: Nuremberg / Fürth region in shock. on: www.merkur.de , October 21, 2009.
- ↑ Off for source. ( Memento from January 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on: augsburger-allgemeine.de , October 20, 2009.
- ↑ Only Madeleine Schickedanz smiles at Quelle. at: www.welt.de , accessed on October 24, 2009.
- ^ Nuremberg and the Quelle bankruptcy. In: Spiegel online. October 23, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
- ↑ Employment agency sets up a branch at Quelle. at: www.welt.de , accessed on October 24, 2009.
- ^ Deutsche Post: After Quelle-Aus there is a risk of job cuts at DHL. In: Focus Online. October 22, 2009, accessed December 7, 2014 .
- ^ Source Austria bankruptcy. on: www.konsument.at , November 17, 2009.
- ↑ Courier : Quelle packs wander into the Otto realm. ( Memento of March 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on: kurier.at , March 5, 2010.
- ↑ a b QUICK 24 - Magazinul dumneavoastra online. ( Memento of January 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Presentation of the renaming of the Romania source to Quick24.
- ^ Homepage of Quelle in Hungary. Retrieved October 19, 2010 .
- ↑ There are no more washing machines at Quelle. at: www.welt.de , accessed on November 6, 2009.
- ↑ Quelle suppliers feel cheated by Görg. from: www.welt.de , November 6, 2009, accessed on November 6, 2009.
- ↑ Otto buys the Quelle brand. In: Spiegel Online. November 5, 2009, accessed December 7, 2014 .
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Otto may use Quelle brands with restrictions. In: handelsblatt.com. February 16, 2010, accessed December 7, 2014 .
- ↑ Otto reactivates the Quelle website. In: handelsblatt.com. March 19, 2010, accessed December 7, 2014 .
- ↑ Creditors' Committee approves sale of Home Shopping Europe. ( Memento of November 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) at: www.arcandor.de.
- ↑ Quelle call centers are taken over. In: handelsblatt.com. November 16, 2009, accessed December 7, 2014 .
- ↑ Kitchen source: Hamburg closes - but there is still hope. on: www.moebelkultur.de
- ↑ Investor group "Franken" takes over Küchen-QUELLE. ( Memento of November 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) at: www.arcandor.de , November 20, 2009.
- ↑ www.kuechen-quelle.de
- ↑ Restart for website and privilege - source lives. ( Memento from March 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ ORWO Net takes over the Foto Quelle brand. ( Memento from August 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Press release from ORWO Net GmbH, November 27, 2009 (PDF file; 122 kB)
- ↑ RTS Elektronik Systeme GmbH takes over Profectis. ( Memento of May 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) at: www.profectis.de , December 18, 2009.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160301103407/http://www.textilwirtschaft.de/business/Halens-uebernnahm-vier-Quelle-Landesverbindungen_61507.html
- ↑ Swedish mail order company buys CEE source. on: derstandard.at , January 22, 2010.
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Investor found for Quelle special catalog - medium-sized company wants to continue shipping health products. ( Memento from September 7, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Nürnberger Nachrichten. February 6, 2010.
- ↑ www.dr-hein.com
- ↑ Unito continues Quelle and Ackermann in Switzerland. on: www.textilwirtschaft.de , May 12, 2010.
- ↑ Otto brings Quelle back to life in 2011. on: www.nachrichten.at
- ↑ Quelle is back - as an online marketplace. on: www.heise.de , August 10, 2011.