Röthenbach near Sankt Wolfgang

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Röthenbach near Sankt Wolfgang
Wendelstein market
Coat of arms of Röthenbach near Sankt Wolfgang
Coordinates: 49 ° 21 ′ 47 "  N , 11 ° 10 ′ 11"  E
Height : 344 m
Residents : 2447  (Aug 31, 2011)
Incorporation : May 1, 1978
Postal code : 90530
Area code : 09129
Saint Wolfgang Church
Saint Wolfgang Church

The parish village of Röthenbach near Sankt Wolfgang has been a district of the market Wendelstein in the Central Franconian district of Roth since the municipal reform in 1978 .

Geographical location

Röthenbach is located in the Lorenzer Reichswald at the confluence of the Schwarzach and Gauchsbach rivers and on the Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal , northeast of the main town of Wendelstein and about 13 kilometers southeast of Nuremberg . The Schwarzach rises on the Tyrolsberg near Neumarkt and digs deep into the Franconian castle sandstone south of Röthenbach, forming narrow gorges .

history

The place name Röthenbach comes from clearing on the brook , which means the Gauchsbach , a small tributary of the Schwarzach . Another interpretation is that the name was derived from the red brook (Ahd. To the red brook ). With appropriate sunlight, the red-brown Keupersands give the stream water a reddish color.

The place arose from two Zeidelgüter in the Nuremberg Reichswald . The first settlement approaches go back to the year 1310.

At the end of the Middle Ages , the Zeidlers gained supra-regional importance. They supplied the royal table and the Nuremberg gingerbread biscuits with the coveted forest honey. At that time the village was subordinate to the Zeidelgericht in Feucht .

In a document from 1361 the community is still referred to as "Rötembach an der Swarzach". In other documents the place is called "Röthenbach an der Schwarzach" to distinguish it from other places. Around the year 1550 the name Röthenbach came up near Sankt Wolfgang, which indicates a shrine to Wolfgang.

In addition to long-distance traffic, the location on the water and the forest was decisive for the development of this settlement. The Schwarzach was once the border river between the area of ​​the Margraves of Ansbach and the Nuremberg territory. Opposite the Nuremberg customs post on the north bank of the Schwarzach, the margrave built his customs post in 1659 south of the Schwarzach Bridge, a stately half-timbered house, which is also known as the judges' house.

The first margravial war in the 15th century caused considerable damage to the place, in the second (1552–1554) the village and the district of Gugelhammer were largely destroyed.

In the 16th century 15 Nuremberg subjects lived in Röthenbach north of the Schwarzach. The district south of the river (a farm and an estate) belonged to the Wendelstein court. South of the Schwarzach is also the district of Nerreth , the new clearing . The agriculture once operated there was given up due to the low yield on the barren sandy soil.

Ludwig Canal in Röthenbach

The place Röthenbach gained importance due to its location on the Salzstraße , which is indicated by the name of a street. The salt road led from Nuremberg to Bad Reichenhall . The lively traffic created four inns, a post office and a general store. With the construction of the Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal (construction period: 1836–1845), the place was connected to the European waterway network. On the 173 km long waterway, the barges were first with horses towed . Later came steam barges added. There was a loading point (annex) in Röthenbach for cargo handling . Shipping was stopped after the Second World War . The underground remains of the pier are now built over with the grounds of the elementary school.

The so-called towpaths are developed as hiking and cycling trails. The Gauchsbach bridge canal at Kugelhammer Castle and the Schwarzach bridge canal bear witness to the art of bridge building in the 19th century.

Röthenbach near Sankt Wolfgang was a stop on the former Feucht – Wendelstein railway line , which was shut down for passenger traffic in 1955 and freight traffic in 1959 and dismantled in 1960.

In addition to agriculture and forestry, a hammer mill and a paper mill were of economic importance for the place .

On May 1, 1978, Röthenbach near Sankt Wolfgang was incorporated into the market town of Wendelstein together with its districts of Gugelhammer and Nerreth . In a public survey, however, 96% of the participants had voted against the incorporation, and the turnout was 78%. The last mayor of Röthenbach was Eberhard Büttner, who at the time of the 100th anniversary of the Röthenbach volunteer fire brigade was its chairman.

Population development

  • 1875: 0350
  • 1910: 0422
  • 1925: 0375
  • 1933: 0438
  • 1939: 0548
  • 1945: 0922
  • 1961: 0984
  • 1970: 1631
  • 1987: 2191
  • 2011: 2447

The population decreased drastically in the Renaissance , as the plague did not leave the place without a trace. The first plague victims were found in 1612. By 1632, 59 of the 150 inhabitants at that time had died of the plague and entire families were wiped out. In the church registers one finds the cause of death still "hot head disease", "Hungarian disease" or typhus. Wandering soldiers of the Thirty Years' War and their "followers" spread the disease.

The rapid growth of the community after 1945 presented the administration at the time with difficult tasks in the 1950s and 1960s, with the water supply being the greatest problem. In 1954/55 and 1961/63, the entire pipe network was renewed and a waterworks was built in 1963/64 . This is no longer available.

Attractions

Ball hammer lock

Ball hammer lock 1707
Ball hammer lock

The most important building in the area is the Kugelhammer Castle ▲ , of which Christoph von Volckamer is the administrator. The castle gets its name from the hammer mill that was producing iron balls as early as the 14th century. The farm in the castle area was mentioned in a document in 1310 as a Zeidelgut of Heinrich Creutzer. He is also likely to have built the first permanent seat, the “Steinhewslein”. Later the names "Schloss am Doos" (waterfall) and "Schlösschen zu Sankt Wolfgang" (Wolfgang's chapel) appeared. The name Schlüsselfeldsch manor has been used since 1700 . Of the later owners of the castle, the Meichsner occupy an important position in Röthenbach's history.

From 1678 to 1709 the estate was owned by Johann Carl von Schlüsselfelder von and auf Kirchensittenbach and Röthenbach near St. Wolfgang, who was the last of his line to set up a family foundation named after him. He designated the so-called Nassauer Haus ▲ in Nuremberg opposite the west facade of the Lorenz Church as the foundation house of the JC von Schlüsselfelder family foundation.

The foundation will designated his two brothers-in-law, FS Kreß von Kressenstein and C. Welser von Neuhof, as beneficiaries. He transferred the administration to the eldest of these families. With the death of his wife Maria Helena in 1713, the foundation came into force. Since 1709, 23 administrators from the Kreß von Kressenstein, Welser and Volckamer von Kirchensittenbach families (since 1878) headed the foundation.

Wolfgang Chapel (destroyed)

In the Gauchsbach gorge behind the Kugelhammer Castle stood the Wolfgang Chapel, which was consecrated to St. Wolfgang , a bishop of Regensburg . Up until the Reformation, this chapel was a popular place of pilgrimage and a resting place for pilgrims who were on their way to the Wolfgang shrine on Abersee (now Wolfgangsee ) in Austria.

On September 29, 1732, the Wolfgang chapel was "completely torn down and carried away by a flood, so that not even a vestigium (trace) can be found where it was before ..." (protocol of the Baron von Schlüsselfeld's foundation registry). The inventory of the Wolfgang chapel in the castle still includes the pewter baptismal font with a jug, old candlesticks and host glasses. The assumption is that the hewn stones of the chapel that were scattered across the Hammerwiese were reused as building material. On the eastern wall of the shed of the shopkeeper there are 8 sandstones with so-called Wetzrillen , as they can be found on many sacred buildings.

Wolfgang Church

The building permit for the village church (Wolfgangskirche) was issued on April 9, 1465. The lord of the castle and feudal lord at the time, Heinrich Meichsner, gave the place a spiritual and spiritual center. The construction of the church lasted from 1465 to 1468.

It was probably inaugurated on July 10, 1468. According to the parish description, the parish festival is celebrated before or after the memorial days of St. Willibald and St. Kilian, depending on whether the latter falls in the first or second half of the week. Until 1477, the Röthenbacher church was a branch of Kornburg , but then an independent parish. In 1477 the nuremberg family gardeners endowed the parish and had a parish and sacristan's house built. The visitation report from 1780 confirmed the right to present Gärtner, who is said to have been a son-in-law of Meichsner. Meichsner had acquired Kugelhammer in 1463 and donated a benefice to the parish church in 1468 .

In 1700 the interior of the church was redesigned in the Baroque style (altar from 1701, gallery parapet from 1700, organ case from 1750), only the baptismal font is from the time the church was built.

On June 26, 1562, Karl and Jeremias Gärtner sold the parish loan with the associated income and the sacristan's house for 500 guilders to the City Council of Nuremberg, which owned the village with Kugelhammer.

Village fountain

As part of the renovation of the old town in 2000, the old village fountain was restored to its original construction and the square in front of the Wolfgang Church was redesigned.

Old Town Hall

The half-timbered house next to the church was built by the Nuremberg Regional Office and rebuilt in 1579, 1719 and 1844. It once served as a school and sacristan's house and from January 17, 1882 until it was incorporated in 1978, it served as the town hall.

In the nature

The recreational used Jägersee and ecologically valuable Krugsweiher . The historic Gauchsbach-Leitgraben .

local community

Kindergarten and school

Immediately next to the former Röthenbach town hall is the kindergarten built in 1967/68. The "old town hall", which has now been rebuilt, was integrated into the kindergarten. The schoolhouse dates from 1965 and is the third in the history of the community.

fire Department

The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1877 and secured in the 1950s by a fire station , which, however, quickly became too small. The fire station, which still exists today, was built in 1977 and was handed over to mark the 100th anniversary of the fire brigade.

In the period between December 21, 1973 and March 2, 1974 a "fire devil" was up to mischief in Röthenbach. Therefore, every night, between 8:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m., fire guards (men between 18 and 60 years of age) were on the road. A total of 6331 km of control drives were covered. The perpetrator was caught elsewhere.

Sports

With the construction of the gymnasium and multi-purpose hall in 1974, another milestone in the history of Röthenbach was set. This gym serves as a school gym, as an event hall and the sports club TSV Röthenbach near St. Wolfgang as a training opportunity.

Culture

Since 1907, the Unity Men's Choir has been trying to maintain German choral singing . He holds regular singing lessons and rehearsals and performs several times a year in public.

environment

Dust-free rubbish collection was introduced in 1966 and street cleaning in 1973.

traffic

The A 73 motorway touches the town in the north. There, at the Wendelstein junction (AS 47), the state road 2239 branches off in the direction of Wendelstein and continues to Schwabach . Two communal roads lead to State Road 2225 near Wendelstein.

literature

Web links

Commons : Röthenbach bei Sankt Wolfgang  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Röthenbach near Sankt Wolfgang in the Bavaria Atlas
  2. ↑ Alfons Baier: The medieval spring sanctuary "St. Wolfgang" in the Gauchsbachtal east of Kugelhammer Castle (district of Roth). 2006, accessed August 19, 2017 .
  3. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 733 .
  4. ↑ http://www.ulischubert.de/geografie/gem1900/gem1900.htm?mittelfranken/schwabach.htm
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Schwabach. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ http://gov.genealogy.net/ShowObjectSimple.do?id=ROTANGJN59OI
  7. ↑ http://www.wendelstein.de/wendelstein___info/daten___ffekten/bevoelkerungsstatistik/ ( Memento from July 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive )