Großschwarzenlohe

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Großschwarzenlohe
Wendelstein market
Coordinates: 49 ° 20 ′ 23 "  N , 11 ° 6 ′ 47"  E
Height : 331  (329–342)  m above sea level NHN
Residents : 3171  (Jul 31, 2014)
Incorporation : May 1, 1978
Postal code : 90530
Area code : 09129
Großschwarzenlohe through town
Großschwarzenlohe through town
Aerial view of Großschwarzenlohe (2020)
5 stone crosses 15. 3 * 19. and 16th century
Shepherd's house from 1835, restored
18th century inn, restored
Former servants' house of the Erichmühle from 1897, (in disrepair)

Großschwarzenlohe is a district of the Wendelstein market in the Roth district of Central Franconia .

Geographical location

The church village is about 12 km south of Nuremberg , 10 km east of Schwabach and 10 km west of Feucht . In the lower Altort, the year-round water-bearing Lohbach flows from the south into the Schwarzach, which flows north below the village . A bridge near the Erichmühle connects the place with Kleinschwarzenlohe . In 1931 the bridge from the Middle Ages was replaced and renewed again in 2007. Some water and landscape conservation areas are designated in the local area.

The district road RH 1 leads to Leerstetten (2 km south) or to state road 2239 near Kleinschwarzenlohe (0.5 km north-west). Communal roads run via Sorg to St 2239 (0.6 km north), to Wendelstein (2.2 km northeast) and to Raubersried (1.7 km east).

history

Großschwarzenlohe was first mentioned in a document in 1289 as "Swertzenloch". It was mentioned in church registers together with Leerstetten and Furth in a deed of foundation of the Eichstatt Bishop Raban on April 4, 1372. The place name is derived from the previously extensively operated charcoal burning, from blackening as an activity and tan for embers, flame. The place is a typical clustered village that, like the neighboring towns, was built in the 12th century. In the 14th century the Nuremberg patricians owned property in and around the village. In 1449 the place was completely burned down at the instigation of Albrecht Achilles in the First Margrave War . From 1505 to 1806 Großschwarzenlohe was one of the border towns between the Principality of Ansbach and the area of ​​the imperial city of Nuremberg .

In 1732 there were 23 properties in the village, according to the descriptions of the Oberamts by Johann Georg Vetter : 9 properties were subordinate to the Imperial City of Nuremberg ( St. Klara and Pillenreuth Department : 3, Imperial Alms: 5, Laurenzi Forest Department: 1) and 14 properties from Nuremberg owners ( from Fürer : 2, from Imhoff : 2, from Pfinzing : 3, from Rieter : 7). Towards the end of the 18th century there were 22 properties in Großschwarzenlohe. The high court exercised the Brandenburg-Ansbach judicial office Schwand . The imperial city of Nuremberg held the village and community rule. The landlords were the imperial city of Nuremberg (St. Klara and Pillenreuth: 2 half yards , 1 estate with tavern ; Landesalmosenamt: 1 whole yard, 3 half yards, 1 Gütlein; Spitalamt Hl. Geist : 1 Dreiviertelhof, Waldamt Laurenzi : 1 half yard), Nuremberg owners ( von Fürer: 1 half yard, 1 Gütlein; von Haller : 1 estate with Tafernwirtschaft; von Holzschuher : 1 Halbhof, 1 Gütlein) and the Rieter Foundation Administration Kornburg of the knight canton Altmühl (1 Dreiviertelhof, 1 estate with Tafernwirtschaft, 5 Gütlein). In addition to the property, there were also communal buildings (shepherd's house, forge). In 1800 there were still 22 properties in the village.

In 1806 Großschwarzenlohe came to the Kingdom of Bavaria . As part of the municipal edict, the Großschwarzenlohe tax district was formed in 1808 . The first section included the towns of Erichmühle , Schaftnach , Schwarzach and Sorg . The second section included the places Kleinschwarzenlohe , Königshammer , Oberlangenlohe , Unterlangenlohe and Neuses . In 1818 the rural community Großschwarzenlohe was formed, which was congruent with the tax district I. Section. In administration and jurisdiction, it was subordinate to the Schwabach Regional Court and in the financial administration to the Schwabach Rent Office ( renamed Schwabach Tax Office in 1920 ). From 1862 Großschwarzenlohe was administered by the Schwabach District Office (renamed the Schwabach District in 1938 ). The jurisdiction remained with the district court Schwabach until 1879 and from 1880 it came to the district court Schwabach . The municipality had an area of ​​7.113 km².

In the late summer of 1938, the place was quarantined for a while because of the foot and mouth disease . During the Second World War there was no destruction in Großschwarzenlohe, although there was an anti-aircraft gun station on site . Nevertheless, one fatality was to be mourned. On April 4, 1943, two children in Großschwarzenlohe found an intact phosphor canister . They hit it with a stone until it exploded. One child was killed after being severely burned, the other died from it. Foreign workers, Poles, Ukrainians, French prisoners of war, were housed in the barrack of the master mason Bierlein. They were generally treated well. They were allowed to eat at the table and, contrary to the ban, they belonged to the family like servants . A Ukrainian woman became pregnant by a French man. He took her to France after the war and later wrote that he had already fathered three children with his Natascha. After the end of the war there were frequent billeting and occasional looting.

On May 1, 1978, as part of the regional reform in Bavaria, the municipality of Großschwarzenlohe was dissolved: Schaftnach and Schwarzach were incorporated into the town of Schwabach, Erichsmühle, Großschwarzenlohe and Sorg into the Wendelstein market.

Architectural monuments

  • There are two atonement crosses on the Schaftnacher Weg . The helmet cross in Großschwarzenlohe commemorates the murder that was committed there by two brothers from Sorg, who have been handed down by name . The bones of the victim were found underneath, still with the knife in his chest, examined and dated to 1511. The cross originally stood on the bridge over the Lohbach and was relocated . The wayside shrine next to it is said to have been made before 1525; but this is an update error. The sculptural much more filigree execution and the field name of the place of discovery as a Swedish cross make it appear more like a memory of the victims of the Swedish campaigns around 1630 against the troops led by Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly in the Thirty Years War . Another stone cross, the Kemmeterkreuz, is on Rother Straße .
  • Various farms
  • Former inn
  • Yellow Lion Inn
  • Former shepherd's house
  • Bakehouse
  • Basement entrance

Population development

Großschwarzenlohe community

year 1818 1840 1852 1855 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1952 1961 1970
Residents 423 499 500 516 539 518 529 508 503 543 472 499 499 470 441 451 455 535 494 749 818 785 994 1781
Houses 59 70 70 67 69 71 109 172
source

Place Großschwarzenlohe

year 001818 001840 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987 002008 002014
Residents 146 156 158 171 176 169 178 374 609 1428 2938 3378 3171
Houses 25th 28 27 28 31 56 117 756
source

The population has been falling for years. The population of Großschwarzenlohe is clearly outdated. While the group with the largest population is the 37 to 47 year olds on the national average, here it is the over 65 to 75 year olds. More than a quarter of the population is over 60 years old.

religion

The place has been predominantly Evangelical-Lutheran since the Reformation. The inhabitants of the Evangelical-Lutheran denomination were originally all parish to St. Peter and Paul (Leerstetten) . Today a part of St. Georg (Wendelstein) is parish.

Economy and Infrastructure

Originally, the main activities in Großschwarzenlohe were charcoal burning , cattle breeding and arable farming. In a clay pit on the north-western outskirts of the village, the indentation of which is still clearly recognizable, but which is modernly built over, an adobe was set up. After the clay deposits were exploited, this activity initially shifted a little further east. This can still be seen from the names of the Leinschlag and Lehmgrube parcels located a few hundred meters further east. In the late 14th century, adobe construction became out of date and abandoned in favor of those with mighty sandstone blocks that were broken in the quarries of the Wernloch and later became one of Wendelstein's export hits.

From ancient times there were four inns on the important road to Roth and Weißenburg . A forge was always available for those passing through. The youngest known one was founded in 1856 by Christoph Abraham and demolished and built over together with a characteristic Franconian homestead around 1975.

Today Großschwarzenlohe is only characterized by agriculture to a small extent, modern residential developments predominate. A formerly existing distillery is in the process of being dissolved. In the south of the village, a small commercial center with a discount store, gas station, retail outlets and service providers has been created, which has been jokingly referred to as "Seiboldsried" since the mid-2000s. The descendants of the historic forge have built a spacious new building there, look after the agricultural machinery of the local farmers and also offer modern metalworking techniques such as laser and water jet cutting. Solar-electric systems with a total output of around 180 kilowatts have been installed on the roofs of the village. There are also many other small shops, craft businesses, restaurateurs and service providers in the town.

Großschwarzenlohe has its own volunteer fire department.

Education and culture

Social facilities

  • primary school
  • kindergarten

Events

The Kärwa is celebrated on the second weekend in June . A custom reminiscent of the tradition of the shepherds is the so-called Betzn dancing out. The winning dance couple receives a living young lamb (Betzn) as a prize. In midsummer the fire brigade holds a big summer party. A multi-purpose hall is available for other events , in which, among other things, part of the program of the Wendelstein Jazz and Blues Open Festival is presented.

Local public transport

Großschwarzenlohe is regularly served by six public transport routes. On weekdays there are connections to Nuremberg, Schwabach, Feucht, Schwand and Roth. From Saturday afternoon and on Sundays and public holidays only Nuremberg is served.

literature

Web links

Commons : Großschwarzenlohe  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Großschwarzenlohe in the Bavaria Atlas
  2. ↑ a b W. Ulsamer (Ed.), P. 297.
  3. ^ First mention of Großschwarzenlohe, Leerstetten and Furth Chronik der köhlerfreunde.de
  4. ↑ W. Ulsamer (Ed.), Pp. 297f.
  5. ↑ a b F. Eigler, p. 392.
  6. ↑ JK Bundschuh, Vol. 2, Col. 405.
  7. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 472f.
  8. ↑ a b c Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 823 ( digitized version ).
  9. ↑ pastor Pleschs war diary , Retrieved on January 9, 2015
  10. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 733 .
  11. ↑ Stone crosses Großschwarzenlohe
  12. ↑ Field name Schwedenkreuz
  13. ↑ a b Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses , and from 1871 to 1987 as residential buildings.
  14. ↑ a b Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkreise according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 32 ( digitized version ). For the community of Großschwarzenlohe plus the residents and buildings of Erichmühle (p. 23), Schaftnach (p. 80) and Sorg (p. 87).
  15. ^ A b Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 234 ( digitized version ). According to the historical municipality register , the municipality had 498 inhabitants.
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 184 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized ).
  17. ↑ a b Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1086 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized ).
  18. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1251 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized ).
  19. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1186-1187 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1259 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1296-1297 ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1124 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 179 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 349 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ Jazz and Blues Open Festival, Wendelstein ( Memento of the original from August 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jazzandbluesopen.de