Kleinschwarzenlohe

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Kleinschwarzenlohe
Wendelstein market
Kleinschwarzenlohe coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 20 ′ 51 ″  N , 11 ° 6 ′ 30 ″  E
Height : 330 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 1930  (2013)
Incorporation : May 1, 1978
Postal code : 90530
Area code : 09129
Allerheiligenkirche Kleinschwarzenlohe
Allerheiligenkirche Kleinschwarzenlohe

Kleinschwarzenlohe is a district of the Wendelstein market in the Roth district of Central Franconia .

geography

Geographical location

The street village is about twelve kilometers south of Nuremberg . The Nuremberg Reichswald borders in the north and the Schwarzach runs to the south . A bridge connects the place with Großschwarzenlohe . The medieval bridge was replaced in 1931 and renewed again in 2007.

The A 6 motorway runs north of the village , the next junction is the AS  57 (Roth), 4 km away . In the state road 2239 from Wendelstein to Schwabach in the West leads the upcoming Nuremberg State Road 2406 . The district road RH 1 leads via Großschwarzenlohe to Leerstetten .

Natural allocation

The Keuper landscape of Kleinschwarzenlohe is located in the natural spatial unit of the Franconian Keuper-Lias-Land and the natural space unit of the Middle Franconian Basin .

Geology and soil

geology

The geology of Kleinschwarzenlohe is determined by the Quaternary valley fillings of the Schwarzach. Pleistocene , gravel river gravel occurs north of the water in the fringes of the floodplain . This is followed by layers of the Middle Castle Sandstone of the Löwenstein Formation . The Upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic overburden can be assigned to the geological group of the Middle Keuper .

ground

On the Talfüllungen the Schwarzach has the soil type Vega consisting of the soil en silt developed to clay (Auensediment). Brown earth soils are predominant on the sites that are not influenced by groundwater .

climate

Kleinschwarzenlohe is located in the cool, temperate climate zone and has a humid climate . The Schwarzachtal is located in the transition area between the humid Atlantic and the dry continental climate . After the climate classification of Köppen / Geiger climate of Kleinschwarzenlohe for one temperate warm rainy climate (Cfb climate). The mean air temperature of the warmest month remains below 22 ° C and that of the coldest month above -3 ° C.

history

Kleinschwarzenlohe was created as a result of the construction of a farm by the Ebrach monastery . The first written mention dates from 1289 as "Schwerzenloh". Around the year 1340 a hammer mill was built, which gave the place a certain economic importance. The place name is derived from the previously extensively operated charcoal burning , blackening as an activity and tan for embers, flame. From the Thirty Years' War it is known that the place was burned down in 1632 when Swedish troops marched through against the army of the Catholic League led by Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly . The Swedes advanced into the Lech region, but were pushed back north by Albrecht von Wallenstein the following year .

Towards the end of the 18th century there were 25 properties and a community shepherd's house in Kleinschwarzenlohe. The high court exercised the Brandenburg-Ansbach judge's office in Kornburg . A municipality Lord , the village had not. Landlord were the city of Nuremberg (Landes alms Office: 1 Ganzhof, 1 Halbhof, 3 Gütlein, 1 Empty House ; forest Official Laurenzi : 1 Forsthub with beer industry, 1 Halbhof with beer industry, 1 Forsthub, 1 Gütlein), Nuremberg self-Men ( von Ebner : 1 Halbhof, 1 Gütlein; von Fürer : 1 Ganzhof, 2 Halbhöfe, 2 Gütlein, 1 Leerhaus; von Örtel: 1 Halbhof ), the Rieter Foundation Administration Kornburg of the knight canton Altmühl (1 half courtyard ), the lords of Egloffstein of the manor Kornburg of the knight canton Gebürg (1st floor ) Half yard) and the office Katzwang of the monastery office Ebrach (1 half yard).

In 1806 Kleinschwarzenlohe came to the Kingdom of Bavaria . As part of the municipal edict, the tax district Großschwarzenlohe, II. Section, was formed in 1808 , to which Kleinschwarzenlohe also belonged. In 1818 the rural community of Kleinschwarzenlohe was formed, to which the towns of Allerheiligen , Königshammer , Neuses , Zollhaus (Oberlangenlohe) and Steinbrüchlein (Unterlangenlohe) belonged. In administration and jurisdiction, it was subordinate to the Schwabach Regional Court and in the financial administration to the Schwabach Rent Office ( renamed Schwabach Tax Office in 1920 ). The districts Steinberg ( Glasersberg ) and Steinbruch ( Holsteinbruch ) existed from 1840 at the latest . From 1862 Kleinschwarzenlohe was administered by the Schwabach District Office (renamed the Schwabach District in 1938 ). The jurisdiction remained with the district court Schwabach until 1879 and from 1880 it came to the district court Schwabach . After 1885, but before 1900, Glasersberg and Holsteinbruch were reassigned to Worzeldorf . The municipality had an area of ​​5.227 km².

On May 1, 1978, as part of the regional reform in Bavaria, the municipality of Kleinschwarzenlohe was dissolved: Steinbrüchlein and Zollhaus were incorporated into Nuremberg, Kleinschwarzenlohe, Königshammer and Neuses into Wendelstein.

Architectural and natural monuments

  • Worth seeing is the All Saints Church , consecrated in 1448 , a sandstone building with rich furnishings, which goes back to foundations of the Nuremberg patrician family Rieter , and since 1608 has housed a late Gothic altar by Tilman Riemenschneider (the "Apostle Farewell" altar - from 1491). In 1513 the church tower was expanded. Between 1600 and 1626 the church was fundamentally renovated by the patron saint Rieter. The choir has a ribbed vault . The nave is equipped with a flat wooden ceiling. As a special feature, there is a small historical cemetery with the so-called “suicide corner” within the church wall. In the past, apart from the graves of the local families, the partially nameless corpses of those who, for example, killed themselves by jumping bridges in the forest of Kleinschwarzenlohe on the former Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal , or were washed ashore at the Erichmühle dam , were buried there, apart from the graves of the local families .
  • Also noteworthy is the so-called "thousand-year-old linden tree" in the town center, which is in a pitiful condition due to heavy through traffic and surrounding area sealing. Historically, it is only 494 years old, which is why the name “Alte Linde” is gradually becoming established. In 1963 it was badly damaged by a lightning strike. The Kärwaburschen have been holding a linden festival since 2010.

Population development

Kleinschwarzenlohe community

year 1818 1840 1852 1855 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1952 1961 1970
Residents 338 380 393 433 418 396 376 384 433 392 350 382 337 335 334 300 311 315 293 449 478 449 554 1472
Houses 61 57 58 58 56 53 69 103
source

Place Kleinschwarzenlohe with All Saints' Day

year 001818 001840 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987 002013
Residents 196 217 194 200 198 185 181 271 376 1327 2328 1930
Houses 41 26th 35 35 31 43 71 683
source

Kleinschwarzenlohe in transition

Construction board Kohlbauerhof (2014)

In 2014, an abandoned industrial site with considerable land consumption was demolished in the town center, between Staatsstraße 2239 (which is called Rangaustraße in the town ) and on the Schwarzach . A large number of apartments suitable for the elderly with a view of the Schwarzachtal were to be built there. A listed (LfD-Nr .: D-5-76-151-93) historic inn, the Kohlbauerhaus , built in 1647 , was dismantled and stored in accordance with the monument , which was a hindrance to the construction work and located very close to the road . After the completion of construction of this building was to about 15 meters to the south translocated and rebuilt restored. A district center with modern infrastructure, cafeteria etc. in a historical guise was to emerge from this later. In the spring of 2015, however, construction activities came to a standstill due to the insolvency of the two operating companies. In the summer of 2015, all of the heavy construction machines were picked up and the only partially completed shell structures were initially left to their own devices. In the winter of 2015/16, wob Immobilien GmbH was a new investor who continued the project. The whereabouts of the stored elements of the listed building has since been considered “unclear” and the new Projektentwicklungs-GmbH announced that “the reconstruction cannot be financed”. The 2 multi-family houses were occupied at the beginning of 2017 and can be reached under the new street name -Am Silberhammer- which derives the reference to the former metal works. In 2018, the last construction phase was completed with the construction of the nursing home with 103 beds.

religion

The All Saints Church was originally a branch of Our Lady (Katzwang) . The place has been predominantly Evangelical-Lutheran since the Reformation. The All Saints Church has been part of the parish of St. Nikolaus (Kornburg) since the 18th century at the latest .

Local public transport

Kleinschwarzenlohe is served by six public transport routes. On weekdays there are regular connections to Nuremberg, Schwabach, Feucht , Schwand and Roth . From Saturday afternoon and on Sundays and public holidays only Nuremberg is served.

Adam Scharrer's birthplace

Son of the place

  • The writer Adam Scharrer (1889–1948) was born in Kleinschwarzenlohe.

literature

Web links

Commons : Kleinschwarzenlohe  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kleinschwarzenlohe in the Bavaria Atlas
  2. ↑ Map of the main natural space units and natural space units in Bavaria. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on March 11, 2018 .
  3. ↑ UmweltAtlas Bayern: digital geological map of Bavaria 1: 25,000 (dGK25). Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on November 4, 2018 .
  4. ↑ BayernAtlas: Overview soil map of Bavaria 1: 25,000. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, Bavarian Surveying Administration, accessed on November 3, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Climate. Climate-Data.org, accessed November 4, 2018 .
  6. ↑ So Kleinschwarzenlohe on the website wendelstein.de. According to F. Eigler, p. 337, first mentioned in 1362 as "Schwerczenloh" and "Nehern Schwerczenloh".
  7. ↑ a b F. Eigler, p. 401. There is incorrectly mentioned 24 properties.
  8. ↑ a b c Eduard Vetter (Hrsg.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 236 ( digitized version ). According to the historical municipality register , the municipality had 385 inhabitants.
  9. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 475f.
  10. ↑ a b c Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 824 ( digitized version ).
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 733 .
  12. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments, Bavaria I: Franconia . Ed .: Dehio Vereinigung eV 2nd edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag (DKV), 1999, ISBN 978-3-422-03051-0 , p. 524 f .
  13. ↑ Alte Linde, Kleinschwarzenlohe press report on nordbayern.de from May 15, 2010. Retrieved on January 9, 2015.
  14. ↑ a b Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses , and from 1871 to 1987 as residential buildings.
  15. ↑ a b Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkreise according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 48 ( digitized version ). For the community of Kleinschwarzenlohe plus the residents and buildings of Königshammer (p. 49), Langenlohe (p. 52), Neuses (p. 63), Zollhaus (p. 107).
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 184 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized ).
  17. ↑ a b Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1086-1087 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digital copy ).
  18. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1252 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized ). Kleinschwarzenlohe: 192 inhabitants; All Saints' Day: 8 E.
  19. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1187 ( digitized version ). Kleinschwarzenlohe: 186 inhabitants, 33 residential buildings; All Saints' Day: 12 E., 2 Wgb.
  20. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1259-1260 ( digitized version ). Kleinschwarzenlohe: 174 residents, 33 residential buildings; All Saints' Day: 11 E., 2 Wgb.
  21. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1297 ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1125 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 180 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 349 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ Press report Kohlbauerhaus 2014 Schwabacher Tageblatt of February 8, 2014
  26. ↑ Press report Meier magazine
  27. ↑ a b c press report Nordbayern.de 10/2015