Ravensbrück
Ravensbrück is a residential area in the city of Fürstenberg / Havel in the north of the state of Brandenburg . Before it was incorporated into Fürstenberg on October 15, 1950, Ravensbrück was an independent municipality . During the National Socialist era, the concentration camp of the same name was located in Ravensbrück . In 1959, the Ravensbrück memorial was opened at the former storage location .
geography
Ravensbrück is part of the historical Uckermark landscape and has been part of the Brandenburg territories since the Peace of Wittstock in 1442 . Naturally , Ravensbrück is located in the Neustrelitzer Kleinseenland in the Mecklenburg Lake District .
The central location of Ravensbrück is on the north-west bank of the Schwedtsee at the confluence of the Hegenstein river. It extends along the northern section of the Unter den Linden street and the western section of the Ravensbrücker Dorfstraße. The area of the former municipality of Ravensbrück occupies the northern part of what is now the district -free core area of the city of Fürstenberg. It includes the Fürstenberg residential areas, Forsthaus Altthymen and Neuthymen, as well as the Großer Schwaberowsee , the Thymensee , part of the Schwedtsee through which the Havel flows, and some smaller lakes. The border between the municipality of Ravensbrück and the original Mecklenburg urban area of Fürstenberg , which existed until 1950 , ran from Röblinsee along the forest road to Schwedtsee.
The former municipality borders in the north on the municipality of Godendorf in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and the Fürstenberg district of Altthymen , in the east on the municipality of Wokuhl-Dabelow in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and the Fürstenberg district of Himmelpfort , in the south on the original urban area of Fürstenberg and in the west to the Fürstenberg district of Steinförde and the municipality of Priepert in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
Today the area is accessible by bike and a. Can be reached via the Berlin – Copenhagen cycle route .
history
Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
The place was first mentioned in writing in 1273, when the city of Lychen was granted the customs rights “bet up raves brucke vor Furstenberge” (German translation from the 16th century). In 1679 the name was first mentioned in its current form. Ravensbrück is located on the field mark of the village of Garlin , which was part of the original equipment of the Himmelpfort monastery in 1299 and fell into desolation in the 14th century . In 1358 the monastery sold the Feldmark to Fürstenberg and received it back in 1440.
Before 1727, the Lord of Badingen and Himmelpfort , who had been in the feudal possession of the secularized monastery estates since the 16th century, had the Ravensbrück dairy built on the Feldmark . A preliminary work was created with a brewery, jug and residential buildings. In 1727 the Vorwerk Ravensbrück fell with the rest of Badingen and Himmelpfort as a settled fiefdom to the Elector of Brandenburg and from then on belonged to the Badingen office . In 1752/53 a street village on the way to Fürstenberg for colonists from Mecklenburg was created. There was a tar furnace between 1769 and 1837 .
Recent history
By 1800 the colonist village had reached the city wall of Fürstenberg and comprised 40 houses; there were 20 Havel boatmen among the inhabitants. In 1815 the Badingen office was dissolved and Ravensbrück was subordinate to the Zehdenick office until it was dissolved in 1872 . As part of the Prussian reforms , Ravensbrück came from the Uckermärkischer Kreis to the newly formed Templin district in the province of Brandenburg in 1816/18 . On the border between the Prussian Ravensbrück and the city of Fürstenberg, which belongs to the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , from 1826, two-year grocery markets were held, at which Brandenburg craftsmen sold their goods to the Mecklenburg rural population. These markets were held at least until the customs border was abolished in 1867. A lime kiln was built in 1872 . Since 1877 the Berlin Northern Railway and since 1899 the Britz – Fürstenberg railway ran through the Ravensbrück area, initially without a separate train station for the town.
In 1900 at the latest, the colonists' village formed the rural community of Ravensbrück with an area of 85 hectares. In addition, there was the Ravensbrück manor with a demarcation area of 238 hectares. There was also a Ravensbrück forester's house in the Neuthymen Forst manor. The rural community and manor districts belonged to the Neuthymen district . Ecclesiastically Ravensbrück belonged to the Prussian Uniate Church . Since 1900, the church in charge was the church in Altthymen, seven kilometers away . To prevent the Ravensbrückers from visiting the nearby Mecklenburg-Lutheran church in Fürstenberg instead , a church was built in Ravensbrück in 1907/08. The church was designed by Georg Büttner and consisted of a nave in the shape of an irregular octagon with a hipped mansard roof , tower and choir . Since 1912 the Ravensbrück church was a daughter church of Rutenberg, since 1916 of Himmelpfort. At a later point in time, but not before 1950, the church was divorced and then used as a residential building.
Weimar Republic and National Socialism
At least since the First World War , Ravensbrück had close economic ties with Fürstenberg. Around 1924 the Märkische motor vehicle factory Carl Knöllner existed in Ravensbrück . The Ravensbrück manor district was incorporated into the Ravensbrück community in 1928. In 1929 parts of the Neuthymen Forst estate came to Ravensbrück. In 1931 the community included the Oberförstereigehöft Neuthymen, Bahnmeistereigehöft Ravensbrück, Forsthaus Altthymen and Forsthaus Ravensbrück. In the same year the municipality had a district area of 289 ha. In 1936 a branch from the Britz – Fürstenberg railway to a railway ferry across the Havel between Ravensbrück (northern pier) and Fürstenberg (southern pier) was put into operation. Reichsstraße 96 (today Bundesstraße 96 ) ran through Ravensbrück at the latest since 1937. In 1942 Ravensbrück received a train station ( location ) on the Britz – Fürstenberg railway line.
In 1938/39 the Schutzstaffel (SS) set up the Ravensbrück concentration camp on the northeast bank of the Schwedtsee as the largest concentration camp (KZ) for women in the so-called German Altreich . As a result, a housing estate for the SS guards and production facilities were built in which prisoners had to do forced labor . In 1941 a camp for men was added. In 1942, the Uckermark concentration camp was established in the immediate vicinity as a youth concentration camp for girls and young women, as well as the Siemens camp in Ravensbrück . On April 30, 1945, the Red Army took Ravensbrück and freed the remaining inmates of the concentration camps. The death toll at the Ravensbrück concentration camp is estimated at 25,000 to 40,000 people.
Soviet occupation zone and GDR
The group of Soviet occupation troops in Germany used the former concentration camp and SS housing estate as a garrison from 1945 onwards . In the course of the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone in Ravensbrück in 1948, an area of 157 hectares was expropriated and divided.
After Fürstenberg and the Fürstenberger Werder were reclassified from the state of Mecklenburg to the Brandenburg district of Templin on July 1, 1950 , the municipality of Ravensbrück was incorporated into the city of Fürstenberg on October 15, 1950 with 1,078 inhabitants.
In the course of the incorporation, there was a dispute over the future name of Fürstenberg. During the negotiations on the incorporation, the city and municipality had decided to rename it Fürstenberg-Ravensbrück. However, this was not implemented. The Brandenburg Ministry of the Interior subsequently pushed for the name Ravensbrück to be used as a memorial . In January 1951 the city council of Fürstenberg decided to rename the city Ravensbrück. As a result, a collection of signatures against the renaming was initiated in the city, which 3185 of the 7660 inhabitants joined. In December 1951, the name was finally renamed.
In 1959, the Ravensbrück memorial site was set up in a section of the former concentration camp . Until at least 1971 Ravensbrück was an official district of Fürstenberg.
Around 1989/90 the 118th Brigade Material Seizure ( Supply Brigade ) and the 60th Motorized Rifle Regiment ( Red Banner ) of the Soviet Western Group of Troops were stationed in Ravensbrück .
Reunified Germany
In 1993/94 the formerly Soviet, now Russian troops were withdrawn from Ravensbrück. The Ravensbrück train station was closed in 1996. The Ravensbrück Youth Hostel was opened in 2002 as an international youth meeting place in the former SS housing estate .
The district status has now been lifted and Ravensbrück is a residential area of the city of Fürstenberg.
Population development
The following table shows the population development of the municipality of Ravensbrück between 1875 and 1950 in the area of the respective year:
| year | Deadline | population |
|---|---|---|
| 1875 | 01.12. | 466 |
| 1890 | 01.12. | 509 |
| 1910 | 01.12. | 622 |
| 1925 | 16.06. | 771 |
| 1933 | 16.06. | 764 |
| 1939 | 05/17 | 783 |
| 1946 | 29.10. | 937 |
| 1950 | 08/31 | 1078 |
Personalities
Prisoners and staff of the Ravensbrück concentration camp can be found in the category prisoners in the Ravensbrück concentration camp and in the personnel category in the Ravensbrück concentration camp .
literature
- Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part VIII. Uckermark. M-Z . Klaus D. Becker, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-88372-036-4 , section Ravensbrück , p. 797–800 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- Geographical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (Hrsg.): The Rheinsberg-Fürstenberger Seengebiet. Results of the local history inventory in the areas of Zechlin, Rheinsberg, Fürstenberg and Himmelpfort (= values of our homeland . Volume 25 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1974, DNB 750097159 , section Ravensbrück , p. 150-154 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Ravensbrück in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ravensbrück on the historical map of the German Empire (1902–48); with today's district boundaries. (No longer available online.) In: brandenburg-viewer. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg , formerly in the original ; accessed on January 15, 2015 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Ravensbrück on the digital topographic map 1: 25,000; with administrative and district boundaries. (No longer available online.) In: brandenburg-viewer. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg , formerly in the original ; accessed on January 15, 2015 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Zehdenick – Fürstenberg | Berlin – Copenhagen. Retrieved May 14, 2017 .
- ^ Municipal directory of the Templin district. Status: January 1, 1908. In: Territorial changes in Germany and German-administered areas 1874–1945. Rolf Jehke, August 5, 2005, accessed on August 24, 2014 .
- ^ A b State enterprise for data processing and statistics Land Brandenburg (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register of the Land Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Oberhavel (= contribution to the statistics . Volume 19.7 ). Potsdam 2006 ( statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de [PDF; 300 kB ]).
- ↑ Wolfgang Blöß: upheaval and names. Place name policy in Brandenburg 1945–1952 . In: Yearbook for the history of Central and Eastern Germany . tape 55 , 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23204-6 , pp. 166–230, here: 218 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Location database of the National People's Army, the border troops of the GDR and the Soviet (Russian) armed forces in the GDR. Military History Research Office , accessed on September 6, 2014 .
- ^ City of Fürstenberg / Havel. In: service.brandenburg.de. The service portal of the state administration. State government of Brandenburg , January 6, 2014, accessed on August 24, 2014 .
Coordinates: 53 ° 11 ′ 31 ″ N , 13 ° 8 ′ 37 ″ E