Ring road
As ring road (sometimes ring road ) is generally a road called that nearly ring leads to a town or village and the old urban core of their circle suburbs clarified. The term extends to other outer rings outside the more modern city center .
Historic ring roads
In the 19th century, ring roads were often built in place of former city fortifications , which had become obsolete due to the urban growth process of the city and were considered a traffic obstacle. The corresponding French name Boulevard etymologically refers to the German word Bollwerk . The Napoleonic de-fortification dictates also played a certain role in the creation of such road rings.
The most famous road rings of this type are located in:
- Bordeaux (the courses that may have influenced Georges-Eugène Haussmann )
- Budapest ( Nagykörút )
- Frankfurt am Main (ring roads of the Anlagenring and the Alleenring )
- Moscow (ring roads of the Boulevard Ring and the Garden Ring )
- Munich ( Altstadtring )
- Paris ( Grands Boulevards )
- Beijing ( 2nd Ring Road )
- Vienna ( Ringstrasse )
There are other road rings that were created in the 19th century in the following cities and in numerous other cities.
- Braunschweig ( city ring )
- Dortmund
- Dusseldorf
- Erfurt ( city ring )
- Graz
- Hamburg ( Ring 1 )
- Klagenfurt
- Cologne ( rings )
- Landau in the Palatinate
- Leipzig ( inner city ring )
- Mannheim (see Quadratestadt )
- Recklinghausen ( Wallring )
- Timișoara
- Wiesbaden ( Ringstrasse )
Nowadays, numerous smaller or residential streets are also named Ringstrasse, such as the ring roads in Grünau and Templin that were built during the GDR era .
Ring motorways and other outer rings
A more modern variant of the ring road is the ring road, which surrounds a city or a metropolitan area in a larger radius. Are known u. a .:
- Berlin ( Bundesautobahn 10 )
- Dortmund ( motorway ring )
- Giessen ( Giessener Ring )
- Cologne ( motorway ring )
- Moscow (outer ring road MKAD as well as the third and the planned fourth traffic ring )
- Munich ( Bundesautobahn 99 and the mostly autobahn-like Bundesstraße 2 R , Mittlere Ring, within Munich)
- Paris ( Boulevard périphérique )
- Beijing ( 5th Ring Road )
- Prague ( D0 ring road )
- Rome ( Autostrada A90 )
- Vienna ( outer ring motorway A21 )
- Vienna ( outer ring expressway S1 )
In Nuremberg , according to plans by Hermann Jansen from the 1920s to 1993, the Nürnberger Ring was created in several stages, a bypass of the inner city areas that was declared a federal road . This is not to be confused with the old town ring , which leads along the medieval city wall around the districts of St. Lorenz and St. Sebald .
Island road rings
A special ring road are the surrounding roads of the islands, for example the Hringvegur (German ring road ), the main traffic connection in Iceland with a total length of 1339 km. It runs around the main part of the island, excluding the Westfjords. The interior of the island is only sparsely populated.
Other ring roads
The Afghan Ring Road connects most of the major cities in Afghanistan .
Transmitting masts that carry a shield antenna are sometimes surrounded by a ring road so that the anchoring foundations of the ring antenna cables can be reached quickly if necessary. Such ring roads are usually not open to the public.
