Salt production on the Staßfurter Sattel
| Staßfurt salt mines | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| Mining technology | Underground mining | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Fiscal and Union Owners | ||
| Start of operation | 1857 | ||
| End of operation | 1972 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Rock salt / potash salts | ||
| Rock salt | |||
| Younger and older rock salt | |||
| Mightiness | differently | ||
| Raw material content | very different, up to 98 NaCl% | ||
| Greatest depth | mine different | ||
| Potash Salts | |||
| Degradation of | Potash Salts | ||
| Kalifloz Staßfurt | |||
| Mightiness | differently | ||
| Raw material content | very different, up to 28 K 2 O% | ||
| Greatest depth | mine different | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 51 '10.1 " N , 11 ° 34' 58.8" E | ||
|
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| Location | Staßfurt | ||
| local community | Staßfurt | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Salzlandkreis | ||
| country | State of Saxony-Anhalt | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | North Harz Potash District | ||
The salt was collected on Staßfurter saddle ranges demonstrably far back as the 8th century. The underground of the urban area of Staßfurt is formed by a geological anticline structure , the Staßfurt-Egelner-Rogensteinsattel , to which the salt deposits are bound. The region around Staßfurt on the southern edge of the Magdeburger Börde is considered the cradle of global potash mining .
Potash salts, formerly also known as "Staßfurt salts", are largely processed into fertilizers and have therefore been of great importance for agriculture for over a century and a half .
Overview
Geological and hydrogeological conditions on the Staßfurter Sattel
The bulge of rock and salt layers of the Staßfurt-Egelner-Rogenstein- saddle is subdivided into two sub-areas, which are given by the different spatial orientation of the geological layers. This clear change in strike direction defines on the one hand the Staßfurter Sattel running from NW to SE and the Egelner Sattel running northwest from WNW to ESE . Regionally, the Staßfurt-Egelner Sattel belongs to the depression of the northern Harz foreland, a depression structure in the western part of the Saxon-Thuringian plaice . Within this depression mainly sedimentary rocks of the Zechstein , the Mesozoic and partially the Cenozoic occur.
During the movement of parts of the Earth's crust ( upper chalk - tertiary time faulting ), which in connection with the folding of the Alps is in the south, due to salt hike one to wider to two kilometers, non-ferrous in the underground of the space Staßfurt vergenter narrow saddle . While the saddle core was being lifted out, deep peripheral depressions formed on the flanks of the salt structure . The halokinetic uplift of the salt in the saddle core continues to the present and is compensated by the geogenic and mining-related underground leaching . In the course of recent geological history, an 80 to 120 m thick gypsum hat formed in the upper area of the saddle structure .
Potash and rock salts of the Zechstein were mined in the deposits around Staßfurt . The formation of the deposit shows a 10–20 m thick carnallite deposit , which is overlaid by a 4–10 m thick salt clay cover , followed by the main anhydrite in varying thicknesses . The hanging layers are formed by the younger Zechsteingebirge and the Buntsandstein . In the area of the summit of the saddle, the carnallite was mostly converted into kainite by the action of surface water . The dip of the potash deposit is regular and amounts to about 15 °. Both saddle flanks are very similar. In the southeast, the Staßfurt-Egelner-Rogensteinsattel merges into the so-called Bernburger Sattel , from which it is separated by the transverse Osmarslebener Mulde . On Bernburger saddle that builds rock salt mine Bernburg Leine rock salt from (Zechstein 3).
The deposit, designated here for the first time as the Staßfurt potash seam , has the average composition: 55% carnallite (K 2 O content 9–10%), 26% rock salt, 17% kieserite and 2% clay and anhydrite .
The layers overlying the saline (red sandstone, anhydrite or gypsum ) are highly water-bearing due to their porosity , fissures and gaps . As early as October 1899, the hydraulic engineering inspector Bramigk provided evidence through dyeing tests and biological-microscopic examinations as well as measurements of fallen precipitation that the rivers Bode and Liethe crossing the Staßfurter Sattel had hydraulic connections to the water or saline solutions flowing into the pits of the Leopoldshall mine .
| modern structure of the basement | historical structure of the basement | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Clods | Disruptions | Hopper | Saddles |
| Harz north rim fault, southern boundary of the subhercyneal depression |
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| Halberstadt-Blankenburger plaice on the SW edge of the subhercyneal depression |
Blankenburger Mulde, Halberstädter Mulde |
Quedlinburg saddle | |
| Halberstadt fault zone | Fallstein , Huy , Hakel , Ascherslebener Sattel | ||
| Oschersleben-Bernburger plaice | Güstener Mulde | ||
| Aller disturbance zone, Koethen disturbance | Staßfurt saddle, Egelner saddle, Oschersleben-Offleben saddle | ||
| Weferlingen-Schönebecker Scholle in the center of the subhercyneal depression |
Bernburger Mulde, Schönebecker Mulde | ||
| Zechstein overburden of the Flechtingen-Roßlauer Scholle and NW continuation of the Haldensleben fault, northern boundary of the subhercyneal depression |
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Geological section through the Staßfurter Sattel.
Formation of the SW flank in the area of the shafts vdHeydt / v. Manteuffel
Geological 3D model of the Staßfurt saddle
The Staßfurt salt works
Mining for gold, silver, copper, lead and many other minerals including the processing and processing of these mineral resources as well as the saltworks have been documented since the Middle Ages and early modern times . So the question arises as to why mining on potash salts has only been taking place for a century and a half.
The town of Staßfurt, first mentioned in a document in 806, is closely linked to the production of salt from a saltworks. It is assumed that the old Staßfurt castle, which stood next to the old salt works, was originally built to protect the naturally emerging salt springs , which "gushed" on both sides of the Bode.
The Staßfurt saltworks came into Prussian possession in 1797 .
“Through thorough rationalization measures, such as the demolition of the many existing small boiling houses and the concentration of the boiling operation in a new boiling house that was put into operation in 1801, the state tried to increase the efficiency of the saltworks again and to maintain the operation that followed as before formed the main source of income for the Staßfurt population. For the sole elevation, the ancient horse art (horse göpel ) that was only necessary repaired was retained. Since the brine contained only 17% table salt or 200 g / liter was relatively weak, it should have been enriched. The plan considered in 1817 to enlarge the saltworks further and to build a graduation house was, however, dropped again, probably due to lack of funds, in order to later obtain a perfect, highly saturated brine in a completely new way, the way of drilling. It is thanks to the creator of the Saxon salt pans, Bergrat Borlach , who died in 1768, to have been the first to suggest that where there are brine springs, there must also be salt underground. The view was later confirmed by the drilling of rock salt deposits in southern Germany and, in 1837, also in Artern. [Sic] "
The first drilling for salt
In 1839, the sinking of a deep borehole began on the salt works in Staßfurt . After twelve years of drilling, this well was stopped in 1851 at a depth of 581 m in rock salt. However, the "bitter-tasting" brine extracted from this borehole contained, to the general disappointment, a large amount of undesirable additions (including potassium chloride ). One had the choice either to abandon the borehole or to use it as a pilot hole for a shaft through which the required pure rock salt for brine enrichment could be extracted separately . Ultimately, the decision was made to sink two shafts lying close to each other (Teufbeginn shaft “ von der Heydt ” on December 4, 1851; Teufbeginn shaft “ von Manteuffel ” on February 9, 1852).
When the groundbreaking ceremony for the sinking of a new salt shaft took place, none of those present suspected the far-reaching significance of this company.
Opening of the Staßfurt salt mine on January 31, 1852 (based on an old lithograph)
The world's first potash shafts "von Manteuffel" and "von der Heydt".
Damming the cracked / fissured anhydrite to the drowning pit field "Leopoldshall".
Breakthrough of salt solutions from the “Leopoldshall” mine into the “Agatheschacht” mine workings.
Finding the carnallite
The tapped rock salt was so contaminated by admixtures of clay , anhydrite, but also carnallite, that the clean rock salt was laboriously extracted by hand . The carnallite chunks that were withstood - known as overburden salt since their discovery - were taken to the surface and piles up.
This stockpile of "waste salt" had meanwhile grown to about 12,000 quintals (1857); There were also interested parties who tried to use this for fertilization purposes. The aim was to separate the magnesia from the potash salts. Adolph Frank demonstrated on the basis of detailed chemical tests that the main obstacle to the agricultural use of carnallite as a fertilizer was the presence of magnesium chloride . He concluded that the utilization of these salts for technical and agricultural purposes could only be made possible by further processing (concentration) or by removing the magnesium chloride contained therein.
“However, concerns were raised against the mining of the overburden salts, both at the mine and saltworks inspection, and at the Oberbergamte, because they feared that the decomposition of the easily soluble salts could pose a threat to the operations that were immediately followed by the rock salt. Only the efforts of the then chief of the mining administration, Krug von Nidda 's, erwirkten the authorization by the trade minister (Decree of 13 November 1858), the waste salts by a crosscut unlock. When it but with this cross Schlage a saturated brine and gassy erschrot, you put the operation quickly again and wanted to proceed with Verdämmungsarbeiten, the only reason was because the inflows instantly reduced again. As a result of this incident, the exploration work was postponed for another 1½ years. "
In secondary literature, the extraction of carnallitite is often incorrectly dated to the year 1861. After John Westphal , who proved as Bergassessor belonged to the "Mountain inspection to Staßfurt" and had access to its archives, this first extraction and promotion works date from carnallite to the year 1859th
According to plan, after the lye or methane inflow described above , the carnallite extraction chamber for extraction chamber was extracted from 1861 - leaving safety pillars standing . The empty funded workings were then with senior rock salt added . But when potash prices fell by almost half as a result of overproduction around 1865, the additional costs of an offset could no longer be afforded.
In 1861 the first potash factory was put into operation in Staßfurt; In 1862 the first crude sulfuric acid potash came on the market. Because of the freight conditions, people soon learned to concentrate potash fertilizers for more distant areas, and as early as 1863 Frank brought the first concentrated potash fertilizer in the form of potassium chloride with a content of 50 and 80% on the market.
Building on this experience, industrial fertilizer production developed very quickly.
The so-called Staßfurter Berggeschrey could be heard everywhere .
A rapid development began, in the course of which many pits and factories for the extraction of potash salts and their processing were founded in Germany by the turn of the century. By July 1, 1907, there were already 58 fully operational potash shafts and 31 shafts were being sunk. The shaft depth varied between 225 m (Brefeld shaft of the Royal Mining Inspectorate in Staßfurt) and 927 m (Siegfried I shaft of the trade union of the same name near Salzderhelden).
Further start-ups
The mine of the Prussian Treasury ( vd Heydt / v. Manteuffel ) lined up on the southwest flank of the Staßfurt saddle :
On the part of the Anhalt Treasury : Incontrast to the Kingdom of Prussia, there was no salt production monopoly in the neighboring principalities of Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Bernburg . So requested u. a. the entrepreneur Sigrist and themayorof Wahrenbrück Haase granted appropriate concessions. The latter built theLeopoldshall salt works on the Ritterflur near Staßfurt in 1855/56. In 1857 the Dessau government took over the "Haasesche Saline" and, in cooperation with the Bernburg government, carried out a drilling that reached rock salt at a depth of 480 feet (150.65 m). On July 1, 1858, the sinking of two shafts, the Leopoldshall I and II shafts, began. They were already completed in 1861, so that the extraction of potash salts could begin in 1862. In 1873 the salt works, which had been running until then, were stopped.
The Neustaßfurt union :
| "Neustaßfurt" union. |
|---|
|
[…] “ Owner: Above union Board of Directors: Consul a. D. Stengel in Staßfurt. Representative: Kommerzienrat Besserer in Staßfurt. Number of kuxe : 1000. Number of shafts: 3 (shaft “Hammacher” and “Agathe” near Löderburg, shaft IV, reserve facility, near Rothenförde). Average production per day: 200 tons of rock salt and 900 tons of potash salts. Processing plants: potassium chloride, caustic potash and potash factory. [...] Sidings after the Staßfurt and Löderburg stations. Operating equipment: electrical center for power and light. Management: Mine director Hoben in Löderburg. Operations manager: Mining inspector Hermes, machine foreman Zöhe in Löderburg. Average number of workers: 1080 men. Member of the Kali Syndicate [sic]. Comment: regarding the number of shafts: 3: This is the entry in the "Yearbook of German Brown Coal, Coal and Potash Industry ”from 1907 (further shafts are listed below). The Neu-Staßfurt union sacked a total of 8 daily shafts. Starting with the “Agathe” shaft, the “Hammacher” and “Weather shaft III” shafts followed. After these systems were drowned in 1912, shafts IV to VIII remained or were sunk. The sinking of the latter, "Shaft VIII", began in 1913; but this work stopped in the spring of 1914. Here are drawings / photos of some shaft systems and underground views:
|
Other mining operations - documented on the northeast flank of the Staßfurt saddle - were:
| "Ludwig II" union. |
|---|
|
[…] “ Owner: Above union. Representative: Bergrat Neubauer in Staßfurt-Leopoldshall. Number of kuxe : 1000. Enclosure: "Ludwig II" near Staßfurt. Number of bays: 2 Average production per day: 210 t rock salt and 500 t potash salts. [...] Processing plants: potassium chloride, caustic potash and potash factory. Connecting track : to Staßfurt station. Operating facilities: chain lift, cable car, electrical center for power and light. Operator : Obersteiger Pallas and engineer Priggert in Staßfurt. Average number of workers: 550 men. Member of the Kali Syndicate [sic]. |
Here are the so-called "reserve mines" - created shortly before or after some of the facilities on the southwest flank of the Staßfurt-Egelner-Rogensteinsattel were drowned:
| On the part of the Royal Prussian Treasury. |
|---|
|
Owner: Royal Prussian Treasury. Representative: Royal Mining Inspection Staßfurt. Director: Secret Bergrat clerk in Staßfurt. Number of shafts: 4 (Berlepsch and Maybach shafts near Staßfurt, Brefeld shafts I and II near Tarthun ). Average production per day: 260 tons of rock salt and 950 tons of potash salts. Processing plants: 2 chlorinated potassium plants, production of chlorinated potassium, fertilizer salts, sulphate of potash, block kieserite, sulphate of potassium magnesia and bromine. Sidings to Staßfurt and Tarthun. Operating facilities: chain conveyor, electrical center for power and light, electr. Locomotive conveyance underground. Operator: Königl. Obersteiger Unger in Staßfurt and Königl. Obersteiger Großhaus in Tarthun. Average number of workers: 925 men. Member of the Kali Syndicate [sic]. |
| On the part of the Anhalt Treasury. |
|---|
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[...] " Owner: Anhalt Treasury . Representative: Ducal Salt Works Directorate Leopoldshall. Head: Oberbergrat Gante in Leopoldshall, also Operations management: Mine director Middeldorf in Leopoldshall. Facilities: "Shaft III" near Rathmannsdorf, "Friedrichshall" near Hohenerxleben. Average production per day: 1176.62 t. Processing plants: salt mill. The Anhalt special factories: Concordia, chem. Factory on stocks; Society. chem. Factories, joint stock companies; chemical factory Friedrichshütte in Leopoldshall. Production in 1905: 139 164.57 t of kainite and sylvinite , 4787.20 t of carnallite and mountain kieserite (+ 146 382.19 quintals to the factories for further processing), 31.80 t of boracite . Potassium chlorine, sulphate, fertilizer salt, bromine, block gravel is produced by the special factories. [...] Sidings to Staßfurt and Güsten stations. Operating facilities: chain conveyor, electrical center for power and light, electr. Locomotive conveyance underground. Operational manager: Raabe mountain manager in Leopoldshall. Average number of workers: 1063 men. Member of the Kali Syndicate [sic]. |
| Unfinished shafts of the Prussian treasury . |
|---|
 The year 1858 brought a brisk demand for rock salt. Structural expansions to the daytime facilities on the old Kokturhof, which in any case already reached as far as the Mühlengraben, were no longer available, so that one looked around for another shaft starting point in the city area. The choice fell on
Seven years later, when the demand for potash salts grew and even the installation of a two-day cage on the “v. Manteuffel-Schacht “could no longer meet the demand for crude salts for the factory operation, the management of the Royal Prussian Salt Works entrusted the entrepreneur Emmerson with the sinking of a new shaft not far from the aforementioned one.
. In August 1867 this undertaking was given up again and the shaft that had been started was filled. The Prussian mining administration immediately decided to sink another shaft, the “Köppen shaft”. The planning preparations dragged on because it was planned to connect the new shaft area to the railway network that passed here. The first groundbreaking at the shaft therefore took place in 1872 on the site of the later soda factory on the Löderburg railway line. But here, too, the water inflow in the red sandstone was so strong that it was technically impossible to pump it out. The Köppenschacht had to be abandoned at a depth of 46.1 m. |
Below is an overview of subsequent company restructuring or setting:
| Later name changes / closures. |
|---|
|
[…] " 1921: The Neustaßfurt trade union merges with “Friedrichshall AG Sehnde” to form “Kaliwerke Neustaßfurt-Friedrichshall AG”. 1924: Takeover of the "Staßfurt State Salt Works" by the "Preußische Bergwerks- und Hütten AG". The "Berginspektion Staßfurt" is renamed "Kaliwerk Staßfurt". 1928: The “Kaliwerke Neustaßfurt-Friedrichshall AG” merges with the “Rehnania-Kunheim-Vereinigung chemischer Fabriken AG” to form “Kali-Chemie-AG”. 1929: Takeover of the "Anhaltische Salzwerke GmbH" by the "Preußische Bergwerks- und Hütten AG". These included the “Friedrichshall I / II” mine, which promotes carnallite, its chlorine potassium factory and the “Concordia” chemical factory. 1929: Carnallite production on the "Friedrichshall I / II" mine is discontinued and the potassium chloride factory is closed. Rock salt mining is stopped in 1936. 1935: The "Ludwig II" pits were used for the war economy to store army equipment, "Friedrichshall" as a large tank farm for fuels and "Brefeld I / II" for storing ammunition. 1945: Berlepsch-Meybach, Achenbachfabrik, Löderburg lignite mine, Concordia chemical factory and the disused Brefeld mine near Tarthun as the factory of the former “Prussian Mining and Huts AG Berlin” are sequestered by SMAD orders. 1946: The above-mentioned companies are taken over by the Soviet AG for Fertilizers. 1947: Connection of the Neustaßfurt salt mine to the Saxony-Anhalt industrial works. 1948: The Staßfurt potash plant belongs to the "Association of People's Own Enterprises (VVB) Potash and Salts" Halle. 1949: The Neustaßfurt salt mine is incorporated into the "Association of People's Own Enterprises (VVB) Potash and Salts" Halle. 1949: The dewatering on the "Friedrichshall I / II" mine is stopped due to the hopelessness of being able to save the mine from drowning. The first lye inflows had already occurred above the 1st level at the end of 1934. 1949: The dewatering in shaft I of the "Ludwig II" mine, which was carried out above ground via a pipeline, is discontinued due to technical difficulties. From then on, the pit water that accumulates is brought to the surface in trolleys via shaft 2. 1950: Incorporation of the Neustaßfurt salt mine into the Staßfurt potash plant. 1954: Carnallite production ceased at the “Berlepsch-Maybach” mine. The underground line to the Achenbachfabrik, which was built between 1900 and 1902, is temporarily closed. 1956: The Klein-Schierstedt potash plant is connected to the Staßfurt potash plant. 1958 :: The Klein-Schierstedt potash plant is shut down. |
See also:
Potash salt extraction and its consequences
The degradation of the salts was not without serious consequences for the integrity of the surface. In a mining history, Allendorf described in detail the negative effects of the “inexperienced” mining of salt deposits on the surface of the surface and on the neighboring pits, and added photo documentation of the open breaks .
“The potash salts were initially mined in such a way that they were mined without any offset in the first few years. The safety pillars in connection with 5 m thick floats, which also remained standing as protective strips between the individual floors , were seen as sufficient support for the hanging wall of the empty ridges . After 15 years of this dismantling method, especially on Leopoldshall I and II, there were signs that the pillars and levitation were no longer sufficiently secure. The pillars gradually began to burst and the hanging wall gave way. Since the mining was only at a shallow depth , around 230 m, subsidence and successes above ground soon became apparent. In 1879 the first collapse of around 20,000 m² of mining area occurred. The clay followed, and small amounts of lye initially poured into the mine workings from the breakpoints. The escaping lye, the amount of which is 30 l / min. stated came from the anhydrite and were saturated with magnesium chloride. The collapses gradually spread to the southern field of the pits, and finally the hanging anhydrite ceiling broke in several places. It was observed that the main anhydrite, which was believed to be quite solid and tight, was riddled with numerous cracks and cracks. [Sic] "
The lye inflows rose massively in the following years (1899 10.5 m 3 / min). The extraction of salts could even be continued until 1900. Baumecker describes the measures taken by management in detail .
“In order to prevent the gradually rising water from entering the connecting line to the Leopoldshall III shaft, a wall dam was built into the connecting line, which was worked on for more than 1½ years. This dam is described in the magazine 'Glückauf', year 1906. It is 161.5 m long and mainly made of bricks, partly with Portland cement , partly with magnesia cement, and it consists of 16 m of Portland cement masonry, followed by a piece of magnesia cement of 47½ m, that of the subsequent 97 m long magnesia cement wall is separated by a 1 m thick wooden wall. Furthermore, asphalt layers with a thickness of 15 cm have been added in two places . "
| Shaft system | Sinking time | diameter | Height above sea level | Shaft depth |
Loose rock thickness |
location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achenbach | 1874-1876 | 4.40 m | +77.5 m | 338 m | 6.0 m | location |
| vd Heydt | 1852-1856 | 3 × 4 m | +69.4 m | 387 m | 8.0 m | location |
| v. Manteuffel | 1852-1856 | 3 × 3 m | +69.4 m | 387 m | 8.0 m | location |
| Auxiliary shaft | no information | 3 × 3 m | +69.4 m | 71 m | 8.0 m | |
| Leopoldshall I | 1856-1861 | 3 × 6 m | +72.0 m | 400 m | 6.0 m | location |
| Leopoldshall II | 1858-1861 | 3.5 × 3.5 m | +72.0 m | 400 m | 6.0 m | location |
| Leopoldshall III | 1882-1891 | 3.65-4.65 m | +78.0 m | 410 m | 4.0 m | |
| Leopoldshall III / 1 | 1881-1882 | 5.0 m | +78.0 m | 75 m | 4.0 m | |
| v. Berlepsch | location | |||||
| v. Maybach | location | |||||
| Ludwig II, shaft I | location | |||||
| Ludwig II, shaft II | location | |||||
| Friedrichshall I | location | |||||
| Friedrichshall II | location | |||||
| Neustaßfurt I (Agathe) | location | |||||
| Neustaßfurt II (Hammacher) | location | |||||
| Neustaßfurt III | location |
Regarding the subsidence in the urban area of Staßfurt, it should be noted that today's center of the city is located directly above the south-west flank of the saddle structure, on which salt was mined between 1878 and 1922. These mining pit areas were drowned as a result of the mining methods used at the time and this process led to subsidence of the surface area and several small and large day breaks. The largest of these fractures is 140 meters in diameter and 40 meters deep. The subsidence in the subsidence center already exceeds 6 m; so far, over 850 buildings have had to be demolished.
Since these subsidence also meant that parts of the urban area are now below the natural groundwater level, around 1000 m 3 of water (partly mineralized) must be pumped out every day . A hydraulic connection to the saline solutions in the mine has been proven; daily pumping initiated and will continue to initiate further subrosion.
To explain: since October 1899, dyeing experiments and a. Analytical methods - carried out by hydraulic engineering inspector Bramigk - known that the origin of the water that led to the drowning of the mine workings primarily - in addition to natural precipitation - comes from the flowing waters of Bode and Liethe.
Just as the current and future costs of reducing the effects of subrosion are not insignificant, the financial losses due to the drowning of one of the Staßfurt salt mines were also serious at the time. Mine director Franz Hoben quantified this for his mine as follows:
“Because of the water ingress from Staßfurt [starting from the Leopoldshall I / II mine] into the Neu-Staßfurt facility, 'Neu-Staßfurt' suffered enormous losses. Even the construction of the wall and the compaction work required 2,100,000.- M; the water retention systems 1,200,000.- M [and] the running costs of the water retention, calculated as low as 700,000.- M; together 4,000,000.- M. In addition, there are the costs of the new systems on the opposite wing [i.e. on the north-east flank of the Staßfurt saddle, the shafts Neu-Staßfurt IV, V etc.] with 4,350,000.- M. , so that the immediate loss, which 'Neu-Staßfurt suffered as a result of the drowning of its old shafts, amounts to 8,350,000.- M'. "
Perspective development on the Staßfurter Sattel
Two aspects are of particular importance: the development of mining and public safety in the urban area of Staßfurt as well as the further use of the existing geopotential.
A press release from the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) Hanover from November 18, 2010, states that Staßfurt is no longer a mining area.
Second, it can be assumed for the next few decades that the extraction of rock salt on the Staßfurter Sattel for further processing in the Staßfurt soda factory is guaranteed. Not through underground mining, but from above ground through brine (so-called brine mining). Here, in the “Solfeld Neustaßfurt”, fresh water is pumped into the underground rock salt deposit and the rock salt is thus dissolved. The salty solution is pumped up and serves as a raw material for the Staßfurt soda factory.
attachment
The following information - in particular about the fixtures inside the shaft tubes, the manufacturers of the conveyor systems, etc. pp. - are of great historical value. At best, a few of this information can be found in publications, but never completely for a mine. The lists are dated to the year 1959, i.e. at the time when these pits were returned by the SMAD to the young GDR industry ( VVB Kali in Erfurt ) not so long ago .
The von Berlepsch shaft and the von Maybach shaft were named after the Prussian trade ministers Hans Hermann von Berlepsch and Albert von Maybach .
| Details of the system and the equipment of the manhole tubes "von Berlepsch", "von Maybach" and "Ludwig II shaft 2" | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name of the day shaft: | from Berlepsch | from Maybach | Ludwig II shaft 2 |
| Number of funding agencies | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| From time of devil | 1887-1892 | 1887-1892 | 1886-1892 |
| Pull-in or pull-out shaft | moving in | taking off | one u. taking off |
| Shaft diameter | 5.20 m | 5.20 m | 5.85 m |
| Shaft height above sea level | + 75.78 m | + 75.78 m | +72.20 m |
| Shaft depth | 499.0 m | 412.0 m | 628 m |
| Number of soles | 5 | 4th | 4th |
| Shaft extension | partly masonry / partly without (?) | partly masonry / partly without (?) | partly masonry / partly without (?) |
| Shaft pumping capacity : nominal capacity max./hour practical / shift |
168 t (42 train) 400 t |
Secondary shaft | disused shaft, only water pumping (status 1958) |
| Track lath dimensions (in mm) | 150 × 190 mm, 8 m long, pitch pine wood | Guide ropes, Ø 25 mm, patent lock | 130 × 235 mm, 6 m long, oak u. Pine wood |
|
Lines : Dimensions (in mm) material |
220 × 300 mm spruce wood |
160 × 180 mm pine wood |
210 × 210 mm pine wood |
| Vertical distance : a) the setting Riche b) the resting stage |
2.00 m 6.00 m |
3.00 m 6.00 m |
1.40 m 4.20 m |
| Carrier / delivery company year of construction propellant- Ø / drive track |
Friedrich-Wilhelm-Hütte Mühlheim 1923/27 traction sheave 6.0 m / direct; 412.40 m |
Gleiwitz Ironworks Office 1898; Drum 5.2 m, 2 × 1.31 widths. / direct 411.50 m |
Bernburger Maschinenfabrik 1887 drum 7.0 m, 2 × 1.32 br. / direct 498.0 m |
| Conveyor speed for load travel / for rope travel | 13/10 m / s | 8/4 m / s | 4/4 m / s |
| Payload / delivery rate per hour / max. | 4000 kg, 168 t / h | 2000 kg, 80 t / h | 1500 kg, delivery rate: not applicable |
| Conveyor motor / type of current | Steam operation | Steam operation | Steam operation |
| Volts / speed / power | Steam, 12 bar, 300 ° C; n = 41; 500 hp | Steam, 7 bar, 260 ° C; 350 hp | Steam, 5 bar, 159 ° C; 225 hp |
| Pulleys | 4.30 m, screwed and welded, without lining | 3.80 m screwed version without lining | 5.00 m screwed version without lining |
| Upper rope | 46 mm Ø, 550 m long. | 36 mm Ø, 580 m long. | 35 mm Ø, 700 m long. |
| Lower rope | 473 m 142 × 25 mm | no | 540 m 78 × 19 mm |
| Conveyor cage : |
2 floors, 2 trolleys in a row Overall dimensions: 2900 × 1000 × 4550 mm, weight 4500 kg |
1 storey, 2 trolleys in a row Overall dimensions: 2900 × 1015 × 2200 mm, weight 2230 kg |
2 storeys, 1 trolley Overall dimensions: 1580 × 856 × 4380 mm, weight 2680 kg |
| Safety gear | System White and Grant | without | System White and Grant |
| Intermediate dishes | Demag rope clamps | System Heuer | Hammer-Heuer rope clamps |
| Tram | Overall dimensions: 1240 × 872 × 1100 mm, track 600 mm, capacity 750 l, empty weight: 420–450 kg | dito | Overall dimensions: 1200/1280 × 820 × 1050 mm, track 600 mm, volume 700 l, empty weight: 380 kg |
| Coordinates | RW 4472498 HW 5747284 |
RW 4472463 HW 5747273 |
RW 4473038 HW 5746967 |
| State in 2015 | flooded covered |
dito | dito |
|
References: "Shaft registration sheets", "Addendum No. 1 v. July 14, 1959 "; Sondershausen potash archive |
dito | dito | dito |
literature
- E. Baumecker: Leopoldshall 1901: Its origin, development and importance; Report of the Chamber of Commerce in Dessau. In: Germany's potash industry. Verlag der Fachzeitung-Industrie, Berlin W 9.
- Bruno Baumert: About lye and water inflows in German potash mining . Dissertation, Aachen University of Technology, 1927. Printed by Gebr. Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1928, p. 23.
- Bruno Baumert: The lye storage in the layers of the Zechstein and their dangers for the salt mining. In: Journal of the German Geological Society. Volume 105, Berlin 1953, pp. 729-733.
- E. Beichardt: The salt mine in Staßfurt near Magdeburg. In: Nova Acta of the Kaiserlich Leopoldinisch-Carolischen German Academy of Natural Scientists Halle. Volume 27, 1860, p. 609.
- Mining Association "Staßfurt, cradle of potash mining" e. V. (Hrsg.): History of the Staßfurt salt mining and the Staßfurt potash industry in the period from 1952–2002 . 2 brochures in a slipcase. Staßfurt 2002, DNB 1129718743 .
- F. Bischof: The rock salt works near Staßfurt. 2nd Edition. CGM Pfeffer publishing house, Halle 1875.
- H. Borchert: The salt deposits of the German Zechstein. A contribution to the formation of oceanic salt deposits . (= Archive for deposit research. H. 67). Reich Office for Soil Research, Berlin 1940, DNB 578935260 .
- Otto Braitsch: Origin and stock of the salt deposits. In: Mineralogy and petrography in individual representations. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962.
- Frank Wackwitz et al: Summary of the results of the deep and shallow drilling program. In: EDDG excursion guide and publications of the German Society for Geosciences. Issue 244, pp. 32-45.
- Ernst Fulda: On the origin of the German Zechstein salts. In: Journal of the German Geological Society. Volume 75, Berlin 1923, pp. 1-13.
- Ernst Fulda: Overview of the salt deposits in Germany. In: Kali. No. 2, published by Wilhelm Knapp in Halle, January 15, 1925.
- Ernst Fulda: Handbook of the comparative stratigraphy of Germany, Zechstein . Borntraeger publishing house, Berlin 1935.
- A. Fürer: Salt mining and salt research . Vieweg & Sohn publishing house, Braunschweig 1900.
- Johannes Gerardi (Ed.): Staßfurt 2010 - Recognize, analyze, evaluate and forecast the future development of post-mining damage. Final conference of the joint research project on the dynamics of submerged or flooded salt mines and their overburden layers . (= EDDG excursion guide and publications of the German Society for Geosciences. Issue 244). (on-line)
- Werner Gimm , Gottfried Thomas: Mining process and caustic hazard in potash mining . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1959.
- Dietrich Hoffmann: Eleven decades of German potash mining . Essen 1972.
- Ernst Loock: Disused shafts - a problem for the potash industry. (= Freiberg research booklet. A. 136). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
- Siegfried Maaß: You are not lost for me even when you are abroad ... - Staßfurt - history and stories of a city. Staßfurt 1994, ISBN 3-9804054-1-9 .
- Paul Krische: THE KALI, THE RECOVERY; PROCESSING AND USE OF POTASSIUM SALT; YOUR HISTORY AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE. Part I: The history of potash salts, the development of the German potash industry and the processing of potassium in nature (potash sources). Published by Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1923.
- Leo Loewe: The mining of potash salts. In: Germany's potash mining. Commemorative publication for the X General German Miners' Days in Eisenach, 1907.
- Maenicke: Water ingress in potash mining. In: Kali magazine. 12th year, No. 6, p. 11.
- Harald Meyer: Contribution to the research of the hydrological hazard [lye hazard] from the base layers of the Stassfurt series in the southern Harz potash district . VEB German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1968.
- Günter Pinzke: Hydrogeochemical interpretation of mineral stratified water from engineering geological exploratory boreholes in the urban area of Staßfurt . Expert opinion, Council of the District of Schwerin, Geology Department, 1979. Archives of the State Office for Geology and Mining (LAGB) of the State of Saxony-Anhalt.
- Günter Pinzke: A contribution to the assessment of mining damage of disused potash and rock salt mines. Dissertation, Bergakademie Freiberg, Geotechnical and Mining Section. Freiberg 1981.
- W. Rohde: The salt storage in Staßfurt with special consideration of the manufacture of the fertilizer salts containing potash, their use and effects . Wiegandt and Hempel Publishing House, Berlin 1873.
- Friedrich Schöndorf: Anniversary publication for the 50th anniversary of the Neu-Staßfurt salt mine, 1871–1921 . Verlag Wilhelm Riemschneider, Hanover 1921.
- Rainer Slotta: Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 3: The Potash and Salt Industry. (= Publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum. 17). Bochum 1980.
- Albert Stange: 50 years of Germany's potash industry. Berlin 1911.
- Jakob Vogel: A shimmering crystal: a history of knowledge of salt between early modern times and modern times . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-15006-8 .
- Frank Wackwitz et al: Summary of the results of the deep and shallow drilling program. In: EDDG excursion guide and publications of the German Society for Geosciences. Issue 244, p. 33.
- Otto Walterspiel: 75 years of potash association. In: Potash and Rock Salt. Volume 3, 1980, pp. 71-75.
- Johannes Westphal: History of the royal salt works to Staßfurt taking into account the general development of the potash industry. Memorandum on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Staßfurt salt mining industry. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume 50, 1902, B. Treatises.
Web links
- Anne Allendorf: Mining history of the potash mines on the Staßfurter Sattel - basics . In: EDDG excursion guide and publications of the German Society for Geosciences. Issue 244, pp. 19-32.
- GeoDZ.com: The Lexicon of the Earth . http://www.geodz.com/deu/d/Subherzynes_Becken
- Lars Baumgarten: Germany's potash and rock salt pits .
- Matthias Hoffmann: Salt pits .
- Günter Pinzke: Photos of disused shafts in Saxony-Anhalt .
- Archive portal Thuringia: VEB Kombinat Kali Sondershausen. Inventory number: 6-94-3467, term: 1901–1990
- Revier Staßfurt - leeches (potash & salt) .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Frank Kowolik: The old Staßfurt. A central German industrial city in old and rare pictures. Oschersleben 1992, ISBN 3-928703-06-4 , p. 150.
- ^ Frank Wackwitz et al.: Summary of the results of the deep and shallow drilling program . In: EDDG excursion guide and publications of the German Society for Geosciences . Issue 244. Mecke, Duderstadt 2010, ISBN 978-3-86944-028-6 , pp. 33 .
- ^ Gerhard Katzung, Gerhard Ehmke: The subhercyne sink . 1993, p. 5 ( uni-halle.de [PDF; accessed on February 16, 2016] Figure 1).
- ↑ A HUNDRED YEARS OF STASSFURTER SALT MINING. Appendix to the commemorative publication published on the occasion of the centenary of the Staßfurt potash plant on the day of the miner in 1952. Kreuz-Verlag (VOB) Halle (Saale) 1952
- ↑ Johannes Westphal: History of the Royal Salt Works in Staßfurt, taking into account the general development of the potash industry. Memorandum on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Staßfurt salt mining industry. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume 50, 1902, B. Treatises, p. 17.
- ^ Journal for the mining, metallurgy and salt works in the Prussian state. Volume 50, 1902, p. 8.
- ↑ With the extinction of the princely families in Köthen in 1847 and in Bernburg in 1863, the two duchies merged to form the unified duchy of Anhalt with Dessau as the capital.
- ^ Yearbook of the German Lignite, Hard Coal and Potash Industry 1907. VII. Year, edited by Secretary B. Baak in Halle a. S., serial No. 16.
- ^ Yearbook of the German Lignite, Hard Coal and Potash Industry 1907. VII. Year, edited by Secretary B. Baak in Halle a. S., serial No. 15.
- ^ Yearbook of the German Lignite, Hard Coal and Potash Industry 1907. VII. Year, edited by Secretary B. Baak in Halle a. S., serial No. 14.
- ^ Yearbook of the German Lignite, Hard Coal and Potash Industry 1907. VII. Year, edited by Secretary B. Baak in Halle a. S., serial No. 58.
- ↑ Johannes Westphal: History of the Royal Salt Works in Staßfurt, taking into account the general development of the potash industry. Memorandum on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Staßfurt salt mining industry. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume 50, 1902, B. Treatises, p. 27.
- ↑ as a drive for piston or centrifugal pumps
- ↑ 18.6 m 3 / min
- ↑ Johannes Westphal: History of the Royal Salt Works in Staßfurt, taking into account the general development of the potash industry . Memorandum on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Staßfurt salt mining industry. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state . 50th year, 1902, B. Abhandlungen, p. 27 .
- ^ Miners' Association "Staßfurt, cradle of potash mining" e. V. (Hrsg.): History of the Staßfurt salt mining and the Staßfurt potash industry in the period from 1952–2002. 2 brochures in a slipcase. Staßfurt 2002, pp. 141-144.
- ^ Dipl.-Geologist Anne Allendorf, K-UTEC AG Salt Technologies, Am Petersenschacht 7, D-99706 Sondershausen
- ↑ Mining history of the potash mines on the Staßfurter Sattel - basics. In: EDDG excursion guide and publications of the German Society for Geosciences. Issue 244, pp. 19-32. (on-line)
- ↑ A suspension is a vertical safety pillar, ie an intact mountain area between two pit structures lying one above the other .
- ↑ Bruno Baumert: About lye and water inflows in German potash mining. Dissertation, Aachen University of Technology, 1927. Printed by Gebr. Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1928, p. 23.
- ^ E. Baumecker: Leopoldshall 1901: Its emergence, development and importance; Report of the Chamber of Commerce in Dessau. In: Germany's potash industry. Verlag der Fachzeitung-Industrie, Berlin W 9.
- ↑ Magnesia cement. Retrieved December 8, 2015 .
- ↑ Bruno Baumert: About lye and water inflows in German potash mining. Dissertation, Technical University Aachen, 1927. Printed by Gebr. Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1928, p. 24.
- ↑ Friedrich Schöndorf: Jubilee publication for the 50th anniversary of the 'Neu-Staßfurt Salt Mine' 1871–1921. Verlag Wilh. Riemschneider, Hannover 1921, p. 35.
- ↑ Research network presents results: Staßfurt is no longer a damaged mountain area. Retrieved December 8, 2015 .
- ↑ Public announcement by the State Office for Geology and Mining Saxony-Anhalt, Department 17 - Special types of procedures. (PDF) Individual assessment in accordance with Section 3c of the Environmental Impact Assessment Act (UVPG) based on the project to expand the Neustaßfurt brine field with the lowering of the BS 12 cavern - including the pipeline route. Retrieved December 8, 2015 .
- ↑ 6.13 Berlepsch-Maybach