Sighetu Marmației

Sighetu Marmației , (unofficially Sighet ; German Marmaroschsiget , Hungarian Máramarossziget , Ruthenian Sihota ) is a town in the Maramureș district in Romania on the border with Ukraine and is located in the Tisza Valley.

Sighetu Marmației is also known under the Romanian outdated name Sighetul-Maramurășului , the German Sighet and the Hungarian Sziget , which means "island" in Hungarian.

The city had about 41,600 inhabitants in 2007, in 1992 it was 44,185 inhabitants according to the census (14.8% Hungarians , 3.3% Russians ). The neighboring towns are Sarasau , Săpânța , Giuleşti , Vadu Izei , Rona de Jos and Bocicoiu Mare .

history

The Sighet region was already inhabited by humans in the Bronze Age. There was a very important connection to the Tisza valley . The first evidence of a permanent settlement date from the 11th century.

The Hungarian King Ladislaus IV settled the first Romanians there between 1272 and 1290. The Dragoă family from Maramureș was the founder of the Principality of Moldova . In 1352 the city was a free royal city and was the administrative seat of Máramaros County .

From 1556 the settlement - like Huszt Castle - became the residence of the Princes of Transylvania . From 1570 to 1733 the city became part of the Grand Duchy of Transylvania . In 1733 Máramarossziget was by the Hungarian King Charles III. again part of the Kingdom of Hungary .

After the First World War , Transylvania became part of Romania under the Treaty of Trianon , but after the second Vienna arbitration in 1940 it was again part of Hungary. The fascist Hungarian occupation government under the Arrow Cross member Ferenc Szálasi deported more than 20,000 Jews from Sighet to Auschwitz and other concentration camps by 1944 . Nowadays only about 100 Jews live in the city.

According to the Paris Treaty after the Second World War , Transylvania came back to Romania, so that the city became part of the Baia Mare administrative region from 1952 to 1960 . Since 1968 it has been part of the Maramureș County .

The Sighet Memorial , a memorial to the victims of communism and resistance, has existed here since 1997 .

traffic

Closed border bridge to Ukraine in 2007

At the end of August 2007, the historic Sighetu Marmatiei border bridge to the Republic of Ukraine was closed. The grand opening took place on June 30, 2008.

The station represents the end of the Salva – Sighetu Marmației railway line .

Attractions

Muzeul Satului Maramureșean Village Museum of the Maramures Region

Personalities

Jekusiel Jehuda Teitelbaum (1808-1883), was chief rabbi here (1858-1883)
Chananja Jom Tow Lipa Teitelbaum (1838–1904), Hasidic scholar, was chief rabbi here (1883–1904)
Hersch Leib Gottlieb ( Hersch Leib Sigheter ) (1829–1930), Jewish magazine publisher, was born here and in 1878 published the first Hebrew-language magazine in Austria-Hungary
Franz von Bolgár (1851–1923), Austro-Hungarian officer, publicist and politician, was born here
Simon Hollósy (1857–1918), painter, was born here
Tibor Gerevich (1882–1954), art historian, was born here
Gisella Perl (1907–1988), Jewish gynecologist and imprisoned camp doctor in Auschwitz , was born here
Yekutiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (brother of Moshe Teitelbaum; 1911–1944), was born here and was a rabbi in Sighet from 1936 to 1944
Moshe Teitelbaum (1914-2006), American Hasidic theologian and rabbi, was born here
Hédi Fried (* 1924), Jewish psychologist and survivor of the Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps
Elie Wiesel (1928–2016), American writer and Nobel Prize winner, was born here
György Jakubinyi (* 1946), Roman Catholic Archbishop of Karlsburg ( Alba Iulia ), was born here
Tudor Gavril Dunca (* 1951), Romanian politician , electrical engineer and former ambassador , was born here
Cristian Oros (* 1984), Romanian soccer player, was born here