Siroe (metastasis)

Work data
Title:	Siroe re di Persia
Third act, scene X. "Difenditi, mia vita, ecco l'acciaro"
Shape:	Opera seria
Original language:	Italian
Music:	First setting by Leonardo Vinci
Libretto :	Pietro Metastasio
Premiere:	February 2, 1726
Place of premiere:	Venice
Place and time of the action:	Seleucia , 628
people
Cosroe ( Chosrau II ), King of Persia, lover of Laodice Siroe ( Kavadh II. ), Firstborn son of Cosroe, lover of Emira Medarse ( Merdanschah ), Cosroe's second-born son Emira , Princess of Cambaia , in men's clothing under the name Idaspe, Siroe's lover Laodice , in love with Siroe, sister of Arasses Arasse , general of the Persian army, friend of Siroe

Siroe re di Persia is an opera - libretto in three acts by Pietro Metastasio . It was performed for the first time in the setting by Leonardo Vinci on February 2, 1726 in the Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo , Venice. In total, it was set to music more than 35 times.

A German translation of the libretto by Johann Anton Koch appeared in 1771 under the name Siroes, King in Persia in the third volume of his unfinished complete edition Des Herr Abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems.

action

The opera is about the Persian King Cosroe ( Chosrau II ), who wants to appoint the second-born Medarse as his successor instead of his first-born son Siroe ( Kavadh II ) and thus arouses popular anger.

"Cosroes II. King in Persia, who was taken with extraordinary tenderness in front of his younger son, Medarses, an insidious prince, tried to put him on the throne next to him and to betray his older son Siroes, a brave but fierce prince . However, the injustice which had occurred to this latter was opposed by the people and the army, who loved him infinitely, and, to his advantage, stirred up an uprising.

When Cosroes extended the frontiers of the Persian Empire by arms, his victories had reached so far that he had robbed the King of Cambaja, Asbites, of the Empire, and of life. It was also none of the king's overcomers. Family escaped, with the exception of the Princess Emirs, Asbite's daughter. She wandered around for a long time in a foreign country, and finally went, partly out of a love she had taken before the Siroes, partly out of a desire to avenge the death of her father, in male clothing, under the name of Hystaspis, at the Cosroes court, there constantly hiding hers Hatred remained unknown to all except Siroes, who brought them there himself, and so managed to win Cosroe's grace that it became his greatest confidante.

This dramatic idea is taken from this event, partly drawn from Byzantine history and partly changed by probable fiction.

The setting is in the city of Seleucia. "

- Pietro Metastasio : Foreword from the libretto of the setting by Johann Adolph Hasse, Dresden 1763

The following table of contents is based on the libretto of the second version of the setting by Johann Adolph Hasse, performed in Dresden in 1763 .

prehistory

The Persian king Cosroe defeated his opponent Asbite, the king of Cambaia , and had his family murdered. Only the daughter Emira survived and is planning revenge. For this purpose she disguised herself as a man and went to Cosroe's court under the name Idaspe. Only her lover, of all things Cosroe's eldest son Siroe, knows her true identity.

first act

A large temple dedicated to the sun with a sun altar and portrait

Cosroe called his sons to the Sun Temple to arrange his succession. Before announcing his election, he requires both of them to take an oath to recognize his decision and to keep the peace. The younger son Medarse is convinced that the choice will fall on him and obeys immediately. Siroe, however, refuses and accuses his father of preferring Medarse. As expected, Cosroe names Medarse heir to the throne. Siroe points out to his brother that he is not yet king and that a lot can happen until then. Here comes Emira disguised as Idaspe. To be able to speak to Siroe alone, she sends Medarse away. Then she advises Siroe to call the people for support. In addition, as a price for her love, she demands that he support her in killing his father. Now comes Laodice too. She is Cosroe's mistress, but loves Siroe. Although Emira / Idaspe does not reciprocate her feelings, he claims that he loves her. Siroe is horrified, but cannot intervene. Because of his behavior, Laodice still doubts his love. After Emira / Idaspe has left the temple, Laodice asks Siroe to finally confess his love. However, he points to her relationship with Cosroe and suggests another obstacle that he cannot reveal yet. Finally, he confesses that he is in love with someone else and advises her to forget about him.

Laodice feels spurned and swears revenge on Siroe. She resolves to ask her brother Arasse, a general in the Persian army and friend of Siroe's, for help. Arasse comes and tells her about the impending popular uprising because of the election of Medarses. He asks Laodice to speak in Siroe's favor with Cosroe. She refuses and claims that his overthrow is desirable. Arasse does not want to sacrifice his friendship with Siroe to a whim of Laodice.

Cosroe's inner room with a small table and chair

Siroe wants to warn his father about Emira / Idaspe's plan of revenge. In order not to reveal the identity of his beloved, he wrote an anonymous letter. Since Cosroe is just coming, he's hiding. Laodice also comes and complains to Cosroe that Siroe harassed her violently. Cosroe is outraged by his son, sits down and finds Siroe's letter. Medarse comes into the room too. Cosroe reads him the letter warning him about a traitor who is one of his best friends. Medarse now claims that he wrote the letter and that the traitor is Siroe. This wanted to persuade him to help with his planned patricide. Siroe leaves his hiding place and accuses Medarse of lying. Finally, Emira / Idaspe also comes along and learns about the content of the letter. Siroe continues to refuse to give the name of the traitor and is now also accused by Emira / Idaspe. Siroe complains that he cannot prove his innocence and leaves the room. Cosroe uncertainly believes he can at least trust Idaspe. Medarse and Laodice express their disappointment with Siroe's behavior. Unexpectedly, Emira / Idaspe now defends this. Laodice is confused by Emira's / Idaspe's behavior, but Medarse believes his intrigues will soon work out.

Second act

The royal zoo

Laodice regrets that the feeling of satisfaction was so quickly lost after carrying out her revenge. She asks Siroe's forgiveness and promises to speak to Cosroe to take back her false accusations. Siroe refuses, as it would only arouse suspicion. He just wants her to stop loving him. She goes sad.

Now Emira comes and accuses Siroe of infidelity and cowardice for not telling his father about her plan. She thinks that as children of enemies, they must be enemies too. He must therefore warn his father about her, and she must prevent this. Since she does not want to give up her desire for revenge, he draws his sword to kill himself. At that moment, Cosroe comes. He thinks Siroe raised his gun on Idaspe. Siroe accuses himself and asks his father to die. When Emira / Idaspe points out that he has not yet given the name of the conspirator, Siroe explains that it might even be Idaspe himself. Cosroe doesn't believe him and has him taken away. Since Cosroe is now completely lost in thought about his son, Emira recognizes an opportunity to attack him and draws her saber. However, she is interrupted by Medarse and excuses herself to want to put the saber at Cosroe's feet. Cosroe feels honored and asks Emira / Idaspe to take the saber back and look for the traitor. She goes.

Medarse tells Cosroe that Siroe has already drawn the people to his side. The only solution now is to kill him. Since Cosroe refuses, Medarse suggests making Siroe king. He is then ready to recognize him. Cosroe no longer doubts Siroe's guilt. But neither can he bring himself to punish him.

A room adjoining the zoo with chairs

Arasse urges Siroe to act. Both the people and the army must be involved. Although Siroe refuses because he does not want to commit treason, Arasse swears allegiance to him and leaves. Cosroe and Emira / Idaspe come into the room. Cosroe wants to talk to Siroe alone. He closes the room and sends Emira / Idaspe away, who overhears the conversation. Now he tries everything possible to get Siroe to talk. He was ready to forgive him for wanting to seduce Laodice, wanting Idaspe's death and planning an uprising, provided he names the traitor. But only when he declares that he will also forgive the traitors, Siroe starts to speak. But he is interrupted by Emira / Idaspe, who points out the waiting Laodice and on this occasion whispers to Siroe that he should be silent. Cosroe now offers Siroe to marry him to Laodice, but Siroe declares that he hates her. Now Cosroe believes that Siroe wants his death and tells him to kill him - but Siroe does not respond to that either. Cosroe can now get Laodice. After she arrives, he gives Siroe an ultimatum: if he is ready to testify, he will receive the rule and Laodice. Otherwise, doom awaits him in the dungeon. He should give Idaspe the name of the traitor. After Cosroe leaves, Emira / Idaspe scoffs at Siroe's future union with Laodice. He replies that Idaspe should decide for him and leaves.

To gain time, Emira / Idaspe Laodice explains that she / he is in love with her. Laodice uses this and asks Idaspe as a token of love to change Siroe's mind. Emira / Idaspe refuses, and Laodice leaves the room angrily. Emira vacillates between her desire for revenge and her love for Siroe.

Third act

Castle courtyard

Cosroe instructs Arasse to kill Siroe. Arasse tries to change his mind. He doesn't believe that this can pacify the people. Cosroe is determined, however, and Arasse finally agrees to carry out the order.

Laodice tells Cosroe that the people are asking for Siroe. Cosroe tells her about the murder assignment. Laodice now confesses to him that she falsely accused Siroe of attempting rape because he did not return her love. She asks him to let Siroe live, but Cosroe cannot be changed.

Emira / Idaspe also asks Cosroe for mercy for Siroe and points out that Siroe was always an exemplary son. Her request is successful, and Cosroe gives her his seal as a token of authority to stop the murder. Arasse comes back and reports that Siroe is dead. In his last words he asked him to serve his father faithfully. Emira / Idaspe makes serious reproaches to Cosroe and now reveals herself to him as his enemy Emira. Siroe only tried to defend him. The allegations against him are false. She hands Arasse her saber and lets him and the guard lead her away. Cosroe remains bleak.

Locked prison cell in the fortress

Emira asks Arasse to kill her too. He now confesses to her that he only faked the act and that Siroe is still alive. He asks Emira to hide for a while until he has called the people together. Then she could marry Siroe. He goes.

Medarse goes to the dungeon and finds Emira there. Because he does not yet know her true identity, she shows him the royal seal as legitimation. When Medarse declares that he wants to kill Siroe, Emira / Idaspe tells him that he is already dead. However, to be on the safe side, Medarse wants to see the body. Emira decides on a ruse and offers him her help in pretense. Siroe is added. Medarse draws the sword, but gets remorse and gives the weapon to Emira / Idaspe so that she can kill Siroe. However, she hands it over to Siroe and confesses her identity to Medarse as Emira. Arasse arrives with some guards and reports that the people have made Siroe king. He leaves his guard there for protection and leaves. Emira follows him. With no more supporters, Medarse finally gives up. Siroe, however, magnanimously forgives him and gives him back his weapon. He goes. Medarse, left alone, reflects on the value of virtue.

Large square in Seleukia with superstructures for the coronation of Medarses, which are then used for the coronation of Siroe; in the distance the royal palace

In a final battle against the rebels, the royal guard is defeated. Enter Cosroe, Emira and Siroe one after the other. Arasse follows with the people. Cosroe is still defending himself against some of the conspirators. Emira calls her back to take revenge herself, but Siroe stops her. Cosroe is glad to see his son alive again. Medarse and Laodice ask Cosroe to punish them for their offenses. Siroe explains that he is not angry with anyone and also asks Emira to forget her hatred. Only in this way could he accept her as his lover. Given his example, Emira finally gives in and renounces her revenge. Cosroe declares Siroe king and wed him to Emira. The opera ends with a choir.

history

The historical basis for the drama, the deposition of the Persian King Chosrau II by his son Kavadh II Siroe , can be found in the fourteenth book of the Epitome Historion by the Byzantine historian Johannes Zonaras , in the first book of the Historia saracenica by the Arab-Christian historian George Elmacin (Ibn al-'Amid) and in the eleventh volume of the Annales ecclesiastici by Cesare Baronio , which in turn are based on the Chronographia by Theophanes (AM 6118).

Contemporary templates by Metastasio could include Cosroès by Jean Rotrou (1649) and the libretto Ormisda by Apostolo Zeno (1721). The latter has a similar plot and is set a generation earlier in the Sassanid dynasty.

In the world premiere of Leonardo Vinci's setting on February 2, 1726 at the Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo in Venice, Marianna Benti Bulgarelli (known as “La Romanina”) as Emira and Nicolò Grimaldi (known as “Nicolini”) as Siroe sang two opera stars of the time who had already participated in the performance of Didone abbandonata in 1724 . The soprano castrato Giovanni Carestini sang the role of Medarse. A setting by George Frideric Handel was performed in London in 1728 (→ Siroe (Handel) ). Davide Perez achieved a first success in Naples with his opera of 1740. In this performance Caffarelli sang Siroe and Giovanni Manzuoli sang Medarse. Nicola Conforto's setting of 1752 consolidated his position as a composer in Madrid. The castrated soprano Venanzio Rauzzini made his debut at the Munich Court Opera in 1767 with the setting of Tommaso Traetta .

Settings

The following composers used this libretto for an opera:

year	composer	premiere	Performance location	Remarks
1726	Leonardo Vinci	February 2, 1726, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo	Venice	also Carnival 1728 in the Teatro su la via Nuova in Verona
1726	Giovanni Porta	3rd July 1726, Teatro Cocomero	Florence	also on December 26, 1726 in the Teatro Regio Ducale in Milan
1727	Domenico Sarro	January 25, 1727, Teatro San Bartolomeo	Naples
1727	Nicola Antonio Porpora	February 11th 1727, Teatro delle Dame	Rome	also in Perugia in 1733; Carnival 1738 at the Teatro dell'Accademia dei Remoti in Faenza
1727	Antonio Vivaldi	April 29, 1727, Teatro Pubblico	Reggio nell'Emilia	RV 735; also summer 1738 at the Teatro La Fenice in Ancona; Carnival 1739 at the Teatro Bonacossi in Ferrara
1728	George Frideric Handel → Siroe (Handel)	February 17, 1728, King's Theater on Haymarket	London	HWV 24; also for the summer mass of 1730 in the court theater in Braunschweig
1729	Andrea Stefano Fiorè	December 26th 1729, Teatro Regio	Turin
1731	Giovanni Battista Pescetti with Baldassare Galuppi and Leonardo Vinci	January 27, 1731, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo	Venice	Libretto edited by Giovanni Boldini
1732	Antonio Bioni	February 4, 1732, Theater im Ballhaus	Wroclaw
1733	Johann Adolph Hasse	May 2, 1733, Malvezzi Theater	Bologna	first version; many more performances in other Italian cities
1740	Gaetano Latilla	Carnival 1740, Teatro delle Dame	Rome	also for June 1753 in the Teatro degli Obizzi in Padua
1740	Davide Perez	November 4, 1740, Teatro San Carlo	Naples
1742	Giuseppe Scarlatti	April 24th 1742, Teatro della Pergola	Florence	also Carnival 1747 in the Teatro San Sebastiano in Livorno; Carnival 1750 at the Teatro Regio in Turin
1743	Gennaro Manna	February 9, 1743, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo	Venice
1743	Paolo Scalabrini	1743, Theater im Ballhaus	Linz	also on December 14, 1743 in the opera on Gänsemarkt in Hamburg; Carnival 1744 in the Nuovo Teatro in Prague; 1749 in the Kongelige Teater in Copenhagen
1746	Antonio Maria Mazzoni	2nd July 1746, Teatro della Fortuna	Fano
1748	Georg Christoph Wagenseil	October 4, 1748, Burgtheater	Vienna
1749	Gioacchino Cocchi	December 26th 1749, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo	Venice
1751	anonymous	1751, Teatro de la Santa Cruz	Barcelona	further performances by anonymous composers or pasticci on May 4, 1759 in the Teatro San Samuele in Venice and on December 13, 1763 in the King's Theater on the Haymarket in London
1752	Francesco Antonio Uttini	1752, Opera on the Gänsemarkt	Hamburg
1752	Nicola Conforto	May 30th 1752, Real Teatro del Buen Retiro	Madrid
1753	Francesco Poncini Zilioli	Carnival 1753, Teatro Ducale	Parma
1754	Baldassare Galuppi	February 10, 1754, Teatro Argentina	Rome
1755	Giovanni Battista Lampugnani	January 14th 1755, King's Theater on Haymarket	London	also Carnival 1759 in the Teatro Omodeo in Pavia
1758	Pasquale Errichelli	December 26th 1758, Teatro San Carlo	Naples
1759	Niccolò Piccinni	1759	Naples	Revised by Giuseppe Brunetti on August 15, 1759 in the Teatro della Pergola in Florence
1760	Hermann Friedrich Raupach	1760, court theater	St. Petersburg
1760	Giovanni Battista Cedronio	probably 1760
1763	Johann Adolph Hasse	Carnival 1763, court theater	Dresden	second version; composed in Warsaw in winter 1762/63
1764	Antonio Boroni	1764, Teatro San Salvatore	Venice
1764	Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi	5th September 1764, Teatro della Pergola	Florence	also on December 26, 1764 in the Teatro Regio Ducale in Milan
1766	Antonio Tozzi	1766-67	Braunschweig
1767	Tommaso Traetta	Carnival 1767, court theater	Munich
1770	Carlo Franchi	February 13, 1770, Teatro Argentina	Rome
1771	Giovanni Battista Borghi	Carnival 1771, Teatro San Benedetto	Venice
1779	Giuseppe Sarti	December 26th 1779, Teatro Regio	Turin
1783	Luigi Guido Beltrami	1783, Collegio Vescovile	Verona
1810	Carlo Ubaldi	around 1810	Turin

Recordings and performances in recent times

• Georg Friedrich Handel :
  • December 1925: German-language performance in Gera
  • 1962 and 1963: Performances at the Handel Festival in Halle . Orchestra of the Landestheater Halle, conductor: Horst Tanu Margraf , director: Wolfgang Gubisch
  • September 1989: CD recording. Brewer Baroque Chamber Orchestra, conductors: Rudolph Palmer , Julianne Baird (Emira), D'Anna Fortunato (Siroe), Andrea Matthews (Laodice), John Ostendorf (Cosroe), Steven Richards (Medarse), Frederick Urrey (Arasse)
  • December 2000 and January 2001: Performances at the Scuola Grande de San Giovanni Evangelista in Venice. Venice Baroque Orchestra, conductor: Andrea Marcon , directors: Jorge Lavelli , Lorenzo Regazzo (Cosroe), Valentina Kutzarova (Siroe), Roberto Balconi (Medarse), Patrizia Ciofi (Emira), Jaho Ermonela (Laodice), Dario Giorgelé (Arasse)
  • May 2003: Performed at the Grace Episcopal Church in Chicago
  • May 2003: Performance in Cologne (recording available on CD). Capella Coloniensis , direction: Andreas Spering , Sebastian Noack (Cosroe), Ann Hallenberg (Siroe), Gunther Schmid (Medarse), Sunhae Im (Laodice), Johanna Stojkovic (Emira-Idaspe), Timm de Jong (Arasse)
  • January 2004: Concert performances at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées Paris and the Arsenal de Metz. Venice Baroque Orchestra, conductors: Andrea Marcon, Liliana Rugiero (Siroe), Patrizia Ciofi (Emira), Lorenzo Regazzo (Cosroe), Roberto Balconi (Medarse), Simone Kermes (Laodice)
  • February and April 2004: Performances at Berkeley and the Brooklyn Academy of Music Harvey Theater. Venice Baroque Orchestra, conductor: Andrea Marcon, directors: Jorge Lavelli , Vito Priante (Cosroe), Liliana Rugiero (Siroe), Roberto Balconi (Medarse), Katerina Beranova (Emira), Simone Kermes (Laodice)
  • October / November 2007: Performances in the Teo Otto Theater in Remscheid and in the Schauspielhaus Wuppertal . Direction: Evan Christ , Direction: Georg Köhl
  • October 2009: Performance in the City Theater Neuburg
  • June 2010: Performance of the Handel Festival in Halle in the Goethe Theater Bad Lauchstädt. Direction and direction: Wulf Konold
  • May 2013: Performance (recording available on CD) in the Deutsches Theater Göttingen . FestspielOrchester Göttingen, Direction: Laurence Cummings , Direction: Immo Karaman , Yosemeh Adjei (Siroe), Anna Dennis (Emira), Aleksandra Zamojska (Laodice), Antonio Giovannini (Medarse), Lisandro Abadie (Cosroe), Ross Ramgobin (Arasse)
• Johann Adolph Hasse :
  • September 2008: Performance at St. Giles Church in London. Ensemble Serse, conductors: Christopher Suckling , Julian Forbes (Cosroe), Katherine Marriott (Siroe), Katherine Cooper (Emira), Calvin Wells (Medarse), Catrine Kirkman (Laodice), Andrew Pickett (Arasse)
  • June 2009: Performance at the Savile Club in London. Ensemble Serse, conductors: Christopher Suckling, Christopher Diffey (Cosroe), Natalia Brzezinska (Emira), Calvin Wells (Medarse), Catrine Kirkman (Laodice), Katherine Marriott (Siroe), Russell Harcourt (Arasse)
  • November 2014: CD recording. Armonia Atenea, direction: George Petrou , Juan Sancho (Cosroe), Max Emanuel Cenčić (Siroe), Franco Fagioli (Medarse), Mary-Ellen Nesi (Emira), Julia Lezhneva (Laodice), Lauren Snouffer (Arasse)
  • December 2017: Performances in the Oldenburg State Theater . Oldenburg State Orchestra, conductor: Wolfgang Katschner , staging: Jakob Peters-Messer , stage and costumes: Markus Mayer, Philipp Kapeller (Cosroe), Nicholas Tamagna (Siroe), Yulia Sokolik (Medarse), Hagar Sharvit (Emira), Myrsini Margariti (Laodice ), Martyna Cymerman (Arasse)

Web links

Commons : Siroe re di Persia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Several different versions of the libretto as full text (Italian) on progettometastasio.it.
• Calvin Wells: Sex, Crime and Punishment. Program notes on the setting of Johann Adolph Hasse (English), accessed on December 22, 2014.

Digital copies

1. ^ Johann Anton Koch: The abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems, translated from Italian. Third volume. Krauss, Frankfurt and Leipzig in 1771 as digitization at the Munich digitization center .
2. ↑ ^{a b} Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Johann Adolph Hasse, Dresden 1763 as a digitized version at the Berlin State Library .
3. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Leonardo Vinci, Venice 1726. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
4. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Porta, Florence 1726. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
5. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Nicola Antonio Porpora, Rome 1727 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
6. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Vivaldi, Reggio nell'Emilia 1727. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
7. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Georg Friedrich Händel, Braunschweig 1730 as digitized version at the Munich digitization center .
8. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Battista Pescetti, Venice 1731 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
9. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Antonio Bioni, Breslau 1732. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
10. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Johann Adolph Hasse, Bologna 1733. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
11. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gaetano Latilla, Rome 1740 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
12. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gennaro Manna, Venice 1743. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
13. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Mazzoni, Fano 1746 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
14. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gioacchino Cocchi, Venice 1750. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
15. ^ Libretto (Italian / Spanish) of the anonymous opera, Barcelona 1751 as a digitized version on Google Books .
16. ^ Libretto (Italian / Spanish) of the opera by Nicola Conforto, Madrid 1752 as a digitized version on Google Books .
17. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Baldassare Galuppi, Rome 1754 as a digitized version in the Internet Archive .
18. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Battista Lampugnani, Pavia 1759. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
19. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi, Florence 1764 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
20. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Tommaso Traetta, Munich 1767 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
21. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Carlo Franchi, Rome 1770 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
22. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Battista Borghi, Venice 1771. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
23. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giuseppe Sarti, Turin 1780 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Don Neville:  Siroe re di Persia. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
2. ↑ Metastasio, Pietro in The Music in Past and Present , p. 50861 ff (cf. MGG Vol. 9, p. 229 ff.) Bärenreiter-Verlag, 1986 ( Digital Library Volume 60).
3. ^ Siroe, re di Persia (Leonardo Vinci) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna
4. ^ Siroe, re di Persia (David Perez) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna
5. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Leonardo Vinci) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
6. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Vinci) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on December 29, 2014.
7. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Giovanni Porta) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
8. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Domenico Natale Sarro) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
9. ↑ Siroe re di Persia (Sarro) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on December 29, 2014.
10. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Nicola Porpora) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
11. ↑ Siroe re di Persia (Porpora) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on December 29, 2014.
12. ^ List of the stage works by Nicola Porpora based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
13. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Antonio Vivaldi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
14. ↑ Siroe re di Persia (Vivaldi) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on December 29, 2014.
15. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Georg Friedrich Händel) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
16. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Siroe (Handel) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on December 29, 2014.
17. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Andrea Stefano Fiorè) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
18. ^ Siroe, re di Persia (Giovanni Battista Pescetti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
19. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Antonio Bioni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
20. ↑ ^{a b} Siroe, re di Persia (Johann Adolph Hasse) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
21. ↑ ^{a b} List of stage works by Johann Adolf Hasse based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
22. ↑ ^{a b c d} Siroe re di Persia (Hasse) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on December 29, 2014.
23. ↑ Siroe (Gaetano Latilla) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
24. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (David Perez) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
25. ↑ Il Siroe (Giuseppe Scarlatti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
26. ↑ Siroe (Gennaro Manna) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
27. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Paolo Scalabrini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on August 24, 2016.
28. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Paolo Scalabrini) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed December 22, 2014.
29. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Antonio Mazzoni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
30. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Georg Christoph Wagenseil) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed December 22, 2014.
31. ↑ List of stage works by Georg Christoph Wagenseil based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
32. ↑ Siroe (Gioacchino Cocchi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
33. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
34. ^ Siroe (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
35. ↑ Siroe (Francesco Antonio Baldassare Uttini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
36. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Francesco Antonio Uttini) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed December 22, 2014.
37. ^ Siroe (Nicolò Conforti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
38. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Francesco Poncini Zilioli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
39. ↑ Siroe (Baldassare Galuppi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
40. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Giovanni Battista Lampugnani) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
41. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Pasquale Errichelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
42. ^ Siroe, re di Persia (Niccolò Piccinni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
43. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Hermann Friedrich Raupach) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed December 22, 2014.
44. ^ ^{A b} Don Neville:  Metastasio [Trapassi], Pietro (Antonio Domenico Bonaventura). In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
45. ↑ Siroe (Antonio Boroni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
46. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
47. ↑ Siroe (Antonio Tozzi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
48. ↑ Il Siroe (Tommaso Traetta) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
49. ^ Siroe re di Persia (Carlo Franchi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
50. ^ Siroe (Giovanni Battista Borghi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
51. ↑ Siroe (Giuseppe Sarti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on December 22, 2014.
52. ↑ Siroe, re di Persia (Luigi Guido Beltrami) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed December 22, 2014.
53. ^ Félix Clément and Pierre Larousse: Dictionnaire lyrique ou Histoire des opéras , Paris 1876–1881, ISBN 2-05-101696-8 , p. 627 ( online at Google Books).
54. ^ John Denison Champlin: Cyclopedia of music and musicians (Volume 3) , p. 385 ( online at ebooksread.com ).
55. ↑ Siroe (Handel, Palmer) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on December 29, 2014.
56. ↑ Siroe (Handel, Spering) ( Memento from December 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on December 29, 2014.
57. ↑ Handel: Siroe - Laurence Cummings . CD information from Allmusic , accessed on November 29, 2014.
58. ^ Johann Adolf Hasse: Sireo, Re di Persia . CD information from Allmusic , accessed on November 29, 2014.
59. ↑ Gerhart Asche: With a double bottom. In: Opernwelt from February 2018, p. 45.