Srebrna Góra (Stoszowice)

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Srebrna Góra
coat of arms
Srebrna Góra (Poland)
Srebrna Góra
Srebrna Góra
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Ząbkowice Śląskie
Geographic location : 50 ° 35 '  N , 16 ° 40'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 34 '33 "  N , 16 ° 39' 35"  E
Height : 400 m npm
Residents : 1000
Postal code : 57-215
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DZA
Economy and Transport
Street : Nowa Ruda - Ząbkowice Śląskie
Rail route : Ząbkowice Śląskie - Bielawa
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Srebrna Góra (German Silberberg ) is a village in the powiat Ząbkowicki ( Frankenstein district ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It belongs to the municipality of Stoszowice (Peterwitz) .

Geographical location

Silberberg southwest of Frankenstein and north of Glatz on a map from 1905.

The village is located in Lower Silesia on the northern slope of the Owl Mountains at the transition to the Warthagebirge (Góry Bardzkie) , twelve kilometers southwest of the district town of Ząbkowice Śląskie ( Frankenstein ). The Silberberger Pass (Przełęcz Srebrna) , over which the road from Ząbkowice Śląskie to Nowa Ruda ( Neurode ) runs, runs between the two mountains . The place stretches up the Silberberger Wasser over an altitude of about 250 meters.

Neighboring towns are Jemna (Raschdorf) in the north, Budzów in the northeast, Mikołajów (Niklasdorf) in the southeast, Zdanów (Herzogswalde) and Wilcza in the south and Nowa Wieś Kłodzka in the southwest.

history

overall view

The Silberberg near the village of Schönwalde was sold on October 24, 1331 by Duke Bolko II von Münsterberg to Kunad von Schönwalde. Together with the Duchy of Münsterberg, the area came under Bohemian fiefdom in 1336, which Bolko II recognized in the Treaty of Straubing in the same year. As early as 1370, miners from Meißen and Reichenstein were digging for ore containing silver on the Silberberg .

The place Silberberg was first mentioned in the year 1417. Because of the Hussite wars the mining was interrupted and only started again in 1527. In 1536 the Münsterberg dukes Joachim , Heinrich II. , Johann and Georg II. , Sons of Duke Charles I of Münsterberg , granted Silberberg the rights of a free mining town . Four years later the city received a coat of arms.

In 1581 the Bohemian Chamberlain, Wilhelm von Rosenberg, acquired the manorial power and obtained the right to mint coins from the Bohemian sovereign. After Wilhelm's death in 1592, his property passed to his brother Peter Wok von Rosenberg . He sold Silberberg together with Reichenstein in 1599 to Duke Joachim Friedrich von Liegnitz - Brieg , whereby both cities were detached from the Duchy of Munsterberg and connected with the Duchy of Liegnitz-Brieg.

Viaduct of the former rack railway.

During the Thirty Years' War , Silberberg was largely destroyed, looted several times and rebuilt by 1670. After the death of the last Liegnitz Piast Georg Wilhelm in 1675, Silberberg again fell to the Bohemian Chamber as a settled fiefdom . Then it came into the possession of the Heinrichau monastery , with whose help the mining, which was lost after the war, was resumed. In 1713, Emperor Karl VI. in his capacity as King of Bohemia, the trades to the brothers Johann Leopold and Gottfried Bernhard von Scharffenberg. Since they could not achieve great economic success, home weaving and the cloth trade developed.

After the First Silesian War , Silberberg, like almost all of Silesia, fell to Prussia in 1742 . During the Fourth Coalition War , Bavarian Rhine Confederation troops plundered the city between June 26th and 30th, 1807 and burned it down to a large extent, against which the fortress was successfully defended. After the reorganization of Prussia, Silberberg belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the Frankenstein district in Silesia from 1818 , with which it remained connected until 1945.

Of economic importance were a hair yarn spinning mill and a wool blanket factory, as well as the metal goods factory E. Anders & Sons, which produced for three generations until 1945 in Silberberg. After the fortress was razed in 1867, the barracks were taken over in 1872 by the Fritz Eppner watch factory, which produced until 1945. On June 1, 1900, Silberberg was connected to the Eulengebirgsbahn and in 1908 to the Frankensteiner Kreisbahn , both of which were operated by Lenz & Co. Subsequently, Silberberg became a popular destination for those seeking relaxation and winter sports enthusiasts because of its mountainous surroundings .

Until 1945 Silberberg belonged to the district of Frankenstein in the administrative district of Breslau in the Prussian province of Lower Silesia of the German Empire .

As a result of the Second World War , Silberberg was placed under Polish administration in 1945, like almost all of Silesia . The place name was translated into Polish as Srebrna Góra . In the following period, the German population was expelled from Silberberg by the local Polish administrative authority . Some of the newly settled residents came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the “ West displacement of Poland ” . With the decrease in the number of inhabitants, Silberberg lost its town charter after 1945. In 1961 750 inhabitants were counted.

Between 1975 and 1998 the village belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship .

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1933 1,243
1939 1,155
1961 0750

Silberberg Fortress

After the Silesian Wars and the Peace of Hubertusburg , the Prussian King Frederick the Great ordered the construction of the Silberberg fortress . It was built in 1775 under the direction of Paul von Gonzenbach above Silberberg as a central link between the fortresses Schweidnitz and Glatz and from 1778 it was ready for defense. At the same time, the upper town barracks were built halfway up. The Prussian major Ludwig Wilhelm von Regulator was responsible for the construction . During the war with France, Colonel Bogislaus von Schwerin and Major von Massow successfully held the fortress from June 26th until the end of the war against Bavarian troops from the Rhine Confederation .

Fritz Reuter was imprisoned at the fortress from 1834 to 1837 . Other fellow prisoners from Reuters (after A. Hückstädt: Reuter. Briefe I. Hinstorff, Rostock 2009, p. 526f.) Were:

  • since 1834: Andreas Wilhelm Scheibner, Carl August Bohl, Johann Adolf Döhn, August Wilhelm Braun, Carl Gustav Stahlberg
  • since 1835: Franz Rudolf Wachsmuth, Ferdinand Wuthenow , Wilhelm Wolff
  • since 1836: Gustav Bönninger, Heinrich Wilhelm Schultheiß

Although the fortress was to be dissolved after a cabinet decision of April 5, 1860, it was repaired again in 1866, but was finally razed a year later. The barracks were taken over by the Fritz Eppner watch factory in 1872, which produced until 1945.

Attractions

  • The Church of St. Peter and Paul was built in 1729–1731. After a fire, it was rebuilt in 1807 and furnished in the Baroque style. The main altar contains a painting of the Holy Trinity and the figures of Saints John Nepomuk and John the Evangelist. In the choir there are two reliefs with views of Silberberg; the triumphal arch wall contains a coat of arms of Heinrichau Abbey.
  • The late baroque rectory was built around the middle of the 18th century.
  • Several town houses with stone portals
  • Remains of the Silberberg fortress

  • Silberberg Fortress, Donjon

  • Silberberg Fortress, building complex

  • Silberberg Fortress, casemate

sons and daughters of the town

literature

Web links

Commons : Srebrna Góra  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Silberberg in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. frankenstein.html # ew39fssilberberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).