St. Hippolytus (Horst)

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Parish Church of St. Hippolytus

The Catholic parish church of St. Hippolytus is a listed , neo-Gothic church building in Horst , a district of Gelsenkirchen ( North Rhine-Westphalia ).

Patronage

Hippolytus statue in the Vatican Library in Rome
Martyrdom of St. Hippolytus, Dieric Bouts , 1470–1475, Brugge , Museum of St. Salvator's Cathedral .

The text of the document, which was built into the foundation stone of the Horster church in 1897, begins with the words “In honorem Sancti Hippolyti martyris” (“In honor of the holy martyr Hippolytus”). Hippolytus of Rome , a Roman church father of the 3rd century, is venerated as patron in only very few parishes in Germany (see list of Hippolytic churches ), although for a long time he was not a priest and writer, but incorrectly as a Roman officer (the one in prison the Hl. Laurentius to guard, but converted by this and therefore later than martyrs is torn by four horses) was shown.

The nucleus of Horst was a farmstead, probably built in the 11th century on an island between two arms of the Emscher , which was expanded into a castle in the late 12th century. It can be considered certain that the choice of the patronage of the local chapel was largely determined by the lords of the castle. These were descendants of the lords of Haus Horst an der Ruhr ; the church in neighboring Steele was dedicated to St. Laurentius. It is not unlikely that the lords of the castle chose a patron saint after settling in Horst , who was familiar to them from the legends of their home patron Laurentius.

In the legenda aurea , the most popular medieval collection of saints legends, the life of Laurentius a. a. linked to that of Hippolytus (see above), but also to other saints. The fact that the Lords von Horst have now selected Hippolytus from this group has long been attributed to his role as a horse patron due to his legendary manner of death. Horses - especially the very numerous Emscherbrücher in the immediate vicinity - were of great economic importance for the Lords of Horst. Their coat of arms at the time, three horse rams and finds in the castle area indicate that the horse trade was one of the main sources of income. The fact that the most important regional horse market of that time was held in Crange (the origin of today's Cranger Kirmes ), just 10 km to the east , was held on the holiday of Laurentius (August 10th ), of all things, which should clarify the connection Hippolyt-Laurentius and thus possibly additional the choice of Hippolyt as Horster patron Have given impetus.

Previous buildings

The earliest (indirect) evidence of a castle chapel in Horst comes from the year 1295. In a document from that year, a "Ger (ardus) sacerdos" (= priest Gerhard) is attested. 1411 appears in a negotiation report the name of the "people liable to wax interest Santi Ypoliti" - the oldest mention of this patronage in Horst. (Those liable to pay wax interest had to deliver a fixed amount of beeswax or the equivalent in money annually for the local church / chapel - or for a certain altar in it.) The associated chapel, surrounded by a cemetery, was in the middle of the Horster outer bailey . Recent archaeological research suggests that it dates back to the first half of the 13th century. goes back and thus possibly already belonged to the oldest Horster castle.

This chapel was a small hall church (dimensions of the nave 6.6 m × 4.2 m). The strikingly strong foundation (1.5 m) of the apse has largely been preserved. In its central axis was the burial place of a 1.63 m tall, 50-60 year old man, which was accessible through a crypt-like room. Above this, slightly shifted in the axis, the grave of a 40-60 year old woman (possibly the wife of the deceased) was found. There is much to suggest that the church's founder, perhaps the first lord of the castle, Gerhard von Horst, was honored with a burial at this particularly prominent location.

In the first centuries Horst was not an independent parish , but was subordinate to the parish of St. Lamberti in Gladbeck . In a visitation protocol from 1569, the Horster church is called "filie sub Gladbach" (daughter church of Gladbeck). The gentlemen von Horst held the right of presentation ; they chose a clergyman for the services in their church and paid him. The pastor of Gladbeck, who was responsible under canon law, only had the right of investiture : he officially installed the chosen clergyman in his office, but could only reject the lord's proposal for precisely defined reasons.

Horst only became independent in 1590. There is no information about how long the first Horster church stood on the outer bailey. Likewise, no traces of a new chapel have been found in the new building of Horst Castle, which began in 1559 . This is believed to have been the central building in the south-west wing of the palace, as indicated by some archival news and a sketch of the floor plan. Possible remains of the chapel fell victim to the installation of a bowling alley in the 1930s.

In 1581 the builder of the castle, Rütger von der Horst , died without a male heir. His granddaughter (and heiress of the castle) Sibylle von Loë married Dietrich von der Recke . This was a Calvinist . It is no longer possible to reconstruct what consequences this had for the service. It is conceivable that the service in the castle chapel was carried out according to the Calvinist rite, whereas in the parish church on the outer bailey (if it was still standing at that time) according to the Catholic rite. There is evidence of the purchase of a new baptismal font in 1630 - information about which of the churches it was used in is missing.

The next reference dates from the year 1753: In that year Baron Bertram von der Recke had a new church built, along with a new cemetery, on the Burgstrasse leading to the castle. It was 22.35 meters long and 9.60 meters wide. When it was enlarged in 1864, a new tower, a choir, a sacristy and an organ stage were built and three bells were purchased. The church stood in this form until 1902.

History and architecture

Foundation stone in the apse

By following the sinking of the Nordstern onset of industrialization, the Horster population increased tenfold in the period 1850-1890, which required the construction of a larger church. The relevant decision was taken in 1892. Four years later, the preparatory work began on the property donated by the Fürstenberg family on Essener Strasse, and in 1897 the foundation stone was laid.

The architect was Bernhard Hertel , a son of the diocesan master builder Hilger Hertel from Münster. (Bernhard Hertel also designed the churches of St. Urbanus in the then independent Buer (1893), St. Pankratius in the also still independent Osterfeld (1896) and St. Lamberti in Gladbeck (1899) in the area.)

On August 9, 1898, the present church with 650 seats and 350 standing room by the Bishop of Munster, was Hermann Jakob Dingelstad , consecrated . The construction costs without the tower amounted to 188,000 marks.

The three - aisled neo - Gothic hall church consists of four nave bays , a transept and a 5/8 main choir with a front bay. The transept heads are closed on three sides. Four hipped roofs each cover the side aisles as a saddle roof.

The church was damaged several times during the Second World War : During the heavy attack on Horst on June 13, 1944, all of the church windows shattered. In the same year, the attacks of September 11th and November 13th, in which the entire vault , the altar and the sacristy were destroyed, had serious consequences . Services were no longer possible. When the US troops marched in on Good Friday 1945, the tower received an artillery hit in the area of ​​the clock.

Reconstruction began as early as April 16, 1946 with the help of the Horster population and was completed two years later. For structural reasons, the choir windows had to be shortened somewhat, as the stability of the walls between the windows had suffered from the bomb explosions during the war. On August 8, 1948, almost 50 years to the day after its inauguration, the restored church - albeit in a more modest setting - was consecrated by Auxiliary Bishop Heinrich Roleff as one of the first in a wide area.

A fundamental redesign and renovation was carried out from 1961 to 1965 by the Münster architects Max von Hausen and Ortwin Rave with the participation of the artist Heinrich Gerhard Bücker . The previous high altar on the rear wall of the church was removed and replaced below the crossing by a new one on a circular four-step structure made of Anröchter dolomite (the reason for this radical conversion was the liturgy constitution of the Second Vatican Council . It emphasized the character of the Holy Mass as a communal meal where the congregation gathers around the altar table). The pulpit and the stone communion bench were torn down, a number of figures of saints were cleared from the church and the side entrances to the right and left of the main portal were bricked up.

A rather unusual architectural measure at the time was lowering the choir room by more than a meter. The room, separated from the rest of the church in this way, was intended to serve as a “weekday church” and to provide space for the church choir during ceremonial high offices. Therefore an additional choir organ was installed here.

In addition, new, very colorful choir windows based on designs by Hubertus Brouwer were installed. Thematically, they are inspired by the “hymn of praise for space” by the French Jesuit Pierre Teilhard de Chardin . The interior with the canted pillars was also given a new color . The redesigned church was consecrated on December 12, 1965.

In the seventies the sacristy, which could no longer be renovated, was torn down and the present one was built. In addition, the damp outer walls of the church and tower were re- grouted and cleaned. The church, which had become black over the decades due to industrial emissions and house fires, was restored to its original brick color .

At the beginning of the eighties, the church council , chaired by the then pastor E. Happe, decided to undo almost all the renovations of the sixties and to carry out a further extensive redesign. The floor in the entire church was renewed, the emergency glazing from the post-war period in the nave was replaced by new windows by Hubert Spierling and the church was repainted.

The main changes concerned the chancel. The plans for this came from the Mülheim sculptor Ernst Rasche. The round altar island was removed and the recessed choir was refilled. From now on, as before the council, this area was again reserved exclusively for liturgical staff. A new tabernacle stele has been the central eye-catcher since then; only the plate was taken over from the old altar.

These complex construction measures made church services impossible, so that the congregation had to switch to the Protestant church. The ceremonial inauguration was carried out by the Essen Vicar General Johannes Stüting on December 15, 1984.

tower

tower

The 75 m high tower, originally covered with slate and since 1971 with copper , stands above the entrance hall. It is richly structured. The four corner turrets have balanced pointed helmets. Four bells hang in the tower, which were cast in the V12 rib by the Bochumer Verein in 1948 . (The pre-war bells had to be delivered because of the ore shortage prevailing during the war and were probably melted down for the production of weapons). The bells have diameters of 2270 mm, 1910 mm, 1700 mm and 1430 mm. The tone sequence is a ° - c '- d' - f '.

The choir is crowned with a roof turret.

Furnishing

Tower hall

Left aisle

Left transept

Baptistery

  • Wrought iron grille by Heinz Schäpers, Gelsenkirchen (1984)
  • Belgian marble font (around 1900)
  • Mission cross (age unknown)
  • Pictures ( Maria and Antonius ), painted by Caspar Goerke (1864); the two pictures were originally part of the side altars of the old Horster church
  • Hunger cloth by Anne zur Linden (1985)

Altar island

  • Madonna (around 1500)
  • Altar by Ernst Rasche (1985)
  • Cross by Hein Bücker (1965)
  • Tabernacle stele , design by Ernst Rasche (1985), created by Osthues, Münster
  • Seven-armed candlesticks by Falger, Münster, (1898)
  • Choir organ by the company Kreissenbrink , Osnabrück (1972)

Right side chapel

  • Picture of St Hippolytus, painter unknown (around 1700?); the picture was already in the old Horster church
  • In front of it a small reliquary with bone splinters of St Hippolytus (provided by the Catholic parish of St Hippolyte in Alsace ), stolen from a burglary in December 2019.
  • Choir stalls (around 1904)

Right transept

  • Statue of St Roch (around 1866); set up on the occasion of a survived cholera epidemic

Right aisle

  • Image of grace from Schumacher from Münster (1902)
  • Wooden relief of St Anthony (1935)

organ

The organ with 45 registers , three manuals and a pedal was built in 1986 by the Rieger company from Schwarzach (Vorarlberg) in Austria.

I main work
1. Bourdun 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Pointed flute 8th'
4th Flûte harmonique 8th'
5. Octave 4 ′
6th Night horn 4 ′
7th Super octave 2 ′
8th. Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Cornet V 8th'
10. Trumpet 8th'
11. Chip. Trumpet 8th'
II positive
12. Wood-covered 8th'
13. Salicional 8th'
14th Principal 4 ′
15th Reed flute 4 ′
16. Sesquialtera 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Sesquialtera 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
18th Gemshorn 2 ′
19th Sifflet 1'
20th Scharff III 1'
21st Rankett 16 ′
22nd Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
III swell
23. Wooden principal 8th'
24. Bourdon 8th'
25th Gamba 8th'
26th Voix céleste 8th'
27. Prestant 4 ′
28. Transverse flute 4 ′
29 Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
30th flute 2 ′
31. Third flute 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
32. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
33. Plein Jeu VI 2 ′
34. Basson 16 ′
35. oboe 8th'
36. Trompette harmonique 8th'
37. Clairon harmonique 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – g 1
38. Principal 16 ′
39. Sub bass 16 ′
40. Principal 8th'
41. Dumped 8th'
42. Choral bass 4 ′
43. Noise flute 4 ′
44. Rauschpfeife IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
45. Bombard 16 ′
46. trombone 8th'
  • Coupling : II / I, III / I, I / P, II / P, III / P
  • Zimbelstern
  • Mechanical action mechanism
  • Electric stop action

List of pastors

Some priests are known by name from the time when Horst was not yet an independent parish . They did their service in the chapel belonging to the manor house.

  • Gerardus (1295)
  • Theodorus Schriever, presbyter, and Wilhelmus, " rector capellae " (1475)
  • Wolterus Surmunt (1518)
  • Theodor Suirmunt (1562)

From 1590 Horst becomes an independent parish with its own pastor.

  • Hermann Scholten (1600)
  • Johannes Legge (1615)
  • Johannes Eilers (1656–1664)
  • Nikolaus Alefs (1664-1692)
  • Johannes Pörtchen (1692–1705)
  • Hermann Vollminghoff (1706–1754)
  • Johann Ludwig Pörtgen (1755–1787)
  • Klemens Maria Bacon (1788–1789)
  • Johann Petrus Schönauer (1789–1794)
  • Ludwig Danecker (1795–1803)
  • Adolf Ketteler (1803-1858)
  • Ferdinand Lenfert (1858–1882)
  • Josef Vissing (1885-1896)
  • Wilhelm Marferding (1896–1910)
  • Wilhelm Wenker (1910–1956)
  • Wilhelm Beckmann (1957–1969)
  • Erich Happe (1969–1996)
  • Gerd Rüsing (1996-2010)
  • Wolfgang Pingel (since 2010)

literature

  • Heinz Dohmen: image of heaven, a thousand years of church building in the diocese of Essen . Hoppe and Werry publishing house, Mülheim an der Ruhr 1977, DNB 800119088 .

Web links

Commons : St. Hippolytus (Gelsenkirchen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ How the church father could become a soldier in the course of the legend is still largely unclear. Compare with this the chapter "Legends" in Hippolytus of Rome .
  2. ↑ To this day the parish church in Essen-Steele bears the name of this saint. The veneration goes back at least to the year 1080, possibly even to 955 (see the Internet pages of the parish of St. Laurentius )
  3. ↑ A well-known company for horse feed still bears his name today, cf. http://www.st-hippolyt.de/
  4. ↑ cf. see the chapter "Horst im Emscherbruch" on: schlosshorst.de
  5. ↑ St. Hippolytus. In: Gelsenkirchen Stories Wiki
  6. ↑ a b Heimatbund Gelsenkirchen (ed.): Gelsenkirchen in old and new times. Vol. VIII, Gelsenkirchen o. J., p. 102.
  7. ↑ Text largely taken from the Internet portal "Westphalian History" .
  8. ↑ A. Franzen (Ed.): The visitation protocols of the first post-Tridentine visitation in the archbishopric of Cologne under Salentin von Isenburg in 1569. Münster 1960, p. 397f.
  9. ^ Information from the director of the Horster Castle Museum, Elmar Alshut, on October 15, 2012.
  10. ↑ According to an unconfirmed source, Dietrich had a church built on the castle freedom for the Horster who remained mostly Catholic
  11. ^ Heimatbund Gelsenkirchen (ed.): Gelsenkirchen in old and new times. Vol. VIII, Gelsenkirchen undated, p. 104.
  12. ^ E. Happe: Catholic parish church St. Hippolytus Gelsenkirchen-Horst. (= Schnell Kunstführer , No. 1671.) Munich / Zurich 1988, p. 3.
  13. ↑ http://www.gelsenzentrum.de/kriegsende_gelsenkirchen.htm
  14. ↑ cf. St. Hippolytus. In: Bell catalog of the diocese of Essen. ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 536 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.glockenbuecherbes.de
  15. ↑ Information from E. Happe, ibid., P. 5 ff.
  16. ↑ cf. J. Büscher: 700 years of freedom Horst. Gelsenkirchen 1982, p. 167.
  17. ↑ List taken from: Kath. Pfarramt St. Hippolytus (Ed.): 375 years St. Hippolytus Horst. Festschrift, Gelsenkirchen 1965.

Coordinates: 51 ° 32 ′ 17 ″  N , 7 ° 1 ′ 24 ″  E