St. Matthäus (market Einersheim)
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Matthew is the house of God in Markt Einersheim in Lower Franconia . It is the main church of the Evangelical Lutheran deanery in Markt Einersheim and is located on the market square in the center of the village. The Matthäuskirche is surrounded by a fortified church .
history
Middle Ages (until 1545)
The Matthäuskirche with its predecessor buildings in the same place is one of the oldest churches in the area. A wooden church in which baptisms were carried out probably already existed at the time of the Franconian Apostle Kilian . When furnishing of the newly established diocese of Wuerzburg by Boniface in 742 in Markt Einersheim no church appeared. However, the St. Andrew's Church was named in (Klein-) Dornheim , which later became a branch of Einersheim.
The Markt Einersheim Church was first mentioned in a document in 1241, the parish reappeared in 1297. In the meantime, the parish functions of the original church from Kirchheim (now a desert near Markt Einersheim) had been transferred to Einersheim. The parish covered a huge area with the places Altmannshausen , Birklingen , Dornheim , Hellmitzheim , Mönchsondheim , Nenzenheim , Oberambach , Possenheim , Prühl , Stierhöfstetten , Wüstenfelden and others.
Over the centuries the parish lost its size because many branches became independent. Hellmitzheim split off in the 15th century, and Mönchsondheim also became a parish village at the same time. In 1509 Nenzenheim became independent. Oberambach came to Oberscheinfeld . In Stierhöfstetten the pastor from Einersheim was still obliged to appoint a chaplain . The place only became independent in the 16th century.
Reformation (until 1648)
The Reformation was a turning point in the history of the church in Einersheim . The main initiator was Schenk Carol von Limpurg-Speckfeld , who ruled the village over Einersheim. However, he was not one of the first imperial princes to embrace the new denomination . It was not until 1545 that he indirectly tolerated their introduction through the appointment of new preachers in his territory.
At first there were two pastors in Einersheim: one Catholic and one Lutheran. By 1549 at the latest, Wipertus Schenk von Schenkenstein renounced the parish and left the field to the evangelical Peter Kaufmann. The Würzburg Cathedral Chapter , however, appointed the pastors of Einersheim for a few years and selected Catholic priests. The new denomination was gradually adopted in Einersheim.
The Reformation was not officially accepted until 1580, when Schenk Heinrich signed the formula of the Concord . The church remained in its old form for a few decades; it was not until the first half of the 17th century that the church was adapted to the new liturgical needs. In 1626, large parts of the northern nave were torn down and the church was expanded to give more space for visitors. The old mess church was transformed into a Protestant preaching church .
A short time later, in 1628, the Catholic Würzburg residents of Einersheim, victorious in the Thirty Years' War , forced the Counter-Reformation and appointed a priest from Iphofen . Four years later, in 1631, the Lutheran Swedes reached the village and again drove out the Catholic priest. After the end of the war, Einersheim had finally established itself as an Evangelical Lutheran place.
Renewals (until today)
New alterations to the building were made in 1700. The tower was raised and the half-timbered bell storey was replaced by a brick wall. At the same time, the tower received the baroque dome that was still there . In 1868 the church was enlarged by extending the west wall to create access to the galleries inside.
The external appearance of the church was not changed later. In 1945, during World War II , the Americans advanced against the village and began firing tanks at the church. The building suffered only minor damage. In 1976 the church and the fortified church were completely renovated . In 2001 the community renovated the interior. The church in Einersheim is classified as an architectural monument .
architecture
The Matthäuskirche was built as a medieval choir tower church in the 13th and 14th centuries. The oldest component is the tower, which is essentially still Romanesque . It is four-story and ends with a Welschen hood with a lantern and a coat of arms of the Limpurg-Speckfeld taverns. The tower has Gothic, two-lane windows with simple tracery . Single-lane windows are only installed in the 18th century bell chamber. Inside the choir is vaulted with cross ribs. The capitals are figurative and show a girl's head and leaf buds. The sacristy door in the choir is profiled with the remains of a colored frame.
The nave of the Matthäuskirche bears witness to the renovations of the different centuries. The sacristy on the north side next to the tower can be entered through a pointed arched portal. The nave is five-axis and is lit through by long, sleek pointed and arched windows. The north portal has Baroque forms, a cornice leads to the elongated skylight. Inside the nave has a coffered ceiling.
Furnishing
Epitaphs
In the interior of the church, several memorial stones refer to the deceased members of the Limpurg-Speckfeld tavern family, who ruled the place for centuries. The stone epitaphs hang to the left and right of the choir arch . The grave slabs , which had been in the crypt below the nave for centuries, were placed in the inner courtyard of the fortified church in the 20th century, the crypt was locked.
On the far left is the epitaph for Carolus Schenk von Limpurg-Speckfeld. An inscription below indicates that he died in 1558. The center of the grave monument is formed by the large sandstone reliefs of the deceased and his two wives and the 14 children depicted much smaller. All are grouped kneeling and praying at the feet of a crucifix . To the left and right, two rectangular columns with coats of arms and an ancestral specimen close the epitaph. The three coats of arms of Carolus and his wives form a kind of extract.
On the left side of the choir arch there is another epitaph for Schenk Gottfried zu Limpurg with a similar structure. The predella- like inscription below is held up by two angel figures. The central figures are the spouses, Gottfried and his wife Agnes von Wied , who are praying on stools . An expansive cornice leads to the excerpt with an inscription that is framed by the coats of arms of the two spouses.
The oldest and most important epitaph on the right side of the choir arch was created for Philipp von Limpurg, who died in 1519. The artist was the Eichstätter Loy Hering . Schenk Philipp, his father Friedrich, who died two years earlier, and Philip's wife can be seen on the epitaph. Instead of a crucifix, the three depicted in profile pray to Our Lady in heaven. The epitaph ends with a semicircular cartouche.
Baptismal fonts
The font, made in 1627, is today in front of the choir in the center of the church. It was removed in 1728, from then on the baptisms were carried out in a wooden baptismal font in the Baroque style with angel heads and foliage , which was attached to the altar and is now located below the gallery. It was not until 1953 that the old font was put up again.
The baptismal font is goblet-shaped and very solid. It bears yellow-framed, foliage-like decorations that dominate the base of the stone in particular. Shortly below the edge of the pool, a German-Latin inscription depicts a chronostichon for the number 1627. It reads: “WITH NOT EIGHT, THE BAPTISM IS SMALL / BECAUSE IT MAKES SINS PURE. - SORDIBVS INSIGNI PVRGAMVR SANGVINE CHRISTI ”.
organ
The church received the first organ in 1675 from the chapel of Speckfeld Castle . After a repair, the municipality sold it again in 1692. A new instrument was purchased with the proceeds. This had to be replaced 60 years later. The three-tower, baroque organ prospect of the Würzburg court organ master Johann Philipp Seuffert from 1752 was retained when a new slider organ was installed in 1983.
The new organ was created by the Hey company from Urspringen in the Rhön region, and the old case also had to be expanded. In 2001, as part of the major interior renovation, the instrument was cleaned and re-voiced. It comprises three manuals and 24 registers with a total of 1516 pipes. The disposition is as follows:
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- Pairing : II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : mechanical action mechanism, electrical stop action mechanism, setting system
Bells
The ringing of St. Matthew's Church is formed by three bells . The oldest and largest dates from 1811 and was created by Adam Klaus in Markt Nordheim while the previous bell was melted down. In the Second World War, all three churches were given up and should be melted down. The big bell was identified and retrieved from the Hamburg bell cemetery after the war . In 1954 the bell was added again:
| Surname | Keynote | Caster | Casting year | Weight | Inscription, reliefs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Big bell | f | Adam Klaus, Nordheim Market | 1811 | 800 kg | "Cast in 1811 for use in the church in Markt Einersheim, made by Adam Klaus.", Ornamental wreaths |
| Medium bell | as | Rincker brothers , Sinn | 1954 | 430 kg | "1954 Glory to God on high", globe and cross |
| Little bell | b | Rincker brothers, Sinn | 1954 | 310 kg | "1954 †: Lord have mercy" |
Further equipment
The Matthäuskirchet has a richly decorated coffered ceiling that was added in 1626 as part of the church renovation. It consists of rectangles and rhombuses in the shape of the strip cassette. In the center are the coats of arms of the five governing bars of Limpurg-Speckfeld at the time. In addition to the five maces, the Franconian rake can also be seen, because Schenk Gottfried was also Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Duke of Franconia.
Several objects in the nave date from the 17th century. A crucifix from the workshop of Georg Brenck (1564–1635) von Windsheim hangs on the right side of the choir arch. It was created in 1602 and was originally placed above the altar. The pulpit below was mentioned in a document as early as 1612. In 1657 the panels of the pulpit were painted. Only the depiction of St. Paul was exposed during renovations in 1953. The inscription on the pulpit reads: "Zirde Georg Schmid / of the court anno 1657" and perhaps refers to the founder.
An altar in the choir from 1890 shows three choirs surmounted by neo-Gothic pinnacles . The crucifix is framed by Mary and John. The figures of Maria Magdalena and the church patron Matthew have been removed. The altar is framed by the neo-Gothic rulership chairs that were moved there after the rulers were removed in the 20th century.
There are also other foundations in the church. There are three flag holders from the 17th century on the gallery. They are intended to remind of Schenk Franziskus, who participated in the coronation of Emperor Ferdinand IV . Today the coats of arms of the bars, the church and Einersheim are on display. The chandelier in the nave came there in 1899 as a donation from Michael Veeh. Friedrich Ludwig von Rechteren-Limpurg-Speckfeld donated a stained glass window depicting the resurrection of Christ in 1890 on the occasion of a marriage anniversary . The gallery with coffered fields frames three sides of the nave.
Crypt
For centuries, the crypt served as a burial place for the deceased members of the Limpurg-Speckfeld family taverns. It was installed in the middle of the nave in 1626 and is now covered by three sandstone slabs. In 1911, Countess Thekla was the last of her family to be buried in the crypt. Count Icho von Rechtern-Limpurg-Speckfeld had the family's grave slabs removed before the sealing and placed in the inner courtyard of the fortified church.
Pastor
The names of the pastors of St. Matthew's Church have been handed down since the 14th century. In the 16th century the first pastors had Reformation ideas, even if Peter Kauffmann was the first Lutheran priest around 1550. From the 17th century onwards, the rule of the Limpurg-Speckfeld taverns residing in the village appointed the local pastors as court preachers in the castle. Most of the time, the pastors from Einersheim also presided over the deanery of the same name.
| Surname | Term of office | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Friedrich | gen. 1340 | |
| Hermann | gen. 1359 | signs the deed of foundation of the parish of Dornheim |
| Peter Nolt | gen. 1423 | |
| Kilian Schiler | -1477 | |
| Nikolaus Ochßner | 1477 – after 1503 | |
| Johann Bilgerim | gen. 1514, 1519 | also canon canon in Aschaffenburg |
| Johann Königsdorffer | † 1524 | |
| Balthasar Greulich | 1524-1526 | previously vicar in Haug Abbey , resignation 1526 |
| Wipertus Schenk from Schenkenstein | 1526-1550 | Appointed February 25, 1526, also canon canon in Comburg, possibly supporter of the Reformation † 1550 |
| Wolfgang Distler | before 1550 | also vicar in the Haug Abbey, last Catholic pastor before the Thirty Years War |
| Peter Kauffmann | before 1550 – before 1553 | also a merchant |
| Georg Buel | gen. 1556, 1561 | later also Paul |
| Friedrich Pfeiffer | gen. 1567 | |
| Hieronymus Wilhelm | 1572-1578 | * in Dinkelsbühl , also Wilhelmi, studied in Wittenberg, previously a deacon in Marktbreit, pastor in Winterhausen, relieved of psychological problems |
| Pankratius Müller | 1578-1581 | * in Kirchenlamitz, studied in Wittenberg, previously pastor in Mainstockheim , then pastor in Gollhofen |
| Hieronymus politely | 1581-1593 | * in Königshofen, studied in Wittenberg, previously pastor in Hellmitzheim, temporarily looks after both parishes at the same time, † March 17, 1593 |
| Johannes Beyer | 1593-1611 | * in Gunzenhausen , also Bayer, Bair, imprisonment for extramarital misconduct, † September 14, 1612 |
| Jakob Glung | 1611-1612 | Parish administrator, * in Sulz am Neckar , previously castle preacher, then pastor in Hellmitzheim, † 1615 |
| Jakob Boehm | 1612-1618 | also Böheim, previously pastor in Herchsheim, appointed on January 2, 1612, † July 1618 |
| Johannes Schülein | 1618-1628 | * in Bietigheim , also Schielin, Calceolus, previously castle preacher, flees from Counter-Reformation, † probably 1652 in Lorch |
| Johannes Hain | 1628-1630 | * in Heidingsfeld , Catholic priest, installed by the cathedral chapter |
| Johann Limpert | 1630-1631 | Catholic priest, expelled from the Swedes on October 9, 1631 |
| Hieronymus Huber | 1631-1638 | * in Bamberg , previously pastor in Hellmitzheim, initially provided from Speckfeld Castle, † February 2, 1638 |
| Johann Heinrich Sauer | 1638-1639 | Parish administrator |
| Israel Hermann | 1639-1643 | * 1603 in Augsburg, then pastor in Sommerhausen, † January 19, 1647 |
| Nikolaus Höhn | 1643-1647 | * in Rothausen, previously pastor in Schwebheim, then pastor in Sommerhausen |
| Johann Heinrich Sauer | 1647-1653 | previously pastor in Lindelbach and Westheim, at the same time pastor in Hellmitzheim, provides from Hellmitzheim |
| Georg Düring | 1653-1660 | * September 24, 1617 in Kitzingen, appointed February 1653, then pastor in Winterhausen, † November 16, 1675 |
| Franziscus Mezzel | 1660-1666 | * 1635 in Obersontheim, appointed July 23, 1660, then pastor in Adelmannsfelden, † 1705 |
| Johann Georg Otho | 1666-1676 | * October 1, 1640 in Schwäbisch Hall, also Otto, studied in Strasbourg, previously pastor in Adelmannsfelden, appointed May 27, 1666, then pastor in Winterhausen, † November 16, 1710 in Winterhausen |
| Johann Wolfgang Braunwald | 1676-1678 | * in Wiesenbronn, possibly previously pastor in Sommerhausen, then pastor in Neustadt an der Aisch, Wonsees |
| Michael Ludwig Mulzer | 1678-1685 | * in Gollhofen, previously pastor in Michelbach an der Bilz, then pastor in Nenzenheim, † 1690 in Nenzenheim |
| Georg Friess | 1685-1700 | * September 30, 1650 in Kitzingen, previously pastor in Hellmitzheim, † June 15, 1700 |
| Georg Christoph Fries | 1700 | Parish administrator |
| Christoph Andreas Meister | 1700-1704 | * 13/23. August 1671 in Münchberg, studied in Wittenberg, previously pastor in Langensteinach, then pastor in Sommerhausen, court preacher in Weikersheim, † October 31, 1728 |
| Laurentius Wolfgang Woytt | 1704-1713 | * 1673 in Königstein or Kohlberg, previously pastor in Hafenpreppach, Aschenhausen, Bibra, member of the Pegnese Flower Order, arrested and escaped in 1712, then pastor in Edenkoben , Colgenstein , † December 12, 1739 in Colgenstein |
| N. Arbor | 1713 | Parish administrator |
| Georg Salomon Ziegler | 1713-1744 | * February 26, 1680 in Nenzenheim, studied in Jena, previously a deacon in Obersontheim, appointed October 1713, † March 4, 1744 |
| Georg Salomon White | 1744-1783 | * August 13, 1717 in Possenheim, studied in Jena, previously pastor in Pretsfeld, appointed August 5, 1744, also parish administrator in Possenheim, † June 11, 1783 |
| Johann Ludwig Stadelmann | 1817-1818 | Parish administrator |
| Johann Georg Konrad Dorsch | 1818-1848 | * September 29, 1776 in Gollhofen, studied in Halle, previously chaplain in Unterschüpf, pastor in Possenheim, appointed July 1, 1818, † November 20, 1848 |
| Johann Wiesinger | 1848-1849 | Parish administrator |
| Johann Christian Leonhard Seybold | 1849-1871 | * November 26, 1817 in Nuremberg , previously pastor in Lindelbach, appointed September 9, 1849, then pastor in St. Johannis, Ansbach, † January 23, 1891 |
| N. Doederlein, N. Elsperger | 1871-1872 | Parish administrator |
| Johann Christian Konrad Schmerl | 1872-1902 | * April 8, 1818 in Fürth , studied in Erlangen, previously pastor in Sommerhausen, Insingen, appointed April 18, 1872, appointment to the Church Council 1895, † January 31, 1902 |
| Emil Christian Caselmann | 1902-1910 | * June 7, 1860 in Dietersdorf, studied in Munich, previously vicar in Vestenberg, appointed November 1, 1902, then pastor in Wassertrüdingen, † August 4, 1939 in Munich |
| N. Rieger | 1910-1911 | Parish administrator |
| Karl August Eduard Bomhard | 1911-1918 | * March 15, 1880 in Abtswind , studied in Erlangen, Tübingen, previously vicar in Thannhausen, Nuremberg, pastor in Castell and Ziegenbach, father of Joachim Bomhard, appointed December 20, 1910, † November 3, 1918 |
| N. Meyer | 1919 | Parish administrator |
| Johann Martin Weigand | 1919-1946 | * September 15, 1879 in Markt Taschendorf, studied in Erlangen, Tübingen, previously pastor in Mühlfeld, Windischhausen, Rehlingen |
| Karl Engelhardt | 1947-1963 | * May 3, 1899 in Bächingen an der Brenz, studied in Erlangen, previously pastor in Gochsheim |
| Joachim Bomhard | 1964-1975 | * May 1, 1910 in Castell , son of Karl August Eduard Bomhard, studied in Munich, Erlangen, Tübingen, previously pastor in Michelrieth, in Kempten, Buch am Forst, Burgkunstadt |
| Hans Sommer | 1975-1988 | previously pastor in Vach, then pastor in Ansbach |
| Walter Hirschmann | 1988-1995 | previously pastor in Bronn, Floß in the Upper Palatinate, together with his wife, then parish administrator Einersheim |
| Martin East | 1996-2015 | * 1952, studied in Neuendettelsau , Tübingen, Erlangen, previously vicar in Frankfurt, Unteraltenbernheim |
| Ivo Huber | since 2015 |
literature
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide. Market wide 1993.
- Konrad Bedal: Village churches in Franconia. Continuity and change in design and equipment 1000–1800 (= publications and catalog of the Franconian Open Air Museum in Bad Windsheim, vol. 76). Bad Windsheim 2015.
- August Bomhard, Fritz Ortner, Franz Vogel: General description of the entire church system in the ev.-luth. Parish market Einersheim. Einersheim Market 1997.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia. Munich / Berlin 1999.
- Martin Ost: Church leader through St. Matthew. Leaflet in the church. no year
- Hans Sommer: Market Einersheim. In: Hartmut Preß (ed.): Deanery Markt Einersheim. Evangelical parishes in the Steigerwald. Erlangen 1978, pp. 58-59.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Summer, Hans: Market Einersheim . P. 58.
- ↑ Bomhard, August (among others): General description of the entire church system . P. 13 (map).
- ↑ Bomhard, August (among others): General description of the entire church system . Pp. 89-91.
- ↑ Summer, Hans: Market Einersheim . P. 58.
- ^ Hans Sommer: Einersheim market. P. 59.
- ^ Dehio, Georg: Handbook of German art monuments . P. 607.
- ↑ See: Ost, Martin: Kirchenführer .
- ^ Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. P. 115.
- ↑ Martin Ost: Church leader St. Matthew.
- ↑ Martin Ost: Church leaders.
- ^ Bedal, Konrad: village churches in Franconia . P. 196.
- ↑ Ost, Martin: Church leaders through St. Matthew .
- ↑ Bomhard, August (among others): General description of the entire church system . Pp. 30-81.
Coordinates: 49 ° 41 ′ 12.9 ″ N , 10 ° 17 ′ 32.3 ″ E