St. Remigius (Bonn)
The Roman Catholic Church of St. Remigius in Bonn is a Gothic three-aisled pillar basilica with a groin vault made of tuff from 1317. It serves the Münster parish as a branch church and is also used by the Catholic university community. The church building is a monument .
Location and description
The church and the monastery ensemble to the south stand in the middle of the old town of Bonn in the Brüdergasse. In front of the main entrance is a small square from which the viewer looks at the monumental west facade, the center of which is dominated by a large church window. The location in the center of the city has made it a real civic church for decades . The sacred building does not have a church tower , as it was built in the style of a mendicant order church in accordance with the tradition of the Franciscan order . There is only one roof turret on the ridge of the main nave. The monastery district is rounded off by an extensive garden in which a daycare center is housed.
history
From 1274 to 1806: St. Ludwig's monastery church
The construction was started in 1274/1275 by the Franciscan order , which the Archbishop of Cologne Engelbert II of Falkenburg had called to Bonn. They founded a new convent here and began to build a monastery under the Archbishop of Cologne, Siegfried von Westerburg . At the same time as the church, the brothers, who belonged to the Cologne Franciscan Province ( Colonia ), built a chapter house , workshops , a bakery , a summer refectory as well as a brewery and slaughterhouse , all located on a cloister. A first phase of construction was completed around 1317, so that the church with the choir could probably be placed under the patronage of St. Louis of Toulouse in 1318 . Building experts found out that further construction phases can be read on the church building, the church was not completed until the end of the 14th century. An east apse in the Romanesque style on the north aisle was evidently built in 1620 under Prince-Bishop Ferdinand of Bavaria . For this purpose, he donated a high altar , created by Franz von Gaugrelen and consecrated in 1644.
In 1689 the church was badly damaged by fire from Brandenburg troops, the roof of the church and its ridge burned down. The original interior furnishings were also destroyed except for a carved Mary chandelier and a half-length figure of the Mother of God . The Franciscans repaired the roof and restored the interior in 1738–1748.
The monastery was secularized and abolished in 1803 .
1806 until the end of the Second World War: the church becomes St. Remigius
In 1806 the parish of St. Remigius took over the church building , whose church (St. Remigius) on today's Remigiusplatz was destroyed by lightning in 1800 and had to be removed. Previously, parts of the old furnishings were brought to the rededicated Minorite Church. These included the marble baptismal font where Ludwig van Beethoven was baptized on December 17, 1770 by Pastor Cornelius Metternich, the large high altar and the Anna and Joseph altars . With the takeover, the patronage of St. Remigius of the demolished church was transferred to the previous Ludwig Church of the Franciscans.
A fire in the monastery complex in 1888 again destroyed the church roof, as well as the roofs of the monastery buildings and the cloister, which have now been profaned . In the subsequent redesign according to plans by the architects Johannes Richter and Carl Hupe in the neo-Gothic style from 1889 to 1891, the church received a new painting, the furnishings were changed and in 1899 the baroque high altar was removed. The new altar paintings were in the style of the late Nazarene . Ten windows with figurative representations and several windows with graphic patterns were made by the Cologne-Lindenthal glass painting company Schneider and Schmolz .
In the 1930s, a stair tower was added to the north aisle, for which old town houses had to be demolished. The city fathers built a row of shops in their place.
1945 to 2007: St. Remigius is redesigned several times
Towards the end of the Second World War , not only did the city of Bonn suffer severe damage, the church building of St. Remigius was also damaged: the roof of the north aisle burned down and a vault of the south aisle collapsed. In addition, almost all the windows were cracked, the roof of the sacristy collapsed, the entire masonry showed cracks and the baroque organ was unusable. The remaining monastery buildings, which were restored from 1889 to 1891, lay in ruins at the end of the war. It took five years before the church was usable again. The reconstruction was done by the Bonn architect Toni Kleefisch (1888–1975), who incorporated parts of the neo-Gothic west facade, but did not design the roof turret based on the model from 1900, but smaller and more unadorned . The cloister of the monastery could be restored from 1955, which was followed by a completely redesigned monastery wing. A parish and youth home was also built and a house chapel was added to the sacristy, with glass facing the church choir.
From 1957 to 2007 the church was again a monastery church under the care of the Franciscan Minorites . In 1889 the Franciscans took over pastoral care at the Kreuzbergkirche on the Kreuzberg , where they stayed until 1968; In 1969 they founded the Franciscan Mission Center in Bad Godesberg .
Since 2006
In 2006 the independent parish of St. Remigius merged with the parish of St. Martin. The church and the monastery of St. Remigius became the seat of the Catholic University Community (KHG Bonn). With this move of the KHG, the vocal ensemble of the KHG also moved from the - now Old Catholic - Namen-Jesu-Kirche to the former monastery complex. In 2007, the Community took Chemin Neuf pastoral care at St. Remigius and has since also for the university - pastoral charge.
Exterior architecture
The church building was made of tuff from the surrounding area. As a pillar basilica with the choir, which includes five sides of the octagonal floor plan, it is one of the typical mendicant churches. The very high central nave with a steep monopitch roof is dominant . Pointed arched windows and buttresses on the choir and on the sides of the west facade structure the exterior of the building. This side of the building is dominated by a huge niche in the west side, encompassing the portal and the centrally installed narrow pointed arch window. Above the two-winged portal there is a sculptural stone group of St. Anthony , signed P. Welter. The rose window in the pointed gable above the niche was added during the reconstruction in 1889, it replaces three earlier small pointed arch windows.
Interior
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Architectural features
In order to absorb the construction loads, the long sides of the church building were not given an external buttress, but rather the struts were built into the walls of the aisles. Your inner walls are therefore divided by pointed arch niches with rectangular wall templates. Round pillars without decorative capitals form the supports for the central nave. The choir windows are framed by three-lane tracery . A four-lane tracery adorns the high, narrow west window. (Architects were able to reconstruct the different construction times from the different tracery forms and different column bases; however, there are no documents about this.)
Choir room, altars and pillar decorations
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During the baroque period there were eight other altars in the church in addition to the high altar.
In the apse there are choir stalls as well as a niche with a depository (storage or filing location) and a piscina , the pointed gable of which is adorned with four-pass tracery.
A lectern decorated with a carved eagle, which has its place in the choir, is assigned to the late 19th century.
The first high altar, which still came from the old Remigius Church on Römerplatz, was moved to the church building described here in 1806. After it was removed in 1889, it was taken to the abbey church on Michaelsberg in Siegburg in the 1910s , where it was destroyed in the Second World War. However, the parish had previously removed and deposited the altarpiece depicting Clovis's baptism along with other altarpieces. But the war also destroyed these.
The first high altar was followed by the winged altar, consecrated in 1858 and donated by the Kunstverein for the Rhineland and Westphalia.
In the east yoke of the south aisle, a new altar was erected, designed by painters on the subject of "The Church" between 1882 and 1893 in the Nazarene style. Participants included Franz Ittenbach , Karl Müller and Franz Müller (Annenaltar, Marienaltar).
The altarpieces were removed from their frames in 1942 to protect them from possible war damage and brought to Friesenhagen in the Bergisches Land. Between 1949 and 1951 the pictures returned to Bonn and were put up again with a simple frame. Since the interior was to be redesigned in accordance with the less pompous church furnishings discussed at the time, the altar paintings were again removed and stored during the renovation in 1957–1961, albeit under very poor conditions. After years of restoration , the Nazarenes were put back in the church in 2000 and consecrated with a festive service on March 25, 2000.
Another altar in the western yoke of the southern aisle contains a painting by Hein Gernot in the 18th century with the miracle healer von Kevelaer .
Another marble altar of St. Antonius , which Hofkammerrat Nikolaus Broggia had donated and which was erected in the north aisle in 1758. After the First World War, the St. Remigius congregation also handed over this altar to the church of the Benedictine abbey on Michaelsberg, where it was also a victim of the destruction in the Second World War.
On an arcade pillar on the right (southern) side of the chancel, a large wrought-iron wall sconce with rocaille decoration , which dates from the middle of the 18th century, is striking.
The old furnishings, which existed until the fire disaster in 1689, also included a cycle of statues of the apostles on the pillars . The Marien chandelier, which had previously been hung in the choir vault and donated by the widow of Hofrat Arnold Heufft in 1626, was retained. It showed two carved figures of Our Lady , but was removed in 1748 for a better view of the altar. The sculptures positioned on it are attributed to either the carver Christian Rodt or the artist Jeremias Geisselbrunn . They found their way to the double church in Bonn-Schwarzrheindorf (one Madonna) and the Schnütgen Museum in Cologne (the second Madonna) on previously unexplained routes .
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Another statue of the Virgin Mary, executed as a half-length figure, is placed on a pillar on the east wall (the left side) of the central nave. Above all, art specialists infer from a comparison with the preserved high altar made by Geisselbrunn in the Jesuit Church of St. Mary of the Assumption in Cologne that the half-length first crowned the high altar in St. Remigius, which was dismantled in 1898.
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The choir windows have been completely redesigned from around 1962, they show decorations made from grisaille with plant motifs.
Pulpit, pews and confessionals
Almost unchanged and undamaged, the baroque pulpit from the beginning of the 18th century has stood the test of time. The fields of the octagonal pulpit made of dark stained wood are decorated with statuettes of the evangelists. However, two figures had to be reworked as copies due to theft. Remnants of an earlier colored design can be seen. The elaborately crafted and decorated sound cover made of the same dark wood is crowned by a gold-plated cross on a ball.
The pews in the central nave are kept relatively simple except for the carved cheeks, they were installed in the church around 1750. In the side aisle, some older benches have been preserved, which are decorated with acanthus leaves on the cheeks.
The confessionals , which were put into the church in the middle of the 18th century, have been preserved and were restored after 1945.
Aisles and refurbishment in the 21st century
In the choir of the north aisle there is a baptismal font from around 1740, which is made of marble and is assigned to the Rococo style. Its curved wooden lid is crowned by a dove as a symbol of the Holy Spirit .
In the south aisle, an epitaph commemorates Pastor Wilhelm Reinkens, who was particularly committed to the neo-Gothic decor of the church building in the 1880s.
In the late 1980s, the floor had to be replaced; it now consists of marble slabs with baroque motifs.
organ
The baroque organ that Beethoven also played on did not survive the last war. That is why the parish commissioned the organ builder Johannes Klais (Bonn) with a new building, which was installed on the gallery in 1957. The slider chests -instrument has 33 registers on three manuals and pedal . The action mechanism is mechanical, the stop action is electric.
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- Coupling : I / II, III / II, III / I (2006 added), I / P, II / P, II / P
- Playing aids : 2 free combinations
Bells
The earliest detectable bells consisted of two bronze - bells , one of which was cast by larger Gottfried Dinckelmeyer 1,751 and the lesser of Edmund Peppin in 1727th These bells were given away to the Kreuzbergkirche in 1849 and three bells were re-cast by Christian Claren in the same year, but they were destroyed on March 13, 1888 when the church burned with the roof turret. In April 1890, the French foundry Goussel-François delivered a new, now five-part bell with the disposition b 1 –c 2 –d 2 –es 2 –f 2 . The bells were named Maria, Joseph, Remigius, Antonius and Michael . This bell had to be delivered in the First World War as a metal donation for war purposes. In 1924 the parish had a new four-part bell installed; the formerly smallest bell in tone f 2 was not realized. The Second World War brought the same fate to this bell. A replacement came in 1954: The bell foundry Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock created four bells in the same disposition as the previous one. The bell tones are coordinated with the cathedral basilica. The two middle bells usually ring on weekdays, three to four bells on Sundays and public holidays. The bell rings a quarter of an hour before the start of the measurement.
| No. | Surname | Diameter (mm) |
Mass (kg) |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | St. Remigius | 847 | 370 | b 1 −4 | + HOLY REMIGIUS, EXAMPLE AND HELPER, PLEASE FOR US. + |
| 2 | Comforter of the afflicted | 762 | 275 | c 2 −4 | + I consecrate my brazen mouth to the troubled comforter, call for the morning, call for the evening, COMES WITH COMPLETE TRUST TO MILKY WOMEN. + |
| 3 | St. Joseph | 665 | 185 | d 2 −4 | + ST. I AM JOSEPH DEDICATED TO THE FATHER AND HELPER OF CHRISTIANITY. DRUM I CALL INTO THE COUNTRY, GO TO JOSEF! + |
| 4th | St. Anthony | 625 | 147 | it 2 −4 | + TO ST. ANTONIUS I AM CALLED THAT MANY HONOR IN THE CITY AND COUNTRY. + COME WITH YOUR WORRIES AND ASK TO THE OLD CHURCH OF THE MINORITES! + |
particularities
During the World Youth Day 2005 in Cologne , St. Remigius was one of the two Bonn spiritual centers. As a result of the positive experience of World Youth Day, Bonn students came up with the idea of opening the church for prayer in the evening. This event has been taking place regularly nine times a year since October 29, 2005 under the name Nightfever . The concept of this evening has found imitation in many other cities and is now one of the initiatives of the new evangelization in Germany.
Outside the naves
In the cloister, tombstones that had been laid on the floor of the church for decades have been hung on the walls since around 1985. In addition, there is a Vespers picture from the late Baroque period in a small chapel in the surrounding area . In the middle of the cloister stands a life-size stone statue of Our Lady made in the late 19th century on a neo-Gothic base.
literature
- Gisbert Knopp : The altar paintings of the late Nazarene in the church of St. Remigius in Bonn = workbooks of the Rheinische Denkmalpflege 56. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft , Worms 2002. ISBN 978-3-884621-85-1
- Andreas Denk , Ingeborg flag : Architectural guide Bonn . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01150-5 , p. 9.
- Stefan Bodemann: The history of the Klais organ in Sankt Remigius in Bonn from 1959 to 2006 , Bonn 2010.
- Peter Jurgilewitsch, Wolfgang Pütz-Liebenow: The history of the organ in Bonn and in the Rhein-Sieg district , Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1990, ISBN 3-416-80606-9 , pp. 5-11. [not yet evaluated for this article]
- Hans Peter Hilger: The parish and minority church St. Remigius in Bonn. In the series Rheinische Kunststätten , issue 170; 1987, ISBN 3-88094-573-X .
Web links
- Catholic university community Bonn
- Nightfever prayer evening in St. Remigius
- Vocal ensemble of the KHG Bonn
The now united parishes of St. Martin and St. Remigius do not have their own websites (as of April 2015).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Hilger: St. Remigius in Bonn ; ... p. 3.
- ↑ Reproduction of the baptismal certificate ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Ludwig van Beethoven
- ^ Moritz Wild: The master builder Johannes Richter and the neo-Gothic parish church of St. Nikolaus in Bonn-Kessenich . In: Landschaftsverband Rheinland , LVR Office for Monument Preservation in the Rhineland : Monument Preservation in the Rhineland , ISSN 0177-2619 , Volume 30, No. 3, 3rd Quarter 2013, Klartext Verlag, Essen 2013, pp. 116–125 (here: p 118).
- ↑ Kunst-Glasmalerei Schneiders & Schmolz GmbH Koeln-Lindenthal: List of a number of already executed glass paintings together with a few illustrations . Cologne 1902, p. 6 .
- ^ A b Hilger: St. Remigius in Bonn ; ... p. 4.
- ↑ a b c d e f Hilger: St. Remigius in Bonn ; ..., p. 6.
- ↑ a b c d e f Hilger: St. Remigius in Bonn; ... , p. 10.
- ↑ Gisbert Knopp: The Altar Paintings of the Late Nazarene in the Church of St. Remigius in Bonn , 2002, series: Arbeitshefte der Rheinische Denkmalpflege , No. 56.
- ↑ a b c d Hilger: St. Remigius in Bonn; ... , p. 14.
- ↑ Information about the organ on orgelsite.nl
- ^ German Hubert Christian Maaßen : History of the parishes of the dean's office in Bonn. Part I: City of Bonn . In: Karl Theodor Dumont (ed.): History of the parishes of the Archdiocese of Cologne . Bachem-Verlag, Cologne 1894, pp. 184-185.
- ↑ Gerhard Hoffs: Bell music of the Catholic churches in Bonn . Pp. 79-85.
Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 9.7 ″ N , 7 ° 6 ′ 11.6 ″ E