Lower Inn

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Protected areas of the Lower Inn​
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Au and water landscape Unterer Inn
Innspitz: The confluence of the Salzach and the Inn

The Bavarian-Upper Austrian environmental protection area Unterer Inn is located on the lower course of the Inn and comprises a series of barrages that have developed into a natural area of ​​worldwide importance within a good half century.

Habitat development

Despite its enormous importance as a trade route , especially for the salt trade , the Inn in its lower reaches until the middle of the 19th century was considered a wild river, up to ten kilometers wide and feared because of its floods. On August 31, 1858, a joint containment from the mouth of the Salzach to Passau was agreed by a Bavarian-Austrian state treaty . These measures took place from 1862 to 1930.

Then Innwerk AG built a number of large run-of-river power stations on the lower Inn from 1938 to 1965 , so that five large reservoirs were created from the mouth of the Salzach down to Passau , namely - downstream - the barrages Braunau-Simbach , Ering-Frauenstein , Egglfing-Obernberg , Schärding -Neuhaus and Passau-Ingling . The construction work involved the creation of large-scale flood protection facilities . Especially on the Bavarian bank between Bad Füssing and Neuhaus am Inn and on the Austrian bank between Antiesenhofen and St. Florian am Inn , dams , pumping stations and flood plains (including the bay in Suben ) were created.

Associated with this was a profound intervention in the ecological conditions. The course of the Inn became more varied again through the deposition of sediments , branch arms, oxbow lakes, bays and shallow water areas formed around the partially preserved alluvial forests.

Numerous mud-dwellers settled in the shallow water zones, especially worms and insects, which are the food source for the particularly numerous water birds on the Lower Inn. The breeding birds include the great egret , night heron , redshank , ruff and sandpiper , as well as many migrants and winter guests. A total of 275 species of birds have been identified, and over a hundred are found here every year. 20,000 birds per day and 250,000 per year were counted. Around a quarter of a million waterfowl come to the reservoirs in the winter months.

Protected positions

On November 28, 1972, the first nature reserve was established on the German side , with an area of ​​729.22  hectares in the Inn's reservoirs above the Ering-Frauenstein and Egglfing-Obernberg power plants and parts of the adjacent alluvial forests in the town of Simbach am Inn and in the communities of Stubenberg and Ering (district of Rottal) and in the communities of Malching and Bad Füssing (district of Passau).

On February 26, 1976, the lower Inn area could be included as the area Unterer Inn, Haiming-Neuhaus (No. 96) in the Ramsar Convention of Protected Wetlands of International Importance. It covers the entire chain on 55 river kilometers with a circumference of 1,955 hectares the four reservoirs from the Innspitz (mouth of the Salzach) at Haiming to the mouth of the Rott at the Neuhaus / Schärding barrage , 20 km south of Passau , the mouth of the Inn on the Danube.

In 1978, sub-areas on the Austrian side were placed under state protection as nature reserve Unterer Inn ( n112 ) (reservoirs Ering and Egglfing / Obernberg, traffic jam at the Neuhaus-Schärding level), and since 2002 it has comprised several separate areas - upstream - in the communities of Antiesenhofen , Reichersberg , Überackern , Obernberg am Inn , Kirchdorf am Inn , Mühlheim am Inn , Mining , St. Peter am Hart , Braunau am Inn and Mörschwang , with a protected area of ​​982 ha.

As a European bird sanctuary Salzach and Inn (DE7744301 / 7744-471), with 4,839 ha, the lower reaches of the Inn was declared in 1979.

At the same time, the region was awarded the title Lower Inn European Reserve by the Council of Europe . It extends across borders over a total area of ​​5,500 ha, approx. 3500 ha on the German and 2000 ha on the Austrian side.

December 16, 1982 the Upper Austrian bank was also designated as the Ramsar reservoirs on the Lower Inn ( No. 274 ), which with 870 hectares corresponds to the entire nature reserve, excluding the upstream section between Braunau and Mörschwang. Together the two Ramsar areas have 2825 hectares today.

From 1998 to 2002 the life project Unterer Inn mit Auen , an EU funding program, was carried out, and on the German shore - partially overlapping with the bird sanctuary - the FFH area Salzach and Unterer Inn (7744-371) with 5,688 hectares reported extends from Freilassing downstream.

In 1992, national protection in Bavaria was supplemented with the NSG Vogelfreistätte Salzach estuary .

In 2004, Upper Austria declared its Natura 2000 areas, namely the European protected area Unterer Inn (FFH and bird protection area, AT3105000 / eu01, ex nn05 ) and the additional FFH area Auwälder am Unteren Inn ( AT3119000 / nn19 ).

The former corresponds to the NSG / Ramsar area from Braunau to Antiesenhofen with 864 and 870 ha, which covers the river with the bank areas, while the latter includes 550 ha of adjoining alluvial forests (gray alder, white willow and ash meadows), extensive silting zones and other water areas.

BirdLife International runs the Important Bird Area Reservoirs on the Lower Inn in Austria ( AT037 ) with 1699 ha.

This means that today in Upper Austria over 14 km² and roughly the same amount in Bavaria are under express legal protection. So far, this has included the water bodies and islands between the dams on both sides of the Inn, and the adjacent alluvial forests in Austria, but not in Germany, so that there is still potential for protection here.

tourism

Information center of the European reserve

The information center of the European reserve is in Ering ⊙

Inntal cycle path and Inn-Salzach-Uferweg (long-distance hiking trail)

The Inntal cycle path runs through the area .

An alternative route to the European long-distance hiking trail E10 (which runs along the Rupertiweg for long stretches in Austria ), the Inn-Salzach-Uferweg , follows the Inn. It leaves the E10 (the main route of which is the Innviertelweg ) in the Hörzingerwald and leads to Reichersberg am Inn, there follows the towpath across the Austrian Innauen to St. Radegund , and meets the main route again in Ostermiething . The path is an easy tour with a total length of around 160 km. A branch of the Via Nova also runs along this route .

literature

  • Gerhard Aubrecht: The Inn reservoirs (Upper Austria, Bavaria) as a habitat for water birds of international importance. In: W. Seipl (Ed.): Wasservögel. Ecology as an adventure. Upper Austrian State Museum, Linz 1987, pp. 37–42 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • M. Brands, et al .: Natura 2000 - and bird sanctuary Unterer Inn. In: Informative. No. s2, Linz 2000, p. 13.
  • J. Eisner: AENUS project in the Ramsar area “Unterer Inn”. In: Informative. 3, Linz 1996, p. 9.
  • Josef H. Reichholf : Ecosystem Innstausee - How does a bird paradise "work"? In: Natural history station of the city of Linz (ed.): ÖKO.L magazine for ecology, nature and environmental protection. Volume 3, Issue 2, Linz 1981, pp. 9-14 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • H. Reichholf-Riehm, J. Eisner: Lower Inn with floodplains - opinions and views. In: Informativ 5, Linz 1997, pp. 8/9.
  • Josef H. Reichholf: The water birds on the Lower Inn. Results of 25 years of water bird census: dynamics of migration and winter populations, trends and causes. In: Mitt.Zool.Ges.Braunau. Volume 6/1, Braunau 1994, p. 92.
Selection according to the state of Upper Austria and BMLFUW

Web links

Commons : Lower Inn  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/artikel/artikel_44747 "On behalf of the Österreichisch-Bayerischen Kraftwerk AG (ÖBK) [..] the Innwerk AG built the power stations in Simbach-Braunau, Schärding from 1951–1992 -Neuhaus, Passau-Ingling, Nussdorf and Oberaudorf-Ebbs.
  2. ↑ Klara van Eyll : Deutsche Wirtschaftsarchive, Franz Steiner Verlag, 1994, p. 142 “[..] the Innwerk receives the order to build the Ering and Egglfing steps on the lower Inn; [..] "
  3. ↑ Österreichische Zeitschrift für Elektrizitätswirtschaft, 20th year, May 1967 issue 5, p. 187 point 6.14
  4. ↑ Unterer Inn nature reserve ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2002 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , rottal-inn.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rottal-inn.de
  5. ↑ Ordinance on the "Unterer Inn" nature reserve. From November 28, 1972 (GVBl p. 484), as amended by the Unterer Inn nature reserve - Edition 09/2005 200.35, Rottal-Inn and Passau districts (pdf)
  6. ↑ Lower Inn, category nature reserve. In: Genisys detailed view. State of Upper Austria, accessed on June 16, 2010 .
  7. ↑ Ordinance with which parts of the Lower Inn are identified as nature conservation areas, LGBl. No. 39/1978, i. d. F. of the state law LGBl. No. 80/1982 and the ordinance LGBl. No. 35/2000, expired LGBl. No. 148/2002
  8. ^ Ordinance of the Upper Austria. State government with which the "Untere Inn" is identified as a nature reserve, LGBl. No. 148/2002 (ris.bka)
  9. ↑ European reserve "Unterer Inn" ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the Rottal-Inn district @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.web.rottal-inn.de
  10. ^ European reserve Unterer Inn, nature reserve - bird sanctuary , simbach.de
  11. ↑ Reservoirs on the Lower Inn. In: UMWELTnet> Nature & Species Protection> Wetlands (Ramsar)> Ramsar areas. Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW), accessed on June 27, 2010 .
  12. ↑ The EU funding program “Life-Nature” ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , rottal-inn.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.web.rottal-inn.de
  13. ↑ Ecological Tourism in Europe (Ö.TE) eV (Ed.): Future- oriented tourism development in the Berchtesgadener Land district . Bon September 2005, p. 117 ( pdf ( memento of April 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), oete.de [accessed on June 16, 2010]). Future-oriented tourism development in the district of Berchtesgadener Land ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oete.de
  14. ↑ FFH area Unterer Inn (AT3105000). In: Genisys detailed view. State of Upper Austria, accessed on June 16, 2010 . European protected area Unterer Inn. In: Genisys detailed view. State of Upper Austria, accessed on June 16, 2010 . FFH and bird sanctuary Unterer Inn. (No longer available online.) In: land-oberoesterreich.gv.at> Natura 2000 protected areas. Province of Upper Austria, archived from the original on October 6, 2014 ; Retrieved June 16, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Regulation of the Upper Austria. State government with which part of the "Unterer Inn" nature reserve is designated as a European protected area. LGBl. No. 69/2004 (ris.bka)

     @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at
  15. ↑ FFH area Auwälder am Unteren Inn (AT3119000). In: Genisys detailed view. State of Upper Austria, accessed on June 16, 2010 . FFH area Auwälder on the Lower Inn. (No longer available online.) In: land-oberoesterreich.gv.at> Natura 2000 protected areas. Province of Upper Austria, archived from the original on October 6, 2014 ; Retrieved June 16, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
     @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at
  16. ↑ Important Bird Area factsheet: Storage lakes on the lower Inn. In: Data Zone. BirdLife International, accessed June 16, 2010 .
  17. ↑ Inntal Cycle Path ( Memento of the original from October 11, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , bayerninfo.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bayerninfo.de
  18. ^ Fritz Käfer: Österr. Long-distance hiking trail 10 - about 560 km Rupertiweg. In: long-distance hiking trail. ÖAV Alpenverein Weitwanderer , accessed on April 8, 2020 . Erika Käfer, Fritz Käfer: 10 Ruperti long-distance hiking trail. From the Bohemian Forest to the Carnic Alps . Ed .: ÖAV Alpenverein Weitwanderer. OEAV series, 2004. Feix, Werner Rachoy, Robert Wurst: 10 Ruperti long-distance hiking trail. Bohemian Forest Gastein Valley Carnic Alps . Styria series. Styria, Graz 1981.