Tatra Mountains 163 Jamal

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Tatra Mountains
Brno, Autotec, Nákladní automobil Tatra Jamal.jpg
163 Jamal
Manufacturer: Tatra (company)
Production period: 1999-2015
Previous model: Tatra 148
Successor: none
Technical specifications
Designs: Dump truck
Engines: V8 diesel, air-cooled
Perm. Total weight: up to 40 t

Jamal 163 is a heavy truck of the Czech brand Tatra , which was produced from 1999 to 2015. It was specially designed for use in difficult terrain. Special designs with reduced payloads have been developed for transport on public roads.

history

The Tatra Jamal stands in the tradition of heavy, all-terrain Tatra commercial vehicles: These include the Tatra 111 , which played a decisive role in the reconstruction of Eastern Europe after the Second World War , and the Tatra 148 , whose production was stopped in 1982. From then until the mid-1990s, Tatra only built trucks in front-wheel drive design.

One of the triggers for the development of the Jamal 163 was, among other things, the request of Russian customers from the Siberian Arctic for an all -terrain long- hood dump truck with an air-cooled engine. Such engines, as they have been built by Tatra for a long time, offer advantages over water-cooled ones: These include the simpler construction and greater operational reliability, especially at temperatures below freezing point.

The demand for a hooded vehicle resulted from the better accessibility of the engine for repair and maintenance work compared to front-wheel drive vehicles. At the same time, this offers better protection for the driver against external influences. However, the main reason for the customer's need for this type of construction was the wish that the driver could warm up in the cabin (which has an engine-independent heating system) during possible repairs at arctic temperatures (with front-wheel drive vehicles, the cabin must be tilted when accessing the engine).

A large number of prototypes were produced between 1995 and 1998. The extreme temperatures of Siberia in winter as well as the transport of heavy loads through deep morass in the transition months proved to be a particular challenge. In 1997 a prototype was tested in one of the harshest areas of the Siberian Arctic and later handed over to a gas exploration company .

After four years of development, series production began in 1999. In the same year, road approval was granted, initially for the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Russia. Production ended in 2015.

drive

Tatra T 163 Jamal

The Jamal 163 was with an air-cooled Tatra V8 - Turbo Diesel engine supplied with 12 to 14 liters and 210 kW (285 hp) to 320 kW (435 hp). In the specialist literature, engines with air cooling are considered to be poorly or not at all suitable for meeting demanding emission regulations with high engine performance. According to the manufacturer, the newly developed engines still complied with the emission limits up to Euro 5 . The company sees itself as the world's first (and so far only) manufacturer of trucks with an air-cooled V-8 diesel engine in accordance with the Euro 5 standard. On request, Tatra also offered water-cooled diesel engines from other engine manufacturers.

Cab

Until the early 1990s, the company had concentrated on the production of military vehicles and heavy civil trucks for the Eastern Bloc countries. The design and comfort of the cabs were neglected and not further developed; accordingly, they were considered obsolete and uncompetitive. With the Jamal 163, Tatra tried again for the first time in a modern truck driver's cab in order to meet current demands, including on the ergonomics of the workplace. Two seats were offered as standard. Because the engine was installed in front of the driver's cab, there was no engine tunnel: The floor in the cab was flat throughout, so that there was more freedom of movement and a third seat could also be installed. These seats were provided with side upholstery in order to offer the driver support even when tilted. Overall, the facility did not correspond to the comfort of western long-distance driver's cabs, but was comparable to that of other construction vehicles. In addition to the engine-independent auxiliary heating, air conditioning was available.

The bonnet was made from composite materials. To protect against noise emissions (which are usually higher in air-cooled engines), the inside was lined with sheet steel.

chassis

The main element of the chassis was the central tubular frame invented by Tatra, also known as the Tatra concept . Its advantages are increased torsional and flexural rigidity. In addition, it protects the internal components of the drive train against the effects of the terrain and the weather. The axes were designed as semi-axes oscillating independently of each other . This type of construction, in which the semi-axles swing around the drive shaft without joints, is another special feature of Tatra trucks that is not used by other truck manufacturers. The Jamal did not have a wheel hub reduction. It has three axles and is available with either four-wheel (6 × 4) or four-wheel drive (6 × 6).

properties

The basic concept typical of the Tatra region, deliberately kept simple by the manufacturer, with a central tubular frame and pendulum axles, resulted in very good driving characteristics in difficult terrain. At the same time, a robust construction was achieved which, together with air-cooled motors and the lack of sophisticated technology, requires minimal maintenance. The Jamal 163 was deliberately designed in such a way that any maintenance or repairs can be carried out without electronic diagnostic systems. The aim was to be able to repair the vehicle at any time, even in places remote from civilization - if necessary by the driver himself.

The conception as a hooded vehicle leads to a low vehicle height so that it can also be used in mines. Since the engine is in front of the front axle, the axle load is evenly distributed and, as a result, more stable driving behavior. The fording depth was 1,200 mm. The mountaineering ability was given as 90% for a total weight of 40 t. The tank capacity was 220 liters. To increase the range without refueling, fuel tanks with 320 and 420 liters were also offered.

Versions (selection)

  • Jamal T 163-321 RK4 : The version was offered as a chassis without a superstructure and was intended for superstructures for road administrations and municipalities as well as for one-sided tipping troughs. It had a permissible total weight of 33 t.
  • Jamal T 163-331 RK4 : The version was offered as a chassis without a superstructure and was intended for troughs that could be tilted on three sides . It had a gross vehicle weight of 38 t.
  • Jamal T 163-321 SK4 : The version was offered as a tipper with a trough that could be tipped on one side and a long protective roof over the driver's cab. It was intended for use both in difficult terrain and for road traffic. It had a payload of around 19 t and a gross vehicle weight of 33 t.
  • Jamal T 163-33 ESKT : The version was offered as a tipper with a body that could be tipped on one side. The hollow, open at the back, had a raised front wall with a long protective roof. It was intended for use in difficult terrain and was not approved for use on public roads in the EU . It had a payload of around 25 t and a gross vehicle weight of 40 t.
  • Jamal T 163-33 ESKT / 411 : The version was offered as a tipper with a trough that could be tipped on one side and a long protective roof. It was intended for use in difficult terrain. It had a payload of 24 t and a gross vehicle weight of 40 t. Without a payload (empty run) it is approved for use on public roads.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Svět motorů: Tatra Jamal a spol. . In: Svět motorů 45/2001 . Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  2. ↑ a b c : Tatrapage: Tatra 163 . In: tatra-page.kx.cz . Archived from the original on December 16, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 23, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tatra-page.kx.cz
  3. ↑ Automobile: Návrat kapotových vozů - T163 Jamal . In: Automobil 8/1999 . Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  4. ^ Robert Bosch GmbH (ed.); Konrad Reif (author), Karl-Heinz Dietsche (author) and 160 other authors: Kraftfahrtechnisches Taschenbuch . 27th revised and expanded edition, Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3-8348-1440-1 , page 417.
  5. ↑ Achievements developed in house Tatra trucks, undated; Retrieved June 15, 2012.
  6. ↑ 2006 Tatra Jamal Internet presence of a vehicle tester from May 31, 2012. Accessed on July 8, 2012.
  7. ^ Robert Bosch GmbH (ed.); Konrad Reif (author), Karl-Heinz Dietsche (author) and 160 other authors: Kraftfahrtechnisches Taschenbuch . 27th revised and expanded edition, Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3-8348-1440-1 , page 446.
  8. ↑ Jamal brochures (PDF; 4.2 MB) Technical data of the Tatra Jamal 163 (English), undated. Retrieved July 22, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Tatra 163 Jamal  - collection of images