Tatras 815

Tatra Mountains
Tatra 815 tipper
815
Manufacturer:	Tatra Mountains
Sales designation:	Tatras 815
Production period:	since 1983
Previous model:	Tatras 813
Successor:	Tatra Phoenix
Technical specifications
Engines:	Type T3-929-11, V10 diesel, naturally aspirated engine, air-cooled
Power:	283 hp 208 kW
Length:	6980 mm
Width:	2500 mm
Height:	3130 mm
Wheelbase:	3550 + 1320 mm
Perm. Total weight:	26.6 t

Tatra Mountains
Tatra 815 8x8 of the NVA
815 8x8
Manufacturer:	Tatra Mountains
Sales designation:	Tatra 815 8x8
Production period:
Previous model:	Tatras 813
Successor:	Tatra 815-7 and Tatra Phoenix
Technical specifications
Engines:	Type T3-930-51, V12 turbodiesel, air-cooled
Power:	360 hp 265 kW
Length:	9340 mm
Width:	2500 mm
Height:	3650 mm
Payload:	10 t
Perm. Total weight:	25.7 t

Tatra 815 is the name for an extensive and versatile family of vehicles from the Czech manufacturer Tatra . It includes trucks and tractors as well as chassis for special bodies.

history

According to a COMECON resolution from 1971, the Tatra works should in future cover the entire needs of the COMECON countries for off-road vehicles with a useful weight of up to 20 tons. In order to achieve the planned number of units, the production capacities were expanded considerably between 1972 and 1982 by building new plants. Development of the new Tatra 815 type also began in the early 1970s. The aim was to rationalize production by creating a basic type instead of the previous two series. The first prototypes Tatra 815 were produced in 1976 and 1977. In 1981 the production of an extended pilot series began, it comprised four to five vehicles per month. Series production then began in 1982, at which time the production of the Tatra 148 and Tatra 813 types that had been manufactured up to now was also discontinued. The 815 series has undergone numerous further developments over time and is still included in the production program of this manufacturer as Tatra 815-7 today (August 2020), but is only equipped with an air-cooled Tatra engine at the customer's request. Special designs such as the “Arctic” version for export to Siberia or vehicles for use in the tropics were also built. In 1997 the Tatra 815-2 served as the basis for the development of the new TERRNo 1 family of vehicles .

technology

The vehicles of the Tatra 815 series are manufactured from standardized components using the modular principle. These are vehicles with two, three or four axles. Chassis with five or more axles, for example for truck cranes , were also built. The following basic forms can be distinguished: trucks for road and off-road use, military and other special vehicles and chassis for special bodies from other manufacturers. What they all have in common is the typical Tatra basic concept with air-cooled motors, central tubular frame and pendulum axles .

Engines

The new T3 engine series was introduced together with the Tatra 815. It is air-cooled , OHV - direct injection with bore 120 mm and 140 mm stroke. The engine series was initially built in the following versions:

T3-928	V8 naturally aspirated engine	12,667 cc	170 kW / 2200 min -1	0840 Nm / 1400 min -1
T3-929	V10 naturally aspirated engine	15,825 cc	208 kW / 2200 min -1	1010 Nm / 1400 min -1
T3-930-30	V12 naturally aspirated engine	19,001 cm³	235 kW / 2200 min -1	1130 Nm / 1400 min -1
T3-930-53	V12 with turbocharger	19,001 cm³	265 kW / 2200 min -1	1295 Nm / 1400 min -1

With the introduction of the Tatra 815-2, the 10- and 12-cylinder engines were withdrawn from the range and exclusively charged V8 power units were used instead. They meet the norms of the emission class EURO II. (The engines of the emission classes up to currently EURO V are reserved for the vehicle family TERRNo 1). Engines from DEUTZ or CUMMINS were also installed for certain export markets.

In January 2009 the following EURO II engines will be offered for the Tatra 815-2:

T3B-928-50	V8 with turbocharger	12,667 cc	230 kW / 1800 min -1	1400 Nm / 1200 min -1
T3B-928-60	V8 with turbocharger	12,667 cc	255 kW / 1800 min -1	1570 Nm / 1200 min -1
T3B-928-70	V8 with turbocharger	12,667 cc	300 kW / 1800 min -1	1830 Nm / 1200 min -1

The air-cooled versions are particularly popular in the northern regions of Russia, as there is no risk of coolant freezing at arctic temperatures. However, the current Tatra vehicles are usually equipped with liquid-cooled engines that have been bought in, but the air-cooled Tatra engines are still available upon customer request.

Power transmission

The clutch is designed as a single-plate dry clutch. Initially, unsynchronized manual transmissions were used for most models, only types for predominantly road use received synchronized transmissions. Today the transmissions are generally synchronized. A five-speed gearbox with an upstream group is generally used. Tractors for heavy trailers and special vehicles are also provided with a two-stage intermediate gear, so that 20 forward gears are available for these vehicles. The vehicles of the 815 series are predominantly equipped with all-wheel drive, some with disengageable front axles. For the predominant road use, versions were also made in which not all axles were driven. In the current production program, the Tatra 815-2 is only listed in 4 × 4, 6 × 6 or 8 × 8 configuration. The rear axle differential and the inter-axle differential can be lockable.

chassis

The basis is the central tubular frame typical of Tatra . Its advantages are the high torsional and bending stiffness as well as the protection of the internal components of the drive train. The axes are designed as pendulum semi-axes. Different numbers of axles and wheelbases are implemented according to the modular principle. This construction gives the vehicles a high level of suitability for use off paved roads. Torsion bar springs are installed on the front axles, the rear axles are fitted with leaf springs or air suspension. There are versions with single tires and with twin tires on the rear axles. The steering is done mechanically with hydraulic assistance. In the versions with two front axles, both front axles are steered. The service brake system is a pneumatic dual-circuit brake with drum brakes on all wheels and an anti-lock braking system on all axles. It is combined with a spring-loaded parking brake, engine brake and dual-line trailer brake system. Today the vehicles are equipped with ABS.

construction

With the Tatra 815 series, the tilting cab was also introduced by this manufacturer. The forward control cab is available in different versions, as short and medium-length cabs as well as double cabs. In some versions, the short cabin is located directly above the front axle, with the ascent behind the front wheel. In most versions, the cabin is moved a little forward, and steps are in front of the front wheel. The vehicle superstructures are supported by a subframe. In addition to chassis, three-way tippers, dump trucks, flatbed trucks, semitrailer tractors and flatbed trucks are and are still delivered ex works.

Derivatives

The chassis of the Tatra 815 8x8 is the basis of the Czech self-propelled gun DANA . In addition, the 8 × 8 version was produced under license in India, where it forms the basis of the Pinaka multiple rocket launcher system.

photos

Two-axle

• 

  Tatra 815 fire brigade

• 

  Tatra 815 with drilling rig

• 

  Tatra 815 as a rally truck

• 

  Tatra 815 4x4 Tatrabus

Three-axle

• 

  Tatra 815 recovery vehicle AV-14 ex THW

• 

  Tatra 815 tractor unit

• 

  A Tatra 815 from the THW Staßfurt

• 

  Tatra 815 concrete mixer

Four-axle

• 

  Military truck Tatra 815 8 × 8 of the Czech Armed Forces

• 

  Tatra 815 with a BMP-2

literature

• Miroslav Gomola: History of Automobilů Tatra II . AGM-Gomola, Brno 2000.
• Michael Dünnebier: Trucks and buses from socialist countries . 1st edition. Transpress, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-344-00272-4 .

Web links

Commons : Tatra 815  - collection of images

• Tatra 815 on www.tatra.cz (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The technical data refer to vehicles that were manufactured in the first years of production. Michael Dünnebier: Trucks and buses from socialist countries . 1st edition. Transpress, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-344-00272-4 , page 42.
2. ↑ The technical data refer to vehicles that were used by the NVA from 1985 as transport and towing vehicles. NVA: Catalog 054/3/001, types of automotive engineering, data sheet no .: 07.44.00.
3. ↑ Military version 815-7
4. ↑ Michael Dünnebier: Trucks and buses of socialist countries . 1st edition. Transpress, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-344-00272-4 , page 41.
5. ↑ Tatra 815 on www.tatra.cz ( Memento of December 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (English, January 2009)