Tatra trucks

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Tatra Trucks as

logo
legal form Akciová společnost
founding 1850 (1924)
Seat Kopřivnice , Czech RepublicCzech RepublicCzech Republic 
management
  • Petr Karasek (board member)
  • René Matera (Supervisory Board)
Number of employees 845 (2014)
sales 3.7 billion CZK (2014)
130 million EUR
Branch commercial vehicles
Website www.tatra.cz

Tatra advertisement on Karl-Marx-Allee in Berlin (2009)

The Tatra trucks as is a Czech automobile manufacturer based in Kopřivnice . Tatra is one of the oldest automobile manufacturers. Tatra gained fame through the development of the central tubular frame and especially through aerodynamic models such as the Tatra 77 and the Tatra 87 with air-cooled rear engine. These technical developments also serve as the basis for the later Volkswagen Beetle . After the Second World War, Tatra was nationalized; Planned economy processes tried to ban Tatra car construction in order to use the capacities of the Tatra works for all-terrain trucks. In the meantime, there was a shortage of representative limousines in international government circles, so that in 1956 the Tatra 603 was developed. With the Tatra 700 , the last passenger car came onto the market in 1996, the last rolled off the production line in 1999. Since then, Tatra has only manufactured trucks that also take part in the Dakar Rally .

After numerous changes of ownership, Tatra belongs to the Czechoslovak Group .

history

Tatra Mountains 12
Historical logo

Founding years

In 1924 the Tatra works were created through the merger of the Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriks-Gesellschaft with the wagon factory Ringhoffer AG in Prague- Smíchov. The factories located in Czechoslovakia after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy were named after the highest mountain range in the country, the Tatra Mountains . The vehicles have been called Tatra since 1920, previously the brand name "Nesselsdorfer (Kopřivničan)" or "NW" (Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau) had been used.

The headquarters were moved from Vienna to Prague because Austria had become a foreign country after the war. At the same time, the Austro-Tatra was founded in Vienna as a general agency .

In the same year, the designer Hans Ledwinka developed the prototype 11, a car with a central tubular frame , air-cooled two-cylinder boxer engine at the front and a swing axle at the rear, popularly known as an iron because of the shape of its pointed, radiator-free front section. This was followed by a number of this construction line, also with four-cylinders. In 1931 the prototype V-570 was built, with a streamlined body and air-cooled two-cylinder boxer engine in the rear. This car did not go into series production, but can be considered the ideal predecessor of the German Beetle ; Ledwinka was friends with Ferdinand Porsche , and both of them had a lively exchange of ideas. The large, streamlined Type 77 followed in 1934 with an air-cooled V eight-cylinder in the rear with a 3-liter displacement and OHC valve control, which in the last pre-war stage was type 87 up to 160 km / h (thanks to the low drag coefficient of c w = 0.36). Ledwinka's son Erich played a key role in the development of this series . In the years 1947–1950, Miroslav Zikmund and Jiří Hanzelka took the Type 87 on a trip through three continents.

nationalization

Tatra 600 (1951)

After the Second World War , the new socialist leadership tried to convert the Tatra brand to truck production. The smaller version of the Type 87 with a 2-liter four-cylinder, the Type 600 Tatraplan , introduced in 1947, was relocated to the Škoda plant in Mladá Boleslav . However, this project was abandoned when the production of own representative vehicles became necessary. For this purpose, the Type 87-based models 603 (since 1956) and the Vignale bodywork Type 613 (since 1975) were built in a manual manner. As a last attempt in the car business, Tatra launched the type 700 in 1996 , but production was discontinued after two years. Since then, Tatra has limited itself to truck production.

All Tatra trucks are characterized by air-cooled V-engines, spur gear - differential gear , a central tube frame (also Tatra concept called) and all-wheel drive off. Thanks to the pendulum axles, they are suitable for off-road use.

The three-axle Type 111 with V-12 diesel became legendary (from 1943, some successors). A further development of the Type 111 was the heavy type 141 tractor, which was manufactured from 1958 to 1970 in the Bánovce nad Bebravou branch in Slovakia .

The light Type 805 with V-8 petrol engine, introduced in 1953, was mainly used in the armed forces. Production was soon stopped, as a decision by the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering in 1952 meant that Tatra should specialize in vehicles with a payload of 7 to 10 tons. Zikmund and Hanzelka made another trip around the world in 1959–1964 with the Type 805.

From the 1960s onwards, only 10-ton trucks were produced. In 1961 the Hauber type 138 went into series production and replaced the outdated type 111. A test site was built, which was mainly used to test the truck properties. Ten years later, after a further decision by the Ministry to specialize Tatra in future in all-terrain trucks with a payload of 12 tonnes or more, the type 138 was replaced by the type 148, which is still the most common hooded truck in the Czech Republic. The latest generation of Tatra hoods is the JAMAL type, which has been produced since 2001 .

1967 was heavy forward control type 813 presented, which was the successor of the type 141st This type is still considered to be one of the most all-terrain trucks. It is used successfully in trial races. A special feature is the independent suspension with extreme spring travel. There was a special version with a 1000 hp gas turbine for the armed forces. In the first reduced gear it reaches 3.6 km / h at full throttle and is able to salvage stuck tanks weighing 40 tons. The climbing ability is 100%, the fording depth 2.20 m. The fuel consumption is between 65 and 250 liters per hundred kilometers, and 500 liters per hundred kilometers in heavy rescue operations. The truck was not approved for the Paris-Dakar Rally because it was classified as a prototype. That is why Tatra participated with the successor type 815.

The type 815 followed in 1983, which was produced in large numbers and in various designs. The latest cab-over-engine bears the name TERRNo1. The Type 815 has won the Paris-Dakar Rally several times in the truck category.

Privatization, frequent changes of ownership and the end of car production

After the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, a controversial coupon privatization was carried out, even if Daimler AG expressed great interest in a takeover with continuation of production. The coupon privatization has not proven itself. Many company shares ended up in different funds. The result was a disagreement with regular changes of ownership and management. Another hurdle was the separation of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, when plants in the Slovak part of the country were lost.

Several previously elementary truck customers were lost due to the economic slump in the former Comecon countries . Tatra's rescue was a large shipment of military trucks to the United Arab Emirates .

Passenger car production also found it difficult to find buyers, especially because the Tatra 613-4 model was an unconventional design from the early 1970s as a luxury class sedan with a rear-engined engine for western ideas. Even the comparatively low price did not attract any well-funded customers in the West. Adjusted for inflation, a Tatra from 1993 would cost around 55,000 euros in 2017, a comparable Mercedes S-Class around 80,000 euros. In 1996 the successor model Tatra 700 was presented. Basically, it was an extensively modernized T613, with numerous innovations such as airbags , anti-lock braking system , cruise control and other equipment elements, at least at first glance, it was able to catch up. The Czech government expressed interest in the vehicle, but only ordered a small number of vehicles. One did not want to arouse negative memories of the socialist regime among the population, as high officials of the KSČ ( papaláši ) in particular were chauffeured in Tatras during this time and the private vehicles were never sold. Among other things, Prime Minister and later President Miloš Zeman was driven in the T700. In 1999 the government ordered about 200 Octavia with a wheelbase extended by about 8 cm from Škoda for their authorities. In the same year Tatra stopped car manufacturing after less than 100 vehicles.

From 2002 to 2006 Tatra was majority owned by the American Terex Corporation. From 2006 Tatra was part of the Czech Blue River Group .

Tatra was the only engine manufacturer for trucks to offer an air-cooled V8 cylinder with Euro 4 and, since 2008, also with Euro 5. In addition to the Tatra Terrn ° 1, Tatra also offered the long-nosed Jamal. Production ranges from the 4 × 4 to the 16 × 16, as trailers can also be driven by a coupled shaft .

After the reunification, the main sales markets are Central Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary), Eastern Europe , Asia and Western Europe. The company Metallbau & Fahrzeughandel Gerhard Friedrich from Raesfeld is the general importer for Germany.

In August 2011, DAF Trucks N.V. acquired a 19% stake in Tatra. DAF Trucks N.V. now also supplies Tatra with engines and cabs. The first result of this collaboration was the Tatra Phoenix presented in September 2011 . The central tubular frame with axles and frame is produced by Tatra and the cab and engine are contributed by DAF. This and other Tatra models will in future also be sold through the official DAF dealer network.

In March 2013, Tatra was sold to a consortium of new owners at auction for $ 9.0 million after Tatra was declared bankrupt. In 2014 Tatra sold 850 trucks. 80% of this was exported. Tatra Trucks is currently part of the Czechoslovak Group based in Prague, a group of companies that focuses on traditional industrial operations in the former Czechoslovakia and is building on an economically positive development. In 2016, 1,326 Tatra vehicles were built.

museum

Technical Museum in Kopřivnice
Tatra 11 from 1923
Tatra Mountains 87
Tatras 603
Tatra 613-3
Tatra 700

There is a technical museum in Kopřivnice . Inside the building there are historic road vehicles, including passenger cars and off-road vehicles, which have won the Dakar Rally several times . Outside there is the Slovenská Strela train (Slovak arrow) .

Historic road vehicles

Passenger cars

Type Construction period
Tatra Mountains 10 1923-1925
Tatra 11 1923-1926
Tatra Mountains 12 1926-1934
Tatra Mountains 17 1925-1927
Tatra Mountains 20 1923-1925
Tatra Mountains 26/30 1927-1933
Tatra 26/52 1931
Tatra Mountains 30 1926-1930
Tatra 30/52 1929-1930
Tatra Mountains 31 1926-1930
Tatra Mountains 52 1930-1938
Tatra 52 sports 1930-1938
Tatra Mountains 54 1931-1934
Tatra Mountains 57 1932-1935
Tatra 57 A 1936-1938
Tatra 57 B 1938-1949
Tatras 70 1931-1932
Tatra 70 A 1934-1947
Tatra Mountains 75 1933-1942
Tatras 77 1934-1935
Tatra 77 A 1935-1936
Tatra 80 1931-1935
Tatra Mountains 87 1937-1950
Tatra 87-603 test vehicle 1950/1964
Tatra 90 prototype 1935
Tatra Mountains 97 1937-1946
Tatra Mountains 107 1946-1947
Tatra 201 prototype 1947
Tatra 600 Tatraplan 1947-1952
Tatra 600 diesel prototype 1952
Tatras 603 1956-1963
Tatra 603 A prototype 1955
Tatra 603 X prototype 1967
Tatra 2-603 1963-1968
Tatra Mountains 3-603 1969
Tatra 604 prototype 1954
Tatras 613 1973-1996
Tatras 623 1980-1998
Tatra 700 1996-1999
Tatra Prezident prototype 1994
Tatra V 570 prototype 1933

Racing and sports cars

Tatra 607, built in 1950, 1989 on the Nürburgring
Type Construction period
Tatra 12 Targa Florio 1925
Tatra 30 sport 1926
Tatra 601 Monte Carlo 1949-1952
Tatra 602 Tatraplan Sport 1949-1952
Tatra 2-603 B5 1966-1967
Tatra 2-603 B6 1968
Tatras 605 1956
Tatra 607 monoposto 1950
Tatra 607-2 monoposto 1951-1958
Tatras 625 1986
Tatra dolphin 1963
Tatra JK 2500 1954

Off-road vehicle

Type Construction period
Tatra V 750 1935-1937
Tatra V 799 1938
Tatra V 809 1940-1942
Tatra 57 K 1941-1948
Tatra Mountains 82 1935-1937
Tatra Mountains 92 1937-1941
Tatra Mountains 93 1939
Tatra 803 prototype 1950
Tatra 804 prototype 1951

Minibus and transporter

Tatra microbus in Bratislava
Type Construction period
Tatra 603 MB (microbus) prototype 1961
Tatra Beta (pickup truck) 1996-1999

Trucks

Tatras 141
Tatra 148
Tatra 813 8 × 8 with a Soviet GAZ-63 on the loading area
Tatras 815
Tatras TERRNo1
Tatra TERRNo1 8 × 8 in gold exploration, Western Australia
Type Construction period
Tatra TL 2 1915-1924
Tatra TL 4 1916-1924
Tatra Mountains 13 1924-1933
Tatra Mountains 22 1934-1935
Tatra Mountains 23 1926-1931
Tatra Mountains 24 1926-1931
Tatra Mountains 25 1933-1934
Tatra Mountains 27 1930-1947
Tatra Mountains 28 1931-1935
Tatra Mountains 43 1931-1938
Tatra Mountains 49 1929-1930
Tatra Mountains 72 1933-1937
Tatra Mountains 81 1939-1942
Tatra 84 prototype 1935
Tatra Mountains 85 1936-1941
Tatra Mountains 111 1942–1962
Tatras 114 1947-1948
Tatras 115 1948-1949
Tatra 116,117,120 2-axle prototypes 1948-1952
Tatra 118,119,122 3-axle prototypes 1948-1952
Tatras 128 1951-1952
Tatra 130 prototype 1951
Tatra 131 prototype 1951
Tatra 137 prototype 1956
Tatras 138 1959-1971
Tatras 141 1957-1970
Tatras 147 1957-1961
Tatra 148 1972-1982
Tatra 157 prototype 1972-1974
Tatra 165 prototype 1994-2000
Tatras 805 1953-1960
Tatras 813 1967-1982
Tatras 815 1982-2008

Omnibuses & trolleybuses

Type Construction period
Tatra Mountains 24 1926-1931
Tatra Mountains 27 1930-1947
Tatra Mountains 43 1931-1938
Tatra Mountains 72 1933-1937
Tatra Mountains 86 1936-1939
Tatras 114 1947-1948
Tatra 400 1948-1955
Tatra 401 prototype 1958
Tatra 500 1954-1957

Military vehicles

The Tatra 815 as a THW emergency vehicle
Type design type Construction period
Tatra Mountains 111 truck 1942–1962
Tatras 805 light truck 1953-1960
Tatras 809 Half-track
Tatras 813 heavy truck 1967-1982
Tatra OT-64 Armored car 8x8 in cooperation with Poland based on Tatra 813
Tatra OT 810 Half-track vehicle - replica of the German medium SPW Sd.Kfz. 251
DANA Self-propelled howitzer , chassis and drive of the Tatra 815
Next Titus 6x6 armored vehicles , in cooperation with Nexter Systems 2013–

Snowmobile

Tatra snowmobile
Type Construction period
Tatra V 855 1942

Historic rail vehicles

Tower railcar of the ČSD series M 120.4

Historic aircraft

Tatra 101
Type design type Construction period License
Tatra T-001 Sport plane 1937
Tatra T-101 Sport plane 1938
Tatra T-126 Trainer aircraft 1937 Avro 626
Tatra T-131 Sport plane Bucker Bü 131
Tatra T-201 Sport plane 1938
Tatra T-301 Sport plane 1938

Current road vehicles

Truck (civil)

Tatra 163 JAMAL
Type design type Construction period
Tatra 815-2 TERRNo1
Tatra 163 JAMAL since 1999
Tatra Phoenix since 2011

Trucks (military)

Type design type Construction period
Tatras 810 since 2008
Tatra 815-2 TERRNo1
Tatra 815-2 ARMAX
Tatra 815-7
Tatra 816 FORCE

Timelines

Timeline of the Tatra and Nesselsdorf models (1897–1952)
Type Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriks-Gesellschaft Tatra as
1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s
6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2
Small car 11 12
57 / 57A / 57B
Middle class T 20th 30th 54 97 107 600
D. S4 30/52 52
C. L. 75
Upper class president A. B. E. F. J30 S6 U 10 17th 31 70 / 70A 87
J40 77 / 77A
80
Off-road vehicle 57 K
V 750 V 799 V 809
82/92/93
Vans 49
26/30 / 26/52 72
13
43
truck K 25th 114 / 115
M. TL2 23 27 / 28 128
R. TL4 24 22nd 85
81 111 ...
omnibus O SO TO 86 400 ...
  • Model by Nesselsdorf
    		•
    Timeline of the Tatra models (from 1953)
    Type 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
    3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1
    Upper class 603 613 700
    623
    Vans beta
    truck 805
    141 810
    147 813 163 / Jamal
    ... 111 138 148 815 / 815-6 (816) / ARMAX / TERRN ° 1 / 815-7 (817)
    omnibus ... 400
    500

    Web links

    Commons : Tatra vehicles  - collection of images

    literature

    • Ivan Margolius & John G Henry: Tatra - The Legacy of Hans Ledwinka . SAF Publishing Ltd, 1990 ISBN 978-0-946719-06-8
    • Ivan Margolius & John G Henry: Tatra - The Legacy of Hans Ledwinka . Veloce, Dorchester, 2015 ISBN 978-1-84584-799-9
    • The Tatra concept of the automobile. In: Motor Vehicle Technology 7/1957, pp. 262–263.

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Company Profile
    2. ^ Company Bodies
    3. ↑ a b c preliminary results of TATRA TRUCKS for 2014 , at www.tatratrucks.com , accessed on October 24, 2015
    4. ↑ Converted at the rate on December 31, 2014
    5. ↑ All-wheel drive monster: This giant caterpillar has the 16x16 drive. In: focus.de, November 25, 2015 (accessed November 22, 2018)
    6. ↑ DAF Trucks acquires minority stake in Tatra . In: auto.de . August 3, 2011 ( auto.de ).
    7. ↑ Tatra Phoenix 8x8: Risen from muddy mess (photo gallery). In: Transport . June 2, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016 .
    8. ↑ http://www.tatraworld.nl/2013/03/21/new-owners-at-bankrupt-tatra-promise-not-to-lay-off-companys-employees-ronald-adams-comments-on-his -future /
    9. ↑ TATRA TRUCKS produced 1,326 vehicles in 2016 Production has grown by 56 percent year-on-year , at www.tatratrucks.com , accessed on June 17, 2017