Königsborn (Unna)

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Wind pumping station of the former Königsborn salt works

Königsborn is a northern part of the city and a locality (within the meaning of the North Rhine-Westphalian municipal code ) of the district town of Unna in North Rhine-Westphalia , east of Dortmund on the border between the Ruhr area and Münsterland . With 14,566 inhabitants (2013), the place is the second largest town in Unna.

geography

Königsborn is located north of the city center of Unna. To the west of the district is Afferde, which also belongs to the city of Unna . To the north are the Alte Heide district and the town of Kamen, which is part of the Unna district . The Königsborn settlement area adjoins the center of Unna immediately to the north and otherwise has no direct transitions to other settlement areas.

Königsborn has a heterogeneous settlement structure. In the south, on both sides of Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse and in the southern area of ​​Platanenallee, larger single-family houses and villas dominate. To the north of it is the spa park. In the north of the district there is a mixed housing development. There are also several mining settlements here . To the southeast of the Unna-Königsborn train station is the Königsborn Süd-Ost high-rise estate, which has long been considered a social hotspot. In the meantime, however, extensive renovation measures are taking place in the settlement.

The Glückauf barracks and several industrial areas are located on the northern edge of Königsborn .

Surname

The place name "Königsborn" means the king's well and goes back to a brine well of the same name that was first sunk there in 1734 with the financial help of the Kingdom of Prussia . While King Friedrich Wilhelm I was honored with the name Königsborn , a brine fountain was named "Friedrichsborn" in 1747 in honor of the Prussian King Friedrich the Great . However, it is not certain that this was a renaming of the same well.

history

Map of the Königsborn salt works from 1799 (north is below) with Lehngut Haus Brockhausen
Commercial and residential buildings on the former Brockhausen estate

The district around the Lehngut Haus Brockhausen was created (not to be confused with the Oberhof Brockhausen in Unna-Afferde, which is still preserved today), on whose former site the Unna-Königsborn teaching and research institute, which is also known beyond Unna, was located on its former site was operated.

Since the Middle Ages (1389), table salt has been extracted from brine in the area of ​​today's Königsborn . In 1734 the Prussian state founded the Königsborn saltworks and expanded it to become the most important saltworks in Westphalia. The round wind pump tower on Friedrichsborn built in 1750, including the pump keeper's house ( half-timbered ), is still reminiscent of the former saltworks (the wind turbine was dismantled before 1925). In 1799, the Königsborn saltworks also commissioned the first steam engine (called the “fire machine ”) in the Prussian western provinces for brine extraction , even before steam engines were used to hold water in coal mining . With the increasing development of salt deposits and the expansion of the saltwater spa at the beginning of the 19th century, the place gained national importance as Bad Königsborn .

Cross-section through the fire engine of the Königsborn salt works built in 1799

Salt production and spa operations remained an essential branch of the Königsborn economy until 1940/41. At the same time, however, the industrial production of hard coal by the Königsborn colliery , which continued until 1966, had led to a profound structural change in the Königsborn region from 1874 onwards . In 1876 the railway line from Dortmund-Süd via Unna-Königsborn and Lenningsen to Welver was established. Since the Adler brewery was founded in 1867, Königsborn also had its own brewery on the site of today's district building.

View of Kaiserstraße, today's Friedrich-Ebert-Straße, at the level of houses 84–88 and 77–81 (before 1913)

Spa operations and industrialization led to lively urban development. In the spa park and in the immediate vicinity, a spa house and bath house as well as a spa clinic (Villa Quisisana) were built . Although these three buildings have been destroyed in the meantime, many historical buildings still bear witness to the heyday of Bad Königsborn : in the spa gardens, next to the location of the former spa house, the restored office building (former administration of the brine operation) and the also renovated Siedeinspectorhaus . On the other side of today's Friedrich-Ebert-Straße is u. a. the former Siedemeisterhaus and later post office (Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 76) have been preserved. From the lush park furnishings, the Monopteros (a round white pillar canopy in the classicism style ) , which used to be located by a pond, is still there, as well as several small monuments - among others for Friedrich Grillo and Reinhard Effertz .

Many historical buildings have also been preserved along Friedrich-Ebert-Straße (formerly Kaiserstraße) by the Kurpark: residential and commercial buildings in different styles of historicism were built here . Some were inhabited by saltworks officials (including "double villa" Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 84/86), others were built as private houses by industrialists and other wealthy Unna citizens. These include, for example, the villa of the owner of the Adler brewery and well-known engineer August Klönne (today Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 60, architecturally disfigured by an additional floor), in which the Hellweg Museum was housed from 1928. Significant solitary buildings are above all the former administration building of the Klöckner company and today's Unna District Court , which has clear stylistic Art Deco echoes, as well as the Protestant Christ Church ( Art Nouveau ) and the brick building of the Catholic Sacred Heart Church ( neo-Gothic ).

Today's Königsborn life center developed from the former children's health clinic (Barmer Ferienkolonie) opposite the Friedrichsborn . Today, children, adolescents and adults with neurological disabilities or brain damage, people in a vegetative state and in recovery phases, are prepared for a return to everyday life according to the most modern knowledge or are cared for over the long term.

Picture gallery

  • Buildings from the heyday of the saltworks

  • Office building from 1815 (administration of the Königsborn salt works)

  • Old Siedeinspectorhaus at the Kurpark Königsborn

  • Old Siedemeisterhaus at the Königsborn spa gardens

  • The Monopteros in the Königsborn spa gardens

  • Round wind pump tower on Friedrichsborn

  • Memorial for Friedrich Grillo opposite the former office building

  • Monument to Reinhard Effertz in the spa gardens

timeline

(after Willy Timm (1931–1999), city archivist and most important local historian in Unna)

  • 860 and 864: First mention in lifting Register of Damenstift food than Oberhof Brockhausen.
  • 1361: Lehngut Haus Brockhausen is first mentioned in a document.
  • 1389: Count Engelbert III. von der Mark gives the Sälders von Brockhausen civil rights to the city of Unna.
  • 1429: Count Gerhard von der Mark decreed: "Only the salt who lives in Brockhausen may boil".
  • 1448: During the Soest feud , mercenaries of Count Gerhard von der Mark destroy the salt works in Brockhausen.
  • 1489: For the first time we speak of the Erbsälzern of Brockhausen.
  • Around 1600: The first graduation towers are built to reduce boiling costs. Mayor Winhold von Büren buys Brunnen der Erbsälzer and becomes the main partner.
  • 1681: The Zahn family buys all of the Brockhausen salt works.
  • 1690: The state of Prussia tries to take over the Zahnische Salzwerke.
  • 1699: The state of Prussia releases the Zahn family from the salt tax after fire and storm until the salt works have been repaired.
  • 1724: The Zahn family offers their salt works to the Prussian state for sale.
  • 1734: The Mayor of Iserlohn, Hofrat Dr. jur. Johann Caspar Lecke sinks a well with financial help from the Prussian state. He was given the name "Königsborn".
  • 1745: The Königsborn salt works is taken over by the Prussian state.
  • 1747: Sinking of the Friederichsborn brine fountain.
Salzsieder-Gademe , simple accommodation for saltworkers , built around 1780
  • 1750: The wind pump is built on the Friederichsborn.
  • 1752: The salt transports make it necessary to expand the road from Unna to Kamen.
  • 1756: The Zahn family gives up salt works in Brockhausen.
  • 1770: Settlement of seven families in the Unnaer Heide ("Colonie").
  • 1780: The Ruhr becomes navigable as far as Langschede .
  • 1793: Freiherr vom Stein founds the miners' school for children of the salt works (today the Harkort School).
  • 1799: Commissioning of the “fire machine” (Vaersthausener Straße / An der Feuermaschine), the first steam engine in the Prussian western provinces, as a salt pumping station.
  • 1801: Accidental discovery of hard coal while drilling a brine well.
  • 1817: Construction of the office building by Oberbergrat Bertram Rollman.
  • 1818: The Luisenbad is opened.
  • 1852: Construction of the bath house for salt pans.
  • 1858: The Luisenbad is closed.
  • 1867: Merchant Vaerst and Rademacher found the Adler brewery.
  • 1873: The large industrialist Friedrich Grillo from Essen purchases the Königsborn salt works for 300,000 thalers.
Refurbished former colliery settlement
  • 1874: Beginning of the sinking of shaft 1 of the Königsborn colliery .
  • 1876: The Bergisch-Märkischen-Eisenbahn from Dortmund-Süd to Welver with the Königsborn station goes into operation .
  • 1880: First visit by children from Barmen for a cure in Bad Königsborn.
  • 1880: R. Effertz is appointed director of the Königsborn union.
  • 1881: Coal production at shaft 1 is started.
  • 1882: On May 15th, the Bad Königsborn brine and thermal baths and the spa gardens are opened
  • 1882: Construction of the Kurhaus with restaurant.
  • 1882: Children's health resort Barmer Feriencolonie is inaugurated.
  • 1890: The Königsborn union erects a memorial in the spa gardens for its founder Friedrich Grillo.
  • 1892: The Overberg School is built (today the school at Friederichsborn).
  • 1892: The industrialist August Klönne buys the Adler brewery.
  • 1895: Renaming of the Königsborn union to Königsborn Aktien-Gesellschaft for mining, saltworks and brine baths .
  • 1897: The city's gas and water works are put into operation on Zechenstrasse.
  • 1898: Construction of the first Protestant building in Königsborn, the so-called children's school on Kamener Straße, today's youth center "Taubenschlag".
  • 1900: The miners' settlements at Grillostrasse, Wilhelminestrasse and Hermannstrasse are built.
  • 1901: The Villa Quisisana becomes the spa clinic of the spa doctor Carl Wegele .
  • 1902: Foundation stone laid for the Catholic Church.
  • 1903: The Catholic Church is consecrated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
Ev. Christ Church, an Art Nouveau building (1904/1905)
  • 1904: Foundation stone laid for the Protestant Christ Church .
  • 1904: Shaft 1 stops coal production.
  • 1905: Inauguration of the Evangelical Christ Church on May 25th.
  • 1907: Renovation and enlargement of the spa park including electrification .
  • 1907: Construction of the administration building of Königsborn Aktien-Gesellschaft for mining, saltworks and brine baths.
  • 1909: Opening of the Unna-Kamen- Werne tram line .
  • 1923: The Königsborn Actien Gesellschaft für Bergbau-, Salinen- and Brine baths merges with the Klöckner-Werke.
  • 1932: On June 7, 1932, the fire engine was shut down.
  • 1940: The Königsborn saltworks are closed.
  • 1941: At the end of the bathing season, the spa is closed.
  • 1945/46: Demolition of the last remains of the graduation tower.
  • 1954: The Brockhausen fiefdom is demolished.
  • 1958: Opening of the teaching and research institute for small animal breeding Unna-Königsborn, on the grounds of the Brockhausen fiefdom.
Ev. Paul Gerhardt Church
  • 1964: On July 18, the Feuermaschine cultural monument is demolished.
  • 1968: The administrative building of Klöckner AG becomes the seat of the local court.
  • 1970: Merging of the Overberg and Harkort schools as the “Schule am Friederichsborn” elementary school.
  • 1970: Inauguration of the Evangelical Paul Gerhardt Church.
  • 1978: The Kurhaus falls victim to a fire.
  • 1982/83: The city of Unna takes over the building of the teaching and research institute for small animal breeding Unna-Königsborn.
  • 1983/84: The Travados children's circus and the youth art school take over the buildings of the Unna-Königsborn teaching and research institute for small animal breeding .
  • 1994: Westphalian Literature Office takes its seat in Friedrichsborn.
  • 2011: The two evangelical parishes (Paul Gerhardt parish and Christ parish) merge to form the Ev. Parish of Königsborn.

Residents

The district of Unna-Königsborn had a total of 13,503 inhabitants in 1987 and 14,566 in 2013.

Economy and Infrastructure

Königsborn market with the "Taubenkasper"

Due to its proximity to the Kamener Kreuz motorway junction , the northern part of Königsborn between Kamener Straße and Hammer Straße has rapidly developed into an attractive business location in terms of transport technology since the 1970s. After only the Bundeswehr's Glückauf barracks, which still exist today , knew how to use the convenient location at the Kamener Kreuz, the VDM ( Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke , later part of Krupp AG ) built a state-of-the-art on the extensive area south of the barracks in the 1970s Steel mill. In the 1980s, this area was developed as an industrial park with its own rail connection, which today u. a. is used by DHL for a central high-bay warehouse . Also in the 1980s, the Unna site administration , which has since been dissolved, settled opposite the main gate of the Glückauf barracks.

traffic

Unna-Königsborn train station

The Welver – Sterkrade and Fröndenberg – Kamen lines crossed at the Unna-Königsborn station . The eastern section from Königsborn to Welver was taken from the former and the northern section from Königsborn to Kamen was closed and dismantled from the latter . The S-Bahn line 4 Dortmund-Lütgendortmund -Unna, which connects Königsborn with the inner cities of Dortmund and Unna, runs on the remaining sections . The trains have to change direction in Königsborn.

From north to south through Königsborn (coming from Kamen) the state road L 678 leads through Königsborn to Unna. Between Kamen and Königsborn a descent of the motorway A 1 from Cologne via Dortmund to Munster and Bremen. The famous Kamener Kreuz is located directly north of this exit .

Sports

Local sports clubs are:

Sons and daughters of the district

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ District town of Unna: On the history of the Hellweg Museum. A brief outline (accessed July 7, 2016). There is also a picture of the villa in its original state.
  2. ^ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics (ed.): Population and private households as well as buildings and apartments. Selected results for parts of the community. Arnsberg administrative district . Düsseldorf 1990, p. 292 .
  3. ↑ Inhabitants in the districts of the towns and municipalities of the Unna district on December 31, 2013 (EWO). Retrieved August 5, 2017 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 33 '  N , 7 ° 41'  E