Václavice
| Václavice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Benešov | ||||
| Area : | 825 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 47 ' N , 14 ° 37' E | ||||
| Height: | 295 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 591 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 256 01 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Benešov - Netvořice | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 3 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Zdeněk Votruba (as of 2019) | ||||
| Address: | Václavice 3 256 01 Benešov u Prahy |
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| Municipality number: | 532061 | ||||
| Website : | www.vaclavice.com | ||||
Václavice (German Wazlawitz , also Watzlawitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers west of Benešov and belongs to the Okres Benešov .
geography
Václavice is located at the confluence of the Václavický creek in the Janovický potok in the Beneschauer hill country . To the east is the Konopiště Castle . In the south rise the hills Hůrka (356 m) and Chlum (505 m), southwest of the Prostřední vrch (404 m).
Neighboring towns are Hrusice and Úročnice in the north, Zbožnice in the northeast, and Mydlářka Benešov in the east, Konopiště and Vatěkov the southeast, Chvojen, Kožlí and Přibyšice in the south, and Něštětice Černíkovice in the southwest, Chrášťany the west and Krusičany in the northwest.
history
The first records about the settlement of Vladislavice date back to 1110. Vladislavice belonged to the princely estates of the Přemyslids . In 1279 Kunigunde von Halitsch handed over the church in Vladislavice and the associated villages to the Lords of the Cross with the Red Star . Vladislavice was a royal oppidum at that time , which included the villages of Lhota Úroční (Úročnice), Krusvičany (Krusičany), Lačnice ( Chlístov ), Žabovřesky, Bukovská Lhota (Buková Lhotaž) and Zbožná Lhota (Zbožnice). It held several privileges and was subject to the laws of Prague's Old Town and the jurisdiction of a royal judge. Johann von Luxemburg pledged the oppido Wadislawicz with the six villages in 1336 to Ulrich von Kosteletz, who connected the area to his castle rule Kosteletz (Zbořený Kostelec). Kosteletz refused the lords of the cross the interest and raised new taxes from the subjects. After protests by the Grand Master Ulrich, Ulrich von Kosteletz and his descendants were obliged to pay church tithe to the Prague Order in 1341. At the request of the subjects, Margrave Karl and his father Johann von Luxemburg redeemed Wladislawicz's pledge from Ulrich von Kosteletz in 1342 . King Charles IV renewed the privileges in 1352. In 1368 he left Wladislawicz to the chapter of All Saints' Day at Prague Castle, which he donated . During the Hussite Wars , Wladislawicz was again pledged to the Kosteletz rule.
In 1450, Zdenko von Sternberg , who at that time was fighting on the side of Georg von Podiebrad against the Strakonice Union and had conquered and destroyed the Kosteletz Castle in 1449, received the desolate rule of Konopischt from the decayed Georg von Podiebrad , which he expanded to the west to include the district Wladislawicz . In 1495 an inheritance was divided between Zdenko the Younger and Jiřík von Sternberg. The latter received half of the town of Benešov, the Konopiště Castle and the Kozlí Fortress. Zdenko's share included the other half of Benešov, Ostroměř Castle and the desert Kosteletz Castle. The town of Wladislawicz also belonged to this share.
In 1496 Zdenko the Younger died without heirs and his property fell to the crown of Bohemia as a settled fief . 1497 enfeoffed King Vladislav II. Zdenko's cousin Ladislav Bechyňský von Sternberg with his share, including the town of Wadslawicze . Subsequently, Vladislavice lost more and more importance. Above all, the neighboring town of Benešov prevented an economic development of the place, which sank to the village. Under Adam von Sternberg, both shares were reunited in 1542, and he still owned Bechyně and Grünberg . At that time, Waclavicium was one of the 18 villages that belonged to the Konopischt dominion along with the town of Benešov and the Konopischt suburb . In 1560 the village of Waclawicze consisted of 16 farms. After Arkle von Kunovice was installed as administrator of the Konopischt estate in 1599, a dispute broke out over the freedoms of the Václavice area. In 1600 the Chamber of Bohemia decided that Václavice was a subordinate village of the Konopishtian rule. In 1612 the residents of the Václavice district made another attempt to regain their old privileges.
After the abolition of patrimonial was Vácslavice with the district Vatěkov 1850 for independent community in the judicial district Beneschau . In 1873 lived in the parish Vácslavice with the villages Chrašťany, Hrušice, Přibýšice, Vatěkov, Úročnice and Zbožnice as well as the single strata Kozlé and Brejlovka 1431 Catholics and 38 Jews. Vácslavice itself consisted of 43 properties and was inhabited by 433 Catholics and 25 Jews. In 1900, 434 people lived in the 44 houses of the village.
During the German occupation, Watzlawitz was evacuated on April 1, 1943 as part of Zone II of the SS military training area in Bohemia .
After the bombing of Aussig on April 17 and 19, 1945, the commanding officer of the military training area, Major General Alfred Karrasch , ordered the immediate execution of the captured US crews on the initiative of his deputy Sturmbannführer Otto Hauptrich, who came from Aussig, and Hauptsturmführer Herbert Sander that had fallen into the hands of the SS. The guard company led by Untersturmführer Ernst Albrecht shot the eight American airmen at kilometer stone 2.2 of the Konopiště-Václavice road and buried the bodies in the compost of the Váňov estate, which was used as an SS drill yard. After the end of the Second World War, the reconstruction of 62 villages, including Václavice, was decided in December 1945, and resettlement began in 1946. The remains of the Americans were found, exhumed, and returned to their homeland in 1946.
At the beginning of 1961, Zbožnice, which was previously part of the Konopiště municipality, was renamed. In 1980 Václavice was incorporated into Benešov. The community has existed again since 1990.
Community structure
The municipality Václavice consists of the districts Václavice ( Watzlawitz ), Vatěkov ( Watiekow ) and Zbožnice ( Sboschnitz ).
Personalities
- Richard Feder (1875–1970), Czech - Jewish scholar , rabbi , inmate of the Theresienstadt concentration camp , translator and author
Attractions
- Konopiště Castle
- Church of St. Wenceslas, the early Gothic building was rebuilt in 1352. The church tower, preserved in its original form, dates from the 13th century.
- Memorial stone at the site of the execution of the American airmen, erected in May 1990
Web links
- Website about the parish
- Location description on konopiste.com
- Detailed information on the history of Úročnice, the Václavice district and the SS military training area
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)