Sillian
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market community Sillian
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| coat of arms | Austria map | |
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| Basic data | ||
| Country: | Austria | |
| State : | Tyrol | |
| Political District : | Lienz | |
| License plate : | LZ | |
| Surface: | 36.21 km² | |
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 45 ' N , 12 ° 25' E | |
| Height : | 1103 m above sea level A. | |
| Residents : | 2,030 (January 1, 2020) | |
| Population density : | 56 inhabitants per km² | |
| Postal code : | 9920 | |
| Area code : | 04842 | |
| Community code : | 7 07 28 | |
| NUTS region | AT333 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Sillian No. 86 9920 Sillian |
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| Website: | ||
| politics | ||
| Mayor : | Hermann Mitteregger (Team Sillian) | |
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Municipal Council : (2016) (15 members) |
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| Location of Sillian in the Lienz district | ||
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 View of Sillian towards Sillianberg. |
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| Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria | ||
Sillian is a market town in Alta Pusteria on the western border of East Tyrol in the Lienz district in Austria . With 2030 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) it is the capital of the East Tyrolean Oberland . The economy in Sillian consists of tourism and numerous craft and service companies. The place has the most hours of sunshine in Austria on a long-term average. The community is located in the judicial district of Lienz .
Sillian is at an altitude of 1103 meters and is integrated into the transport network via the Drautalbahn and Drautal Straße .
geography
Sillian is originally a street settlement on river and brook rubble, a consequence of earlier flood disasters and landslides. The drainage and drainage measures carried out in the 20th century, especially in the valley floor of Sillian, also made it possible to settle the areas in the valley.
Sillian lies at the foot of the Thurntal (2407 m).
The settlement area lies entirely north of the Drava. In the south there are only a few houses, a small industrial area and the train station.
Sillian consists of the districts Sillian ("Marktl"), Sillianberg, Köckberg, Arnbach and the hamlet of Asthof in the south of the market town.
The western municipal border is also the state border between Austria and Italy , in the south the municipality is bounded by the Carnic Ridge . Sillian is a popular starting point for long-distance hikes on the Carnic High Trail.
Neighboring communities
Ausservillgraten , Heinfels , Innervillgraten , Innichen , Kartitsch , Sexten
climate
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Sillian
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history
The name Sillian is of Alpine Romanesque origin and is derived from the word * silicana (brook debris area). According to other sources, the name of the place comes from the earlier name of the Villgratenbach ( Sill ). Another theory is that the name Silano, from which the name Sillian later emerged, comes from the word "rope" , which is said to indicate the carriage trade.
Sillian's story is closely related to the founding and development of the San Candido monastery . In 769 the Bavarian Duke Tassilo III transferred. to Abbot Atto , the later Bishop of Freising, a piece of land in the Puster Valley to found a Benedictine monastery in order to evangelize the Slavs from there.
The oldest written mention of Sillian comes from around 995–1005, namely as "Silano" . It is a treaty that Bishop Albuin von Brixen concluded on arable interest. In 1313 Sillian appears as a village , 1319 a judge Jakob von "Sylian" is attested.
As early as 1400, Sillian was a warehouse for merchants passing through. In 1469, Count Leonhard von Görz granted Sillian market rights . With the death of the last Count of Gorizia in 1500, Maximilian I became the new ruler of the former Gorizia territories. In 1508 he confirmed the old freedoms and privileges for Sillian.
In 1440 and 1591 a mudslide from the Sillianberg buried houses and fields and buried part of the medieval Sillians. Today a modern Nepomuk monument at the eastern entrance to the village commemorates the tragic event. The plague also struck Sillian and claimed numerous lives in 1506 and 1636.
In 1832 the Arnbach settlement in the west of Sillian burned down almost entirely.
Until 1918 Sillian was a location of the Austro-Hungarian Army . The Bohemian Feldjäger Battalion No. 6 was in garrison there . During the First World War , grenades destroyed a house in Sillian, and two people were killed. The Hotel Bad Weitlanbrunn was a military hospital ; the dead were buried in the war cemetery established in Arnbach. On the northwestern part of the Sillian cemetery, a war memorial commemorates the dead of both world wars. In 2005 it was completely renovated.
In 1939 the previously independent tax communities Sillian, Arnbach and Sillianberg were merged to form the market town of Sillian. From 1939 to 1949 Panzendorf was also part of it. During the Second World War, the station building was damaged, the Jesacher feeding house in Arnbach was destroyed and in March 1945 the entire hamlet of Asthof, two old historic farms, was set on fire.
Three flood disasters in 1882, 1965 and 1966 put large parts of Sillian under water. Only with a generous building structure and flood protection on the Drau could the danger be averted for the next few years.
coat of arms
The municipal coat of arms was given to Markt Sillian in 1682 and shows two tension cords or ropes connected with golden rings on a red background. The coat of arms indicates the formerly flourishing cattle industry and the wagon trade. Furthermore, the name Sillian is indicated with the coat of arms; So it is a so-called speaking coat of arms. The origins go back to the Görzischen times, as it was found above the door on the parish church, which was newly built in 1441, carved in stone. The oldest surviving image of the coat of arms adorns the bell of the Sillian parish church, cast by Hans Christof Löffler in 1565.
Population development
Culture and sights
In addition to the historic Maria Himmelfahrt parish church, Sillian also offers 16 other listed objects. The Schraffl Villa is also worth seeing.
tourism
There is a wide range of family options, such as B. the Wichtelpark . Numerous hotels of different categories are available for guests in town.
economy
Various small and medium-sized commercial enterprises offer work and income opportunities. Tourism offers employment opportunities, albeit strongly depending on the season. The expansion of the tourist infrastructure such as B. the new construction of a monocable gondola and a hotel complex in the 1990s contributed to job security and opportunities for additional income. The latter is particularly true for agriculture and forestry, because the share of full-time farmers in the town is falling sharply.
The number of commuters from the region does not increase even more due to the relocation of large businesses to the neighboring community of Heinfels .
In recent years there has been an increasing number of centers in Sillian. The side valleys such as the Villgratental , the Tyrolean Gailtal further east and the South Tyrolean communities near the border are part of the economic catchment area of the market town.
A larger industrial area lies on the border with South Tyrol ( Italy ), mainly used by wood processing companies, and a smaller one south of the train station. Numerous trading companies have settled near the border.
Personalities
- Blasius Hölzl (1471–1526), imperial councilor and secretary to Emperor Maximilian I.
- Adam Purwalder (* around 1588), most important literary work: Jedermann-Trilogie
- Ignaz Paprion (1752–1812), pastor in Sillian, important local and historical researcher
- Josef Achammer (1762–1810), master dyer, captain of the 2nd Sillian rifle company
- Alois Zobl (born January 24, 1847 in Sillian, † July 5, 1914 in Vienna), General of the k. and k. Army, January 1, 1907 Major General, November 9, 1911 Lieutenant Field Marshal. His father Alois Zobl was a court usher in Sillian and came from Telfs.
- Josef Schraffl (1855–1922), landlord and master baker, mayor, co-founder and first chairman of the Tyrolean farmers' association, first governor of Tyrol from 1917 to 1922
- Hermann Foppa (1882–1959), politician (NSDAP)
- Rosa Stallbaumer (1897–1942), resistance fighter
- Jos Pirkner (* 1927), sculptor
- Günther Goller (1928–2017), politician (ÖVP)
literature
- Catholic Tyrolean Teachers' Association (Ed.): District Studies East Tyrol. Innsbruck 2001
- Kulturinitiative Sillian (ed.): Sillian - history and present. Haymon Verlag 2014, ISBN 978-3-85218-726-6
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oswald Redlich : The traditional books of the Brixen monastery from the tenth to the fourteenth century. (Acta Tirolensia 1). Innsbruck: Wagner 1886. p. 21, no. 52. Considering p. 355, Redlich doubts that In campo Silano is actually Sillian. He suspects that a place in Val Gardena could be meant here and explains this in detail.
- ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500. Volume 1. Bozen: Stadtgemeinde Bozen 2005. ISBN 88-901870-0-X . Pp. 200-201, No. 319.
Abfaltersbach | Ainet | Amlach | Anras | Assling | Ausservillgraten | Dölsach | Gaimberg | Heinfels | Hopfgarten in Defereggen | Innervillgraten | Iselsberg-Stronach | Kals am Großglockner | Kartitsch | Lavant | Leisach | Lienz | Matrei i. O. | Nikolsdorf | Nussdorf-Debant | Oberlienz | Obertilliach | Prägraten am Großvenediger | St. Jakob in Defereggen | St. Johann im Walde | St. Veit in Defereggen | Schlaiten | Sillian | Streets | Thurn | Tristach | Untertilliach | Virgen