Friederica colliery in Erbstolln

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Friederica colliery in Erbstolln
General information about the mine
Funding / year Max. 32,105 t
Information about the mining company
Employees up to 254
Start of operation 1745
End of operation 1868
Successor use Friederika colliery
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Bituminous coal / coal iron stone
Degradation of Coal iron stone
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 28 '5 "  N , 7 ° 13' 36"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 28 '5 "  N , 7 ° 13' 36"  E
Zeche Friederica Erbstolln (Regional Association Ruhr)
Friederica colliery in Erbstolln
Location Friederica colliery in Erbstolln
Location Wiemelhausen
local community Bochum
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) Bochum
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The Friederica Erbstolln colliery is a former hard coal mine in Bochum -Stadtmitte-Süd. The mine was also known as Zeche Friederica & Erbstolln . But it was also called Zeche Friederica , Zeche Friedericka and Zeche Friederich . The mine was a sovereign colliery until 1822.

history

The beginnings

As early as the 14th century, coal was mined in the mine field using coal graves. The mine was first mentioned by name in 1745, when three tunnels were being worked on. In 1761 there was a consolidation with the Zeche Princess to Zeche Friederica. In 1762 and 1763 the mine was in yield . In 1772 the Friederica Oberstolln was driven east of the fault . The tunnel mouth hole of the Oberstollen was 1.6 kilometers east of the Princess mine, on the southern side of today's Brunsteinstrasse. The tunnel went into operation in the same year, later tunnel construction was also carried out using dies . On June 16 of 1784 the mine was by the head of the Mark Berg Revieres, the Baron von Stein , navigate . The Friederica colliery was one of 63 mines that vom Stein used on his journey through the Brandenburg mountain area. At the time of the inspection, seam No. 5 was being mined . The mine was further expanded underground in a westerly direction. Vom Stein gave information about the condition of the mine in his protocol. Vom Stein complained that the thing had been closed for too long. Since the tusks had complained to vom Stein about the unacceptability of the thing, he ordered a trial hewn. This test hewing served to neutrally check the reasonableness of the thing. In 1797, shaft 1 was mined . Shaft 1 was known as the raisin shaft. Below the upper tunnel, die construction was used. Since the mine generated little profit, penalties had to be paid constantly . On April 28, 1798, a mutation was introduced under the name Felsenburg. However, with this suspicion, the mother failed to give the place of discovery . This later led to a dispute that had to be resolved in court .

The further expansion of the mine

In 1800 the shafts Rosine, Dorothea (shaft 3) and shaft 2 were excavated using die construction. At that time coal was stolen from the mine. The miners stole the best pieces of coal and sold them privately. During the harvest season, they were absent from the mine and worked in the fields. The responsible district officer criticized the condition of the mine in his report. He described the state in which the mine was located as "Luderwirtschaft" . Due to the poor condition in which the mine was, the Prussian state wanted to close the mine. The decision was only changed because the miners a letter to the Mining Office sent in which it asked the competent authority to dispense with the closure of the mine. In 1803, die making was banned by the Mining Authority, but it was continued for a while. In 1804, the sinking work for the David and Kilian shafts began. In 1805 the shafts David, Fortuna and Kilian were promoting . In 1806 the sinking work for the Rosa shaft began.

In 1807, the sinking work for the Levy shaft, also known as the Levi shaft, began. The shaft was initially by 10.5 meters massive overburden of marl geteuft. During the sinking work there was strong water inflow. For this reason, a borehole was first created for the remaining depth until it was cut . The shaft was then further sunk until it was penetrated by the opening . In 1810 the Levy shaft went into operation. In the same year, the sinking work for the Napoleon shaft began. During the occupation by the French occupation forces, the construction of the substation was permitted again. In 1814 the Napoleon shaft was renamed the Wilhelm shaft. In addition, the Hope, Louise, Zuversicht, Stollen and Reserve shafts were sunk this year. This year, the upper tunnel reached a driveway length of 837 meters in a south-easterly direction. The following year, the Wilhelm shaft was in operation, and the upper tunnel was also being driven in a southerly direction. In 1816, the construction of the substation was again banned by the Mining Authority. Since the stocks above the bottom of the tunnel were depleted, the mine was shut down in the same year.

The further operation

In 1820, mining was started again and the Felix, Hope and Confidence pits were dismantled. In the following year, a plan was made to create a deeper tunnel. This tunnel would have given the mine a deeper depth of 20 meters. In the opinion of the mining authority, solving the mine with a deeper tunnel was more cost-effective than drainage using a drainage machine . In 1821 the tunnel mouth hole was created at the Diebergsmühle. The tunnel mouth hole of the deeper tunnel was located northwest of today's Ehrenfeldstrasse. The southern part of Bochum's main train station is now located in this area. In 1822 the mine was sold and thereby privatized. The buyer was Baron Giesbert von Romberg, Chamberlain of Brünninghausen House in Dortmund. At this point in time, all but one of the seams above the bottom of the upper gallery had been dismantled. In the same year, the excavation of the deeper tunnel began. The tunnel was named Friederica Erbstollen, it was driven in a south-easterly direction. In the same year, the legitimate was measured . After a driveway length of 1000 holes in the rock , a seam was opened up.

In 1823 the mutation was laid on the seam opened up by the deeper tunnel. Following the mutation, mining of the seam was started. The tunnel was driven further from tunnel shaft no. 1 as the second starting point. The shaft had a depth of 16 meters and was 684 meters from the tunnel mouth hole. With this counter-site operation one could improve the driving performance. In the course of the year, speculations were made for further seams. In the following year, a ten meter deep weather borehole with a diameter of 470 millimeters was drilled. In the same year, the Oberstollen was again dismantled by means of substation construction on the Weitmarer Sattel. This year, the legitimate was measured again. In 1825, the deeper tunnel was driven further, and mining was also carried out in the area of ​​the Sonne and Felix shafts. In 1827 the right to inherit the deeper tunnel was introduced. On October 31 of the same year the right to inherit the deeper tunnel was granted . The tunnel was planned to solve the rights of the Backwinkler Erbstolln , Dannenbaum Isabella and Vollmond collieries . On January 15, 1828, the Längenfeld Pauline was awarded.

The other years

In 1830 was Erbstollen further ascended, this year the shafts sun, reserve and Felix were in operation. In 1832 the tunnel reached a length of 2586 meters and thus reached the mining of the upper tunnel. In 1833, the sinking work for a machine shaft called the main conveyor shaft began. The shaft was tonnlägig sunk, he was west 350 meters south of Langenbochum today Witten road scheduled and completed in the same year. In 1834, the mine owner Giesbert von Romberg suggested a coal seam that had been driven over by the Friederica Erbstollen. The coal seam was muted under the name Nemesis. This led to contradictions and disputes with regard to a presumption already lodged in 1798. These disputes ended in court in the following years. In 1835, the main shaft, sun and reserve shafts were in operation. On October 23 of the same year, a coal iron stone seam that was 1.2 meters thick was hit. In the same year the seam was awarded under the name Justus seam, but no mining took place this year. In 1836 the mine achieved the seventh best profit of all mines in the Brandenburg mountain area . In 1837, a steam-powered hoisting machine was installed on the main hoisting shaft. The machine had an output of 14 hp . With this machine, 270 bushels per hour could be conveyed .

On January 15 of the following year, the Längenfeld Friederica No. 14 was awarded. In 1840 the main shaft was in operation. From 1841, the mine workings were artificially ventilated using a weather oven . In 1841 the Justus coal-iron stone seam was opened up again, this time in two places. This year, the mine fields of the Dannenbaum colliery and the Backwinkler Erbstolln colliery were closed. In addition, the sinking work for the Sun shaft began this year. The shaft was 100 meters of shaft Felix stated . In the same year, a 4.1-kilometer-long railway network was installed on the mine. 670 meters of this railway were installed as double track above ground and 3.4 kilometers below ground. On the railway network, the conveyance was now made with carts that had a capacity of eight bushels. In 1845 the Felix and main shafts were in operation. On August 16, 1846, the field was awarded to Princess, the field had an area of ​​0.8 km 2 . In 1847 the Clemens and main conveyor shafts were in operation. In the same year, the field Friederica No. 14 was converted into a square field and on August 4, with an area of ​​0.9 km 2, was awarded as an attachment. In 1848 the Pauline field was converted into a quarter field. On July 15 of the same year, the Geviertfelder Elise and Pauline were awarded. On October 26th, 1849, the Geviertfelder Friederica No. 12 and Friederica No. 13 were awarded. In the following year, the mine was in operation and the Conrad shaft was extracted. The Conrad shaft was located on today's Steinkuhler Strasse near the waterway and was sunk as a Seigerer shaft. The shaft was about 35 meters deep .

The last few years until the consolidation

In the year 1852 the Erbstollen had meanwhile several wing locations and parallel tunnels, several shafts had been sunk in the tunnels. The mining in the tunnel extended to Wittener Strasse in the east and to Haus Steinkuhl in the south. This year the further excavation of the Erbstollen was stopped. At that time, the tunnel was located on the south-eastern marrow of the Dannenbaum colliery and about 350 north-east of the Conrad mine. In addition, the right to the Zeche Princess was taken over this year . On March 11, 1853, the III. Senate of the Royal High Tribunal the lawsuit, which had been filed on the basis of the presumption of nemesis, in favor of the plaintiff Giesbert von Romberg. In the opinion of the court, failure to state the point of discovery invalidates the assumption. In the same year, the first mining attempts were carried out on coal iron stone . Only a short time later the dismantling attempts were stopped again. In 1854 the quarter fields Nemesis and Pretiosa were awarded. Both fields were one square kilometer in size. The entire right now covered an area of ​​5.7 km 2 , plus rights to iron stone fields. In 1855 a coking plant was put into operation. In addition, the Clemens shaft was in operation. The shaft had a depth of 27 holes. In 1859 the mining of iron rock began again.

Pit horses were used in the mine for the first time in 1860 . Since the machine shaft was too small to transport the horses into the pit, another way of getting the horses underground had to be found. A diagonal stretch was driven from above ground to underground. The horses drove in and out of this route every day. In 1861, two crosscuts were driven to the fields of the Amatus and Wiemelhausen collieries. The Wiemelhausen field was an iron stone field, the Amatus field was a coal field. The northern cross passage to the Wiemelhausen field penetrated a saddle with a driveway length of 88 Lachtern , at 104 1/4 Lachtern the cross passage reached the north wing of seam No. 32. The southern crosscut to the Amatus field was deferred with an approach length of 67 1/2 Lachtern . At that time the mine was part of the Dahlhausen district. In 1863 the drives to the fields Wiemelhausen and Amatus were continued. The wing location to the field of the Wiemelhausen colliery was driven 18 3/4 laughers in severely disturbed mountains . The cross passage to the Amatus colliery was driven further south in 17 7/8 Lachter. Seams No. 8 and No. 9 and the ironstone seam, which was twelve inches thick , were opened up.

In 1864 work began on solving the already closed Drusenberg colliery. The field was released via a wing location, which was deferred again a short time later. There was less and less mining at the mine and production steadily declined. For this reason it became more and more imperative for the mine to switch to civil engineering . In the following year, the plan was to use mine horses to transport the route in the southern part of the field . Since the machine shaft was not suitable for conveying the horses, an uphill stretch was required for entry and exit . This should be near the machine shaft in seam no. 3 are opened . In 1867 the transition to civil engineering began. This required considerable investments that the owners could not afford. For this reason, the old law union was transformed into a union under new law. The Kuxe , however, remained in the hands of the Romberg family. In the same year, the sinking work for a civil engineering shaft began. The shaft had a rectangular cross-section measuring 6.4 by 4 meters. It was set to the west of today's university south of Friederikastrasse. Since the overburden was flooded, the shaft was built using the sinkhole method. First, a 26- foot- wide sink wall was built and the overburden was cut down to the Carboniferous . The carbon was reached at a depth of eight meters. Then the shaft was further sunk in the carbon. The shaft was completely lined up to a depth of 11 1/2 pools with shaft walling. In the same year the construction of the daytime facilities began . In 1868 the Friederica colliery consolidated Erbstolln into the Friederica colliery .

Promotion and workforce

The first production figures come from the year 1799, in that year 2200 tons of hard coal were produced . In 1806, 6,167 tons of hard coal were mined. The first known workforce numbers come from the year 1826, at that time 63 miners were employed at the mine who produced around 7,800 tons of hard coal. In 1830, 96 employees produced 10,697 tons of hard coal. In 1836, 178 employees produced 19,542 tons of hard coal. With this production result, the mine was in third place of all mining mines in the Brandenburg mountain area. In 1840 the production rose to 27,204 tons of hard coal, and the workforce also rose to 218 employees. The maximum production was achieved in 1841, with 210 employees producing 32,105 tonnes of hard coal. In 1848, 224 employees produced almost 22,000 tons of hard coal. In 1850, 24,216 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 254. In 1855, 218 employees produced 21,612 tons of hard coal. In 1860, the production decreased to 10,376 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 93 employees. In 1865, 64 employees mined 10,214 tons of hard coal and 7,239 coal iron stone. In 1867, 26 miners were still employed at the mine; 3793 tons of hard coal and 17,214 tons of coal iron were extracted. These are the last known sponsorship and workforce figures.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning until 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum. 144). 3rd, revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Kurt Pfläging: Stein's journey through coal mining on the Ruhr. 1st edition. Geiger Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1999, ISBN 3-89570-529-2 .
  4. ^ A b c Theodor Striethorst: Archive for legal cases from the practice of the lawyers of the Royal High Tribunal. Published by the Ober-Tribunals-Rechts -anwälte, third year, first volume, published by Carl David, Berlin 1854.
  5. ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Tenth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1862
  6. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eleventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1863
  7. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume fourteenth, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1866
  8. ↑ a b c Ministry of Trade and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixteenth volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1868

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ A "sovereign colliery" was a mine that was owned by the royal family. Thus the Prussian king was practically the main trade of such a mine. (Source: Kurt Pfläging: Stein's journey through coal mining on the Ruhr. )
  2. ↑ Baron Vom Stein described an operational test carried out under supervision as trial hewing. (Source: Marie-Luise Frese-Strathoff, Kurt Pfläging, Joachim Huske: Coal mining in the Hörde mountain area at the time of Freiherr vom Stein. )
  3. ↑ An entry well , even Stoll bay called, is a light hole was geteuft on a cleat. These shafts are required to support the tunnel operation. (Source: Albert Serlo: Leitfaden der Bergbaukunde. First volume, fourth revised and up to the most recent edition supplemented.)
  4. ↑ As Beilehn or Beilehen is called an additionally imparted pit box, which is connected with another holding moderately pit pitch. (Source: Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area. )