To Our Lady (Pfeffenhausen)
The Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady is a former pilgrimage church in the Pfeffenhausen market in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut . Due to the close connection to an old hermitage , the church, built between 1734 and 1737 in the early Rococo style, is also known as the Klausenkirche . This is located together with the hermitage (also known as the sacristan's house ) and a way of the cross with 14 stations and a crucifix at the end of the wooded southern flank of the Klausenberg , around one kilometer south of the town center. Church patronage is celebrated on November 21st, the feast day of Our Lady in Jerusalem . The church is a branch church of the parish of St. Martin in Pfeffenhausen.
history
After the Thirty Years War , a hermitage was built in a Kruft on Klausenberg, around one kilometer south of the Pfeffenhausen market. The hermitage has been documented since 1710 and 1711. The hermit who lived on the mountain at the time had a vision in which Mary was floating above the spring at the foot of the mountain. The source was then said to have healing powers. At around the same time, thanks to a wooden statue of Mary from the Train Castle Chapel in today's Kelheim district, a three-year-old girl was found near today's pilgrimage church, who had disappeared for several days. Out of gratitude, the parents gave the figure, a Gothic wooden sculpture of Mary with the baby Jesus , the hermit. This marked the beginning of a lively pilgrimage . In 1713 a wooden chapel was built at the foot of the Klausenberg, which was replaced by today's brick building between 1734 and 1737. The builder of this church is the Pfeffenhausen master mason Hans Widtmann, who died in 1741 and built the pilgrimage church in Heiligenbrunn . The donated figure of Mary, which is no longer preserved today, was dressed in baroque style in accordance with contemporary tastes and attached to the high altar . The church was consecrated - delayed by the War of the Austrian Succession and the Pfeffenhausen market fire in 1779 - only on October 11, 1791.
In the course of secularization in Bavaria , pilgrimages were banned in 1804 and the hermitage was orphaned. In 1822, however, Anna Maria Kreitner, later known as the “Forest Sister”, moved in again, who three years later brought eight relics from Rome . After long negotiations with the Regensburg bishop , she was allowed to have this set up in the two Pfeffenhausen churches. The relics of four martyrs can still be found in the Klausenkirche today . In 1859 the still existing way of the cross , which leads from the Klausenkirche up the Klausenberg, was built. At around the same time, the local cemetery was moved to the neighborhood of the Klausenkirche, as the original space in the churchyard around the parish church had become too scarce. For the 200th anniversary of the pilgrimage in 1910, the church was rebuilt and changes were made to the furnishings. Many pieces of equipment, for example the structures of the altars , are still originals from the 18th century. Other pieces were reproduced and added to in the 20th century or for the 300th anniversary of the pilgrimage in 2010, which had been preceded by the last renovation. Since the anniversary, attempts have also been made to revive the pilgrimage, for example by organizing a Fátima pilgrimage day on the 13th of each month from May to October .
description
architecture
As is quite common in rural Rococo, there is also a clear contrast between the simple exterior and the lavish display of splendor in the Klausenkirche. On the other hand, the orientation of the church to the west is unusual. On the east side, i.e. the rear side of the church building, there is a three-axis vestibule with arcades , the Tuscan columns of which bear a cross vault . On the gable above there is a figure of the Jesuit saint Franz Xaver in an aedicule , which was donated by the Munich Jesuit monastery of St. Michael . From 1595 the Jesuit order held the manorial power in Pfeffenhausen.
The little church is a three-bay hall with a retracted choir , which has two further bays and a three-sided end. The nave and choir are spanned by a barrel vault with stitch caps . The cross-vaulted sacristy is attached to the apex of the choir . The tower is built on the north side of the choir and consists of a square, undivided substructure and an octagonal top with cranked pilasters and a bell-shaped dome . The strictly geometric stucco on the vaulted bowl and gallery parapet as well as the wall structure of pilasters and flat arched niches were already out of date at the time of construction, but can be verified in several of Hans Widtmann's church buildings, for example in the nearby pilgrimage church of Heiligenbrunn (1714). The stucco fields on the vault shell were probably originally intended for painting, presumably with pictures from the Lauretan litany , but this was never implemented.
Furnishing
The seemingly uniform baroque furnishings were mostly carried out by local craftsmen , the best known is certainly the sculptor Ferdinand Anton Hiernle (1703–1743) from Landshut . The figure of St. Sebastian on the high altar and the choir arch crucifix have been preserved from him. The structure of the high altar consists of six columns that carry the excerpt with a group of figures of the Holy Trinity . The two flanking angels were not added again until the 300th anniversary of the pilgrimage. The central position is taken by the miraculous image of the Mother of God with Child Jesus, accompanied by figures of Saints Sebastian (left) and Rochus (right). Both the miraculous image and the statue of Rochus are re-carvings by the Landshut sculptor Karl Reidel from the 20th century. The wooden figures of Saints Joseph of Nazareth and Saint Anthony of Padua, created around 1910, stand above the side passages to the sacristy . The two side altars, which are constructed in the same way, are framed in red and gray like the high altar, but only have a four-column structure. The left (southern) side altar shows on the main picture a representation of Mary's parents, Joachim and Anna , and in the upper picture St. Isidore . The counterpart on the right (northern) side includes an altarpiece of the Holy Family and an upper image of St. Wendelin . The side figures of the holy bishops Wolfgang (left), Valentin (left) and Rasso (right) as well as the martyr Quirinus (right) have recently been added again thanks to private donations.
On the canteens of the side altars and on a nave wall there are reliquary shrines with the bone particles of four martyrs set in wood. These are Saints Benignus , Blasius , Victoria and Kolumba . A figure of St. John of the Cross, also added in 2010, can be seen between the two shrines on the wall . Also worth seeing is the pulpit with rich band carvings , volute-shaped pilasters and in between depictions of the four evangelists and Christ Salvator on the polygonal body. The cheeks and the connecting door to the tower also contain rich, carved latticework and bands. Under the gallery, a panel with eight small paintings shows the history of the miraculous image.
organ
The organ of the Klausenkirche was built around 1870 by August Ferdinand Bittner jun. built from Nuremberg . The fully mechanical slider chest instrument has a total of seven registers on a manual and pedal . The pedal is firmly coupled . The disposition is as follows:
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literature
- Kath. Pfarramt Pfeffenhausen (Ed.): A guide for the churches of the parish community Pfeffenhausen-Niederhornbach-Pfaffendorf-Rainertshausen. Self-published, Pfeffenhausen 2013.
Web links
- Homepage of the parish of St. Martin in Pfeffenhausen
- Sights in and around Pfeffenhausen at www.pfeffenhausen.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b A guide for the churches of the Pfeffenhausen-Niederhornbach-Pfaffendorf-Rainertshausen parish community , p. 16 f.
- ↑ a b A guide for the churches of the Pfeffenhausen-Niederhornbach-Pfaffendorf-Rainertshausen parish community , p. 18.
- ↑ a b A guide for the churches of the parish community Pfeffenhausen-Niederhornbach-Pfaffendorf-Rainertshausen , p. 19 f.
- ↑ Bavarian organ database online
Coordinates: 48 ° 39 ′ 29.3 " N , 11 ° 58 ′ 21.1" E